Open Access Books

Political Islam poses a strategic threat to free and pluralistic societies. Behind the largely civil society façade of its actors lies a project aimed at the political, cultural, and religious transformation of democracies into Islamic states. The Muslim Brotherhood, the oldest and most influential organization within political Islam, has formulated a utopian vision that provides the global Islamic movement with identity and direction. Over generations, it has driven forward an Islamization process it refers to as “Civilization Jihad.” The hybrid strategy developed for this purpose – thus far effective – is analyzed here for the first time in detail, including its phases and fields of action.

Lorsque les physiciens commencèrent à explorer de manière plus précise le monde de l’atome pour essayer de comprendre sa structure et les lois qui régissent son comportement, ils se heurtèrent vite à de graves difficultés. Nos concepts intuitifs, basés sur notre expérience quotidienne du monde macroscopique qui nous entoure, se révélèrent totalement erronés à l’échelle atomique ; l’atome était incompréhensible dans le cadre de la physique classique. Pour percer ces nouveaux mystères, il fallu...

The political moment experienced today by so many countries is marked by an intense polarization that intensifies the emotional dimension of political life, bringing feelings such as fear, hate, sympathy, shame and humiliation, among others, to the forefront. The formulation of public policies is one of the arenas in which divergent worldviews clash - a clash that is permeated by emotions. This pervasiveness of emotions attests to the undeniable urgency of turning the anthropological gaze to the role they play in politics. This volume intends to contribute to this effort by taking public policies (their formulation, their reception, their impact) as its objects.

In this open access book, leading Greek scholars explore the rich and diverse poetry and prose of the long Hellenistic period. Chapters focus on the poets of Alexandria such as Callimachus, Theocritus, Apollonius, and Posidippus and on prose texts written in Greek in the Roman Empire. This volume demonstrates the versatility of this literature and examines its multiple cultural affiliations. The Hellenistic writers emerge from this volume as complex, playful, and politically engaged figures, interested in the relationship between culture and society, and far removed from the stereotype of them as distant or elitist. This book makes a major contribution to the study of Hellenistic Greek culture. Susan Stephens is the Sarah Hart Kimball Emerita Professor in the Humanities at Stanford University, USA. Her contributions to the study of Hellenistic literature and culture are immense. She is the author of over fifty articles and the author or editor of ten books. Many of these publications have made a significant impact on the study of the ancient world. Her research on the poets of Alexandria and on ancient Greek prose fiction is widely regarded as path-breaking. She is an inspiring and influential teacher who guided and mentored generations of students and is closely associated with Stanford, where she obtained her undergraduate and doctoral degrees and where she taught from 1978 until her retirement. The eBook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by Stanford University.

The Cointegrated VAR model allows the user to study both long-run and short-run effects in the same model. It describes an economic system where variables have been pushed away from long-run equilibria by exogenous shocks (the pushing forces) and where short-run adjustments forces pull them back toward long-run equilibria (the pulling forces). In this model framework, basic assumptions underlying an economic theory model can be translated into testable hypotheses of the order of integration and cointegration of key variables and their relationships. While the latter used to be I(1), macroeconomic and financial data have recently shown a tendency for puzzling long and persistent swings around long-run equilibrium values typical of self-reinforcing feed-back mechanisms. Such persistent fluctuations are frequently indistinguishable from I(2) data, pointing to the need for new econometric solutions. In this book, many of our most distinguished scholars in the field of cointegration offer a variety of solutions to these problems by formulating new models, tests, and asymptotics more suitable for an I(2) world. Several of the papers apply these cointegration techniques to a variety of empirical problems, thereby showing how to obtain valuable information about some of the mechanisms that have generated the recent crises.

Christian Kaspar deals with the causes of the current economic crisis in the media industry and discusses opportunities for media companies to avert this crisis. Two options particularly are considered in more detail: the approaching of media products to individual desires of recipients on the basis of individualized systems on the one hand and the quick and location-independent distribution of contents through the mobile internet on the other. Kaspar makes point of two aims: First, it is examined whether and how far the strategies of individualization and distribution in the mobile internet are - compared with traditional media - able to provide additional benefit for customers. Second, conceptual issues in the context of realization of individual and mobile media products are raised and solutions are presented.

Originally published in 2003. In Public Markets and Civic Culture in Nineteenth-Century America Helen Tangires examines the role of the public marketplace—social and architectural—as a key site in the development of civic culture in America. More than simply places for buying and selling food, Tangires explains, municipally owned and operated markets were the common ground where citizens and government struggled to define the shared values of the community. Public markets were vital to civic policy and reflected the profound belief in the moral economy—the effort on the part of the municipality to maintain the social and political health of its community by regulating the ethics of trade in the urban marketplace for food. Tangires begins with the social, architectural, and regulatory components of the public market in the early republic, when cities embraced this ancient system of urban food distribution. By midcentury, the legalization of butcher shops in New York City and the incorporation of market house companies in Pennsylvania challenged the system and hastened the deregulation of this public service. Some cities demolished their marketing facilities or loosened restrictions on the food trades in an effort to deal with the privatization movement. However, several decades of experience with dispersed retailers, suburban slaughterhouses, and food transported by railroad proved disastrous to the public welfare, prompting cities and federal agencies to reclaim this urban civic space.

Artificial intelligence is increasingly embedded in the everyday practices of higher education, shaping assessment, governance, labor, and institutional legitimacy. Rather than presenting a technical guide or policy checklist, this volume instead offers a reflective, multi-voiced examination of what AI means for higher education’s purpose, identity, and future. Its phenomenological grounding shifts the focus from operational questions of implementation to deeper inquiries into how AI reshapes institutions, knowledge, and the academic self.Drawing on historical and critical perspectives, the book interrogates AI as both mirror and accelerant of long-standing challenges: inequity, market-driven logics, and the erosion of slow, critical learning. Spanning geopolitical contexts and institutional types, it embraces pluralism over consensus, showing that AI will not transform all universities in the same way. Narrative interludes humanize these themes, revealing the anxieties, ambiguities, and hopes of those living through this transition.Building on the work of Richard Heller on the distributed university and knowledge equity, the book situates AI within broader structural issues such as corporatised knowledge economies, managerialism, and unequal access to educational and research opportunities. At the same time, it highlights emerging possibilities―from open educational resources and equitable research practices to decentralised digital infrastructures―that can contribute to more ethical and resilient institutional arrangements.Neither prescriptive nor simplistic, this book is intended as a catalyst for leaders, policymakers, and reflective practitioners seeking to navigate AI with wisdom rather than haste. It argues that the future of higher education will be shaped less by technological sophistication than by the clarity with which institutions articulate their values, responsibilities, and commitments to the public good.

This open access book presents the findings of Collaborative Research Center Transregio 40 (TRR40), initiated in July 2008 and funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Gathering innovative design concepts for thrust chambers and nozzles, as well as cutting-edge methods of aft-body flow control and propulsion-component cooling, it brings together fundamental research undertaken at universities, testing carried out at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and industrial developments from the ArianeGroup. With a particular focus on heat transfer analyses and novel cooling concepts for thermally highly loaded structures, the book highlights the aft-body flow of the space transportation system and its interaction with the nozzle flow, which are especially critical during the early phase of atmospheric ascent. Moreover, it describes virtual demonstrators for combustion chambers and nozzles, and discusses their industrial applicability. As such, it is a timely resource for researchers, graduate students and practitioners.

Habrá que crear conciencia de que las deudas imprudentes otorgadas a gobiernos ilegítimos deben condonarse porque fueron una estafa realizada contra los pueblos del Sur Global, apoyada, claro está, por gobiernos corruptos y disciplinados en la doctrina económica neoliberal, quienes cumplieron así los mandatos del Imperio de turno y del capital financiero trasnacional, tras haber traicionado el exigido servicio a la soberanía popular.

Vale la pena recordar que el fútbol no se puede reducir a la simplicidad obtusa que lo considera opio del pueblo; tampoco porta una esencia evangelizadora, ni alienadora, ni salvacionista o saludable por naturaleza. Como cientistas sociales, hemos manifestado (y lo volvemos a hacer esta vez) que la función o valor social del deporte en general, y del fútbol en particular, dependerá del interés con el que se promueva en la sociedad. Mientras hemos estado analizando, comentando, sintiendo, pensando y gozando-sufriendo de este evento, nos parece prudente preguntarnos ¿Qué rol está jugando Latinoamérica en esta industria caníbal? ¿Cuáles versiones del deporte nos interesa promover y registrar? ¿Cómo las ciencias sociales críticas estudiarán-transformarán esta práctica que cada vez se masifica siguiendo valores conservadores?¿Qué canales de comunicación merecemos mantener y promover para no olvidar las prácticas corporales y deportivas populares?

In Original Forgiveness, Nicolas de Warren challenges the widespread assumption that forgiveness is always a response to something that has incited it. Rather than considering forgiveness exclusively in terms of an encounter between individuals or groups after injury, he argues that availability for the possibility of forgiveness represents an original forgiveness, an essential condition for the prospect of human relations. De Warren develops this notion of original forgiveness through a reflection on the indispensability of trust for human existence, as well as an examination of the refusal or unavailability to forgive in the aftermath of moral harms.De Warren engages in a critical discussion of philosophical figures, including Martin Heidegger, Hannah Arendt, Mikhail Bakhtin, Edmund Husserl, Gabriel Marcel, Emmanuel Levinas, and Jean Améry, and of literary works by William Shakespeare, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Heinrich von Kleist, Simon Wiesenthal, Herman Melville, and Maurice Sendak. He uses this discussion to show that in trusting another person, we must trust in ourselves to remain available to the possibility of forgiveness for those occasions when the other person betrays a trust, without thereby forgiving anything in advance. Original forgiveness is to remain the other person’s keeper—even when the other has caused harm. Likewise, being another’s keeper calls upon an original beseeching for forgiveness, given the inevitable possibility of blemish or betrayal.

This is a Special Issue of Atmosphere presenting recent results of experimental and theoretical investigations of atmospheric compositions and clouds, largely based on remote sensing.

imaginaire des rochers; invasion sarrasine; légende; mythe du Sarrasin; sémantique des Lieuxdits; thématique de la faute; pétrification; Pénitents des Mées

Human T-cell leukemia viruses type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) share a common genetic organization, expression strategy and ability to infect and immortalize T-cells in vitro; however, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are strikingly different in terms of clinical impact. HTLV-1 is recognized as the aetiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and HTLV-associated myeolopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), in contrast, HTLV-2 does not cause hematologic disorders and is only sporadically associated with cases of subacute myelopathy. HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 also exhibit distinct cellular tropisms in vivo: HTLV-1 is mainly found in CD4+T lymphocytes, whereas CD8+T-cells are the preferred target for HTLV-2. The articles contributed in this Research Topic are covering all the different aspects that characterize HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, by highlighting differences in their biology that might provide clues to their distinct pathogenic properties.