Open Access Books

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

This open access book focuses on the importance of reducing pollution and protecting water resources for the health of people and the environment. Water is vital for life on Earth. The quality of the world's freshwater resources is deteriorating due to the rise in pollution levels, which puts the health of people and the environment at risk. Emerging pollutants, a new class called Contaminants of Emerging Concern, pose a global water quality challenge. The identification and implementation of appropriate regulatory, monitoring, prevention, and control measures are hindered by limited scientific understanding and knowledge about sources and pathways of emerging pollutants, their behaviour and fate in the environment, and potential human and ecosystem health risks. The book presents selected contributions to the UNESCO-IWRA Online Conference “Emerging Pollutants: Protecting Water Quality for the Health of People and the Environment,” held on 17–19 January 2023. It offers an extensive overview of current research findings on emerging pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, groundwater contamination, wastewater management and reuse, circular economy approaches to pollutant lifecycle management, and the prioritization of emerging pollutants in the hydro-cycle. Based on scientific evidence and policy-relevant research findings, the book’s concluding chapter highlights research and policy gaps, offering recommendations for strategic and practical ways to manage emerging pollutants towards sustainable water management in the face of global changes and evolving environmental threats. This book is a scientific output in the framework of UNESCO Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme’s Ninth Phase “Science for a Water-Secure World in a Changing Environment” (IHP-IX, 2022-2029) and UNESCO-IHP’s International Initiative on Water Quality (IIWQ) in collaboration with the International Water Resources Association (IWRA).

Déjà plus de quarante ans ont passé depuis que Julia Kristeva a introduit le terme d’« intertextualité » dans la langue française. Ce concept critique, d’inscription bakhtinienne. a donné naissance à une multiplicité d’emplois et de théories. Certains ont privilégié l’acception dialogue et interdiscursive du terme, d’aucuns son caractère opératoire, d’autres enfin ont pu y voir te locus même de la littérarité L’intertextualité a pu aussi se voir instrumentalisée par l’école structuraliste afin de servir le triomphe du lecteur consacré par la mort de l’auteur. Bien que critiquée, galvaudée, malmenée, l’intertextualité, même si elle est sans fond, n’est pas sans fondement. Preuve en est son dynamisme fécond sur la scène littéraire contemporaine anglophone de ces dernières décennies. De nombreux auteurs comme Peter Ackroyd, Martin Amis. A. S. Byatt, Brian Castro, J. M. Coetzee. Mark Crick. Paul Di Filippo, David Lodge, Patrick McGrath, Vikram Seth, Graham Swift, Louise Welsh et Jeanette Winterson, dont les textes sont à l’honneur dans cet ouvrage, attestent la vitalité d’une écriture sous influence. Partagés entre angoisse de la dissémination des discours et ancrage symbolique dans un pluriel de voix, ces écrivains se sont appropriés te phénomène intertextuel. Ainsi. Intertextualité devient un concept-dé permettant d’interroger le roman contemporain et inversement le roman contemporain semble imposer une nouvelle réflexion critique sur cette notion. Au-delà du travail intertextuel d’assimilation et de transformation, n’y aurait-il pas une spécificité de l’intertextualité contemporaine qui dépasserait les manipulations d’auteurs modernistes comme Joyce ou Eliot, dont l’écriture est antérieure de plusieurs décennies à l’avènement du concept ? L’intertextualité assumée du texte contemporain ne force-t-elle pas la « refonctionnalisation », entraînant ainsi une transformation radicale de la relation littéraire ? Le rôle du lecteur au sein de cette relation mérite aussi d’être reconsidéré. Ce dernier doit- il encore être vu comme le foyer principal d’actualisation des intertextes ? Parallèlement, l’intertexte n’est-il au service que de la dissémination, ou faut-il l’envisager comme une modalité de la fonction-auteur? C’est à l’ensemble de ces questions que tâchent de répondre les auteurs des diverses études rassemblées dans ce recueil.

Anders als heute war der Zirkus um 1900 überaus erfolgreich in Berlin – so erfolgreich sogar, dass er für das bürgerliche Literaturtheater eine bedrohliche Konkurrenz darstellte. Dies führte nicht nur zu Diskreditierungen des Zirkus in theaterinternen Debatten, sondern auch zu politischen Vorstößen von Bühnenverbänden gegen die Präsenz und Aufführungspraxis der Zirkusse. Doch obwohl die Theatergesetze zwischen 1880 und 1900 zu Lasten der Zirkusse verschärft wurden, war ihr Erfolg bis in die 1910er Jahre ungebremst. Nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg kehrte sich das Kräfteverhältnis der beiden Theaterformen jedoch um. Das Buch beleuchtet die komplexe Verflechtung von Akteur:innen und Faktoren, die zu dieser Wende führten, und zeichnet ein Bild der Ausgangslage des heutigen Theatersystems im deutschsprachigen Raum, das heißt der Theaterpraxis wie auch des grundlegenden Förderverständnisses. Zudem gibt es Antworten auf die Frage, wie der Zirkus zu seinem Status als „niedere“ oder Nicht-Kunst kam.

Published

The theoretically and empirically based contributions in this edited volume in honour of Susanne Günther examine different consolidations on the level of interaction. They span from relatively detailed formats such as consolidated practices and actions up to the major forms of communicative genres. It also examines non-verbal routine patterns such as gestures.

This volumes deals with the presentations and debates from the guest lecture series on the occasion of the "European Year of Intercultural Dialogue" 2008 at the Göttingen University.

This book explores the linkages between Southern Europe and South America in the post-World War II period, through organized migration and development policies. In the post-war period, regulated migration was widely considered in the West as a route to development and modernization. Southern European and Latin American countries shared this hegemonic view and adopted similar policies, strategies, and patterns, which also served to promote their integration into the Western bloc. This book showcases how overpopulated Southern European countries viewed emigration as a solution for high unemployment and poverty, whereas huge and underpopulated South American developing countries such as Brazil and Argentina looked at skilled European immigrants as a solution to their deficiencies in qualified human resources. By investigating the transnational dynamics, range, and limitations of the ensuing migration flows between Southern Europe and Southern America during the 1950s and 1960s, this book sheds light on post-World War II migration-development nexus strategies and their impact in the peripheral areas of the Western bloc. Whereas many migration studies focus on single countries, the impressive scope of this book will make it an invaluable resource for researchers of the history of migration, development, international relations, as well as Southern Europe and South America.

In his last essay just weeks before his death at the age of 91, David S. Nivison says, "Breaking into a formal system - such as a chronology - must be like breaking into a code. If you are successful, success will show right off." Since the late 1970's Nivison has focused his scholarship on breaking the code of Three Dynasties (Xia, Shang, Zhou) chronology by establishing an innovative methodology based on mourning periods, astronomical phenomenon, and numerical manipulations derived from them. Nivison is most readily known in the field for revising (and then revising again) the date of the Zhou conquest of Shang, and for his theory that Western Zhou kings employed two calendars (His so-called "Two yuan" theory), the second being set in effect upon the death of the new king's predecessor and counted from the completion of post-mourning rites for him (i.e., a "second 'first' year"). Nivison's enabling discovery that the Bamboo Annal (BA) had a historical basis was initially designed to make Wang Guowei's analysis of lunar phase terms (the so-called "Four quarter" theory that separated each month into four quarters) work for Western Zhou bronze inscriptions. In order to do so he had to assume that some inscriptions used a second yuan counted from completion of mourning. The king's death was the most important event late in a reign, so this implied that a king's reign-of-record was normally counted from the second yuan, omitting initial mourning years. It follows that when the unexpressed mourning years are forgotten (or edited out) but the dates of the beginning and end of the dynasty are still known, the remaining reigns-of-record cluster toward the beginning and end, and a reign in the middle is enlarged. Problems, ideas, and solutions like the one described above are found throughout this new collection of important works on chronology, astronomy, and historiography.

Hiphop gilt als die einflussreichste Jugendkultur der Gegenwart. Im Subgenre Gangsta-Rap zählen hypermaskuline und misogyne Machtfantasien zu den Leitmotiven in der Selbstinszenierung der meist männlichen Künstler. In ihren Liedtexten und Musikvideos vermitteln sie autoritäre Moral- und Gesellschaftsvorstellungen, in denen häufig auch verschwörungsideologische und antisemitische Interpretationen globaler Herrschaftsverhältnisse zum Vorschein treten. Die Studie liefert erstmals belastbare empirische Daten zur Frage, ob und wie diese über den Gangsta-Rap vermittelten Ideologien auf die Wahrnehmung und das Denken von Jugendlichen einwirken können.

The terms "figure" and "ground" became fundamental to art-historical analysis. But is this dichotomy suited to describe premodern art and? This volume calls into question long-standing habits of seeing and understanding figure-ground relations, expands art historical vocabularies, and challenges anachronistic attachments to modernist paradigms

During the celebrations for Leonardo’s fifth centenary, and under the patronage of their Italian Committee, a “21st century workshop of knowledge” worked eagerly in an interdisciplinary key, ranging on many aspects (from engineering to philosophy of nature, to history of architecture, reading of sources, technical knowledge, project analysis, cartographic interpretation), with the aim of contributing to the advancement of studies on an artist-researcher who synthesized the knowledge of his time in an extraordinary verbal-visual language, pushing them forward with anticipations and intuitions which are still relevant for the contemporary project, interpreting the territory as a common good and a living being. The volume presents the outcomes of this intense work.

Socioculturally Responsive Assessment assembles the best-available thinking from within and outside the educational measurement community about the theoretical foundations and systems-level policy implications of formal assessment programs designed to be socioculturally responsive. Synthesized from culturally responsive assessment design and practices, culturally relevant pedagogy and funds of knowledge, universal design for learning, the learning sciences, and other literatures, this emerging concept affirms that students’ learning and performance is inextricably tied to the social, cultural, and linguistic contexts in which they live and develop knowledge. Across four sections, this book provides an argument and initial evidence for impact on students, users, and assessment quality; offers guidance for implementation; and examines the potential limitations, pitfalls, barriers, and measurement issues that such programs will inevitably raise. Scholars, teaching faculty, test developers, and policymakers will come away with integral foundations, new assessment approaches, and a greater sense of the potential for positive impact that these assessments may afford.

This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of volcanic crisis research, the goal being to establish ways of successfully applying volcanology in practice and to identify areas that need to be addressed for future progress. It shows how volcano crises are managed in practice, and helps to establish best practices. Consequently the book brings together authors from all over the globe who work with volcanoes, ranging from observatory volcanologists, disaster practitioners and government officials to NGO-based and government practitioners to address three key aspects of volcanic crises. First, the book explores the unique nature of volcanic hazards, which makes them a particularly challenging threat to forecast and manage, due in part to their varying spatial and temporal characteristics. Second, it presents lessons learned on how to best manage volcanic events based on a number of crises that have shaped our understanding of volcanic hazards and crises management. Third, it discusses the diverse and wide-ranging aspects of communication involved in crises, which merge old practices and new technologies to accommodate an increasingly challenging and globalised world. The information and insights presented here are essential to tapping established knowledge, moving towards more robust volcanic crises management, and understanding how the volcanic world is perceived from a range of standpoints and contexts around the globe. ; A unique collection harnessing international expertise and experience to review volcanic crises around the world Brings together for the first time a wealth of undocumented knowledge to provide a platform for understanding how volcano crises are managed in practice, and to establish effective best practices Includes a glossary, bibliography, and annotated further reading lists, along with a linked author website

During the 19th Century, more than 2000 children of sub-Saharan origin were redeemed from slavery by missionaries and educated in Europe with the aim of sending them back to Africa as «indigenous missionaries». Yet, so far this phenomenon has found no place in historiography and collective memory. Forgotten, perhaps, or removed. The so-called «moretti» were not mere anonymous satellites, orbiting around the European missionaries. Victims of the choices of others, but also protagonists according their own choices, they were real «agents of history». This book is a first attempt to remove them from the peripheries of our narratives and to return them a place and a name. The archives show it clearly: African-Europeans are far from being just recent actors of European history.