Open Access Books

Dieses Open-Access-Buch befasst sich mit der diskursiven Konstruktion von ‚deutscher Nation‘, wie sie sich in öffentlichen Debatten um nationalen Ein- und Ausschluss offenbart. Staatsangehörigkeit und Einbürgerung sind zentrale Instrumente dieser sozialen Schließung. Anhand der widerstreitenden Diskurse um die Hamburger Einbürgerungsinitiative lässt sich exemplarisch ermitteln, welche diskursiven Grundbegriffe das deutsche Selbstverständnis anleiten. Zu diesem Zweck vereint die Autorin unterschiedliche diskursanalytische Traditionen mit Methoden der klassischen Ethnographie zu einem Ansatz der Diskursethnologie. Die Analyse zeigt, dass die öffentliche Debatte zwischen einem staatsnationalen und einem ethnonationalen Pol oszilliert. Beide nehmen ihren Ausgangspunkt in der unterschiedlichen Ausformulierung ihrer gemeinsamen Grundbegriffe. Diese Polysemie führt dazu, dass sich in der öffentlichen Arena antagonistische Wirklichkeitssphären gegenüberstehen, die mit Hilfe emotionalisierter Identitätsangebote Macht auf ihre Adressat*innen ausüben.

Due to their amorphous character and the concomitant lack of dislocations, metallic glasses exhibit physical and chemical properties that are quite different from those of other solid materials. For example, they can be twice as strong as steels, exhibit superior soft magnetic behavior and outstanding corrosion resistance and, sometimes, interesting catalytic properties, thus having potential for a widespread range of technological applications. The aim of this book is to address, from both experimental and theoretical points of view, some of the challenges to improve the glass forming ability of these materials, to optimize their overall mechanical performance, and to enhance their functional properties. Through the contributions from different renowned authors in the field, new prospects towards the development of innovative compositions and novel applications, particularly in devices with micrometer and submicrometer sizes, are provided, where the full potential of these glassy materials is being achieved.

Social responsibility refers to the ethical framework that suggests individuals, organizations, and institutions should act in ways that benefit society at large, beyond their own self-interest. This concept extends across multiple sectors, including business, government, education, and the environment, and involves taking actions that contribute to the welfare of society, promote social justice, and address pressing global issues. Social responsibility can manifest through a variety of initiatives, from sustainable practices and charitable giving to corporate social responsibility (CSR) and community development. This book also discusses social responsibility in the context of individuals and communities, focusing on the importance of active citizenship, volunteerism, and advocacy for social causes such as poverty alleviation, human rights, and education. It explores the role of governments and international organizations in promoting social responsibility through policy frameworks, regulations, and global initiatives like the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Furthermore, this book addresses the challenges of balancing social responsibility with economic and political factors, such as corporate profit motives, government interests, and resource constraints. It reflects on the ethical dilemmas faced by organizations and individuals when making decisions that have both local and global implications. In conclusion, social responsibility is a vital component of a just and sustainable society, encouraging collaboration, ethical behavior, and accountability across all levels of society.

In this volume, the latest information on sheep farming concerning the effects of climate change is summarized in eight chapters. Climate change basically determines changes in the environment, which affect the keeping, feeding, animal health, and breeding conditions of sheep. These changes affect the sustainability of sheep farming, the sheep’s resilience, and based on this, the livelihood opportunities of the people who keep the sheep. In different regions, the factors that enable or limit the effectiveness of sheep farming can change to a different degree and form. Changes in circumstances make it increasingly important to utilize the elements of precision farming in sheep farming because knowledge of current registration, production, and location data is essential even in extensive conditions.

Este libro ofrece por primera vez en español una mirada integral desde las ciencias sociales chinas sobre América Latina. 13 textos fundamentales para comprender cuáles son los desafíos de las relaciones sino-latinoamericanas contemporáneas. Una iniciativa conjunta del Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales y del Instituto de Estudios de América Latina de la Academia China de Ciencias Sociales.

The history of written Romani literature is only about 100 years old, and thus Romani literatures are still being defined and consolidated. At least two special features characterize this young literature: on the one hand, it is a multilingual diasporic world literature that often can be characterized as engaged literature and tries to deconstruct various age-old stereotypes of the minority. On the other hand, female authors play a strikingly prominent role. Female authors frequently achieve visibility with their texts on the national book markets. Some authors appear in their own texts as committed feminists and/or human rights activists. For other authors, sexuality and gender play a less prominent role in their works. Additionally, women often also play very central roles in texts by male authors. Therefore, this volume aims to explore the different facets of Romani literatures on two interrelated axes. First, the essays explore the status of several diverse works as transnational world literature. Second, the contributions examine the significance of writing as a form of social engagement and self-empowerment. What emerges is the observation that mainly women authors have been speaking out and standing up for their rights as women and Romnya.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

This Special Issue highlights the last decade’s progress regarding new nanostructured materials. In this regard, the development of nanoscale syntheses and innovative characterization tools resulted in the tailored design of nanostructured materials with versatile abilities in many applications were investigated. Various types of engineered nanostructures, usually metal nanoparticles or nanoporous metal oxides, have been synthesized for various applications. This Special Issue covers the state-of-the-art of advanced nanoparticles in many disciplines (chemistry, pharmacy, nano-medicine, agriculture, catalysis, and environmental science). The Special Issue entitled, Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Sustainable Advanced Nanomaterials, including 18 original research works, focuses on highlighting the progress, challenges, and future directions in the area of the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials and nanostructures with multiple applications in chemistry, physics, biology, and medicine [1-3].

This book argues that climate change has a devastating effect on how we think about the future. Once several positive feedback loops in Earth’s dynamic systems, such as the melting of the Arctic icecap or the drying of the Amazon, cross the point of no return, the biosphere is likely to undergo severe and irreversible warming. Nearly everything we do is premised on the assumption that the world we know will endure into the future and provide a sustaining context for our activities. But today the future of a viable biosphere, and thus the purpose of our present activities, is put into question. A disappearing future leads to a broken present, a strange incoherence in the feel of everyday life. We thus face the unprecedented challenge of salvaging a basis for our lives today. That basis, this book argues, may be found in our capacity to assume an infinite responsibility for ecological disaster and, like the biblical Job, to respond with awe to the alien voice that speaks from the whirlwind. By owning disaster and accepting our small place within the inhuman forces of the biosphere, we may discover how to live with responsibility and serenity whatever may come.

In 2002 the Dutch police adopted the pepperspray as a non-lethal weapon to stop aggressive, knife-swinging persons and biting dogs. The topic of this article are its predecessors, the German so-called ‘Apparent Death’ (in German: Scheintod) peppergas pistols and revolvers. In the beginning of the 20th century, a period in which many European governments started to impose anti-gun laws, these cheap and legally available pocketguns offered a non-lethal means of selfdefence, on the road and at home. Present in the collections of Korpora are five peppergas pistols, all originating from the collection of the Amsterdam Police Museum (1928-1968) which was opened to educate recruits of the city’s municipal police force. The German patent for the peppergas cartridge was registred in 1905 to Adolf Niemeyer in the city of Alfeld in the Harz region. Externally this cartridge resembles the centre-fire .410 shotgun shell. The three-barrelled, three-shot pistol was developed and registred in 1911 by the well known gunfactory of August Menz in Suhl. The barrel-block tips down and forward to load the gun. The simple single-shot pocket-pistols had a bayonet-locked removable barrel for reloading. Their manufacturers are largely unknown. Five-shot solid frame revolvers with a foldable trigger without triggerguard were manufactured as well. Both single-action revolvers and ‘Hammerless’-models with a double-action mechanism were made by various German and Belgian manufacturers.

This book provides an overview of contemporary developments in food additives, bridging scientific principles, real-world applications, and regulatory frameworks. It explores key innovations such as clean-label ingredients, plant-based antioxidants, natural sweeteners, wine tartaric stabilizers, and advanced technologies, including nanoencapsulation and smart packaging systems. Special attention is given to the role of food additives in enhancing nutritional value, extending shelf life, improving food safety, and reducing waste across the supply chain. By examining both emerging technologies and their practical implementation, the book highlights the scientific, technological, and market-driven factors shaping the future of food additives, ensuring a balanced understanding of both opportunities and challenges in this rapidly evolving field. An essential resource for graduate and doctoral students, researchers, food scientists, technologists, and industry professionals seeking to understand the future direction of food additives, this book offers valuable insights into the field's evolving landscape and its global impact.

The twentieth century has left behind a painful and complicated legacy of massive trauma, monstrous crimes, radical social engineering, or collective/individual guilt syndromes that were often the premises for and the specters haunting the process of democratization in the various societies that emerged out of these profoundly de-structuring contexts. The present manuscript is a state of the art reassessment and analysis of how the interplay between memory, history, and justice generates insight that is multifariously relevant for comprehending the present and future of democracy without becoming limited to a Europe-centric framework of understanding. The manuscript is structured on three complementary and interconnected trajectories: the public use of history, politics of memory, and transitional justice. Key words 1. Europe, Eastern—Politics and government—1989– 2. Collective memory—Europe,Eastern. 3. Memory—Political aspects—Europe, Eastern. 4. Democratization—Social aspects—Europe, Eastern. 5. Europe, Eastern—Historiography—Socialaspects. 6. Europe, Eastern—Historiography—Political aspects. 7. Social justice—Europe, Eastern. 8. Post-communism—Europe, Eastern. 9. Fascism—Socialaspects—Europe, Eastern. 10. Dictatorship—Social aspects—Europe, Eastern.

Cet ouvrage collectif propose une réflexion de politistes et de sociologues qui s’adosse aux travaux de Daniel Gaxie. C’est l’occasion de reprendre le débat autour des nombreux domaines qu’il a défrichés, qu’il s’agisse de travaux sur la représentation et la professionnalisation politiques, sur la politisation des « profanes », sur le militantisme et ses rétributions ou encore sur les luttes au principe de l’action publique. Le pari était le suivant : montrer comment cette sociologie qui, dans les années 1970, dévoilait les ressorts sociaux d’un enchantement largement partagé de la politique démocratique, montrant la faible démocratisation du recrutement des représentants, définissant les contours d’un « cens caché », critiquant une vision héroïsée de l’action publique, pouvait analyser aujourd’hui un monde politique nouveau, largement désenchanté (« crise » de la représentation, suspicions autour de l’activité politique, jugements désabusés sur son impuissance…). La fameuse lutte contre les prénotions qui habitait le métier de sociologue doit désormais emprunter des chemins beaucoup plus escarpés. Les textes réunis posent frontalement la question de l’actualisation des apports de cette sociologie politique et s’interrogent sur les manières de la renouveler en soulignant des manques, en suggérant des prolongements et en proposant des pistes pour l’avenir.

Quels types de sociétés et d’organisations du territoire ont-ils précédé l’État en Europe de l’Antiquité au xxe siècle ? Cet ouvrage s’efforce de répondre à cette question en s’appuyant sur des exemples précis et en utilisant des comparaisons extérieures à l’Europe. De petites unités territoriales, en général gérées par groupes de parenté (tribus et clans) ou des associations de voisinage, dans lesquelles des hommes libres, propriétaires et guerriers représentaient la majorité de la population, semblent avoir constitué un type fréquent. Des différences sociales plus ou moins importantes existaient entre ces derniers, mais des formes de démocratie primitive se rencontraient aussi, et la vengeance par le sang était un droit souvent reconnu aux membres de ces groupes. L’acquisition du monopole de la violence dite « légitime » par les États fut un aspect important de la transformation de ces sociétés, qui se traduisit aussi par des transformations dans les territoires. Mais des éléments de ces formes anciennes d’organisation de la société et du territoire subsistèrent parfois longtemps dans des États déjà organisés. Cet essai met aussi en perspective certains points de vue récents sur la classification des sociétés et leur évolution, et contribue au débat actuel sur les fondements de l’identité européenne.

Dans cet ouvrage, Jacques Mestre, qui est professeur à la Faculté de droit d'Aix-Marseille, porte un regard résolument optimiste sur les choses de la vie et l'avenir de notre Humanité. Il a choisi de le faire en une triple qualité. D'abord en sa qualité d'enseignant. Animé, après plus de trente ans d'exercice professionnel, d'une passion toujours intacte pour ce superbe métier d'ouverture et de transmission. Mais soucieux également de voir les jeunes trouver leur place, avec tout le bonheur ...