Open Access Books

Data is the magic word of the 21st century. As oil in the 20th century and electricity in the 19th century: For citizens, data means support in daily life in almost all activities, from watch to laptop, from kitchen to car, from mobile phone to politics. For business and politics, data means power, dominance, winning the race. Data can be used for good and bad, for services and hacking, for medicine and arms race. How can we build trust in this complex and ambiguous data world? How can digital technologies serve humanity? The 45 articles in this book represent a broad range of ethical reflections and recommendations in eight sections: a) Values, Trust and Law, b) AI, Robots and Humans, c) Health and Neuroscience, d) Religions for Digital Justice, e) Farming, Business, Finance, f) Security, War, Peace, g) Data Governance, Geopolitics, h) Media, Education, Communication. The authors and institutions come from all continents. The book serves as reading material for teachers, students, policy makers, politicians, business, hospitals, NGOs and religious organisations alike. It is an invitation for dialogue, debate and building trust! The book is a continuation of the volume “Cyber Ethics 4.0” published in 2018 by the same editors.

Ce livre rassemble les contributions d'auteurs mobilisés par récriture et praticiens d'un champ d'expérience spécifique, lors d'une journée d'étude organisée en 1999 par l'École des Sciences philosophiques et religieuses, sur les pouvoirs de la littérature. Chacun y témoigne dans une langue originale et personnelle, de ce qui constitue le vit de son interrogation actuelle sur la littérature : réserve de sens, ouverture de possibles ? La singularité la plus rigoureuse du point de vue permet de toucher des dimensions fondamentales de la littérature : le paradoxe de l'engagement politique de l'écrivain, plus radical encore lorsqu'il se voue au travail de la fiction (Pierre Mertens) ; la structure auto réflexive du texte johannique (Marc Faessler) ; la quête de l'identité à travers les vicissitudes du mythe moderne de Faust (Françoise Mies) ; les potentialités nouvelles de l'écriture dramatique quand elle se risque au-delà de la fable (Jean-Pierre Sarrazac) ; l'absolu poétique et l'émergence de sens (Georges Thinès) ; la naissance du lecteur (Pascale Tison) et enfin une interrogation critique sur le mode de lecture que requiert l'enseignement de la littérature (Georges Legros).

This book proposes a unique and immersive multispecies ethnography of the cooperative interaction between the Khamti and elephants in Northeast India. It is based on extended research fieldwork, which attempts not only to describe how the Khamti establish working relationships with elephants, but also considers the involvement of animals in this joint-venture. Through a step-by-step approach, the book addresses different aspects of the interspecies working unit from the beginning of Khamti-elephant association through to its evolvement at work. Back and forth from village to forest, through rich and meticulous descriptions, Nicolas Lainé brings the reader up close in following the capture of a juvenile forest elephant, documenting its transformation into a village elephant. In this unique way, Lainé shows how the initial human-animal bonds evolve and persist at work as a two-way, reciprocated process. The adopted multi-disciplinary approach allows thinking the human-elephant working unit in terms of intersubjective engagement. In its analysis, Nicolas Lainé took into consideration of the cognitive capacities and corporeal capabilities of humans and elephants, their reciprocal influences, and the representations that arise from specific contexts in which interspecies communication and collaboration is manifest. Hence, the proposition on interspecies labour sheds new light not only with respect to what we know (or we think we know) about animals, but also modifies our idea of domestication. At the workplace, humans and animals not only partake in a common world, but that they produce this world together and transform it through their collaboration. Beyond this, the book shows how the quality of shared living conditions for both animal and human are intrinsically linked. It opens doors to a new approach of species conservation and the realization of a very current and widespread aspiration: that of extending the mutually beneficial modalities of existence of humans and animals in their shared environment.

Eating is about how we relate to food in various contexts, and it is influenced by difficult choices that take into account biological, social, cultural, economic, psychological, and access-to-food-related aspects. As a result, eating decisions go beyond basic physiological and nutritional requirements. They may occasionally be conscious, but they can also be automatic, habitual, or subconscious. In these ways, eating is a complicated amalgam of ingrained habits, social norms, and acquired attitudes and feelings toward food. Despite being a long-standing international human right, not everyone has access to enough food. As a result, this reprint seeks original research studies and reviews on the following topics: special diets; dietary restrictions; dietary patterns; gluten-free diets; sugar restriction; salt restriction; vegan diets; vegetarian diets; quality of life; and sustainability.

This book deals with theoretical and experimental aspects of solid-state lasers, including optimum waveguide design of end pumped and diode pumped lasers. Nonlinearity, including the nonlinear conversion, up frequency conversion and chirped pulse oscillators are discussed. Some new rare-earth-doped lasers, including double borate and halide crystals, and feedback in quantum dot semiconductor nanostructures are included.

This reprint focuses on the latest advances in the field of the 3Rs, as applied to laboratory animals. The continuous progress in the application of the 3Rs will allow for us to achieve a more humane and equally competitive science, improving animal welfare.

Since its first observation in 1850, ion-exchange (IEx) has become a fundamental process in many applications involving water treatment, catalysis, chromatography, and the food and pharmaceutical industries. Starting from the early 1900s, another relevant application of IEx has been in the glass industry, with the surface tempering of glass produced by a K+–Na+ ion exchange. Nowadays, photonics has greatly exploited IEx technology: graded-index microlenses, graded-index fibers and integrated optical waveguides and devices are examples of achievements made possible by the IEx process. Moreover, ion-exchange is possible in ferroelectric crystals, too, and has been fundamental for the development of many linear and nonlinear integrated optical devices in lithium niobate and tantalate.This volume collects articles published in the corresponding Special Issue of the Applied Sciences journal. Four review articles, written by internationally renowned experts in this field, provide complementary overviews of the history, fundamental aspects, designs and fabrications of devices, and technological achievements. Three articles describe original research in the fields of diffraction grating, photo-thermo-refractive glasses, and Yb-doped lithium niobate. This volume constitutes a valuable and updated reference for all students and researchers wishing to improve their knowledge and/or make use of ion-exchange technology and its applications.

Im Rahmen des Projekts »Duncker & Humblot reprints« heben wir Schätze aus dem Programm der ersten rund 150 Jahre unserer Verlagsgeschichte, von der Gründung 1798 bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs 1945. Lange vergriffene Klassiker und Fundstücke aus den Bereichen Rechts- und Staatswissenschaften, Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften, Geschichte, Philosophie und Literaturwissenschaft werden nach langer Zeit wieder verfügbar gemacht.

Das Buch untersucht die stilistischen und ästhetischen Einflüsse der Romantik auf Filmmusik fiktiver Welten der 2010er-Jahre, wobei zentrale Romantizismen wie Mythoskonstruktionen sowie utopische Sehnsuchtsmotive, aber auch musikalische Stilmittel im Fokus stehen. Die Methodik der Studie kombiniert theoretische Vorüberlegungen mit Filmmusikanalysen und der Auswertung von Filmkomponist*innen-Interviews, wodurch nachgewiesen werden kann, dass die Film- und Serienmusik zwischen 2010 und 2019 und auch ihre Komponist*innen von romantizistischen Traditionen geprägt sind. Die Bezüge sind in einem verdichteten filmmusikalischen Romantik-Modell zusammengefasst. Filmkomponist*innen zeigen dabei unterschiedliche Ansätze zur Verhandlung romantizistischer Elemente von leitmotivisch-orchestralen Kompositionstechniken bis hin zu digitalen und kollaborativen Produktionsmethoden. Das Buch erweitert die Genre-Theorie durch das Konzept des mythischen Raums, der über Genregrenzen hinaus wirkt. Auch filmmusikalische Exotismen und postkoloniale Motive werden kritisch hinterfragt. Insgesamt bestätigt die Arbeit die Relevanz romantizistischer Einflüsse auf die Filmmusik zwischen 2010 und 2019, identifiziert aber auch transformative Tendenzen.

The 2012 discovery of CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene editing tool, embroiled scientists, ethicists, policymakers, and patient advocates in seemingly intractable conversations regarding the moral, social, and political implications of editing DNA. Simultaneously, the regulatory and governance environment into which the technology was introduced required modification to address its moral and safety risks. Naomi Scheinerman uses CRISPR-Cas9 as a case study to theorize a political process geared toward aiding the ethical and responsible regulation of technological innovation. Building on years of work by bioethicists and in response to calls for broader participation in legislative law-making, Scheinerman offers a direct intervention and justification for how “the people” can and should engage in democratic deliberation during regulatory rulemaking within the administrative state. Scheinerman develops and defends a democratic regulatory framework that integrates the important authorities of both experts and non-experts, the goals of prudential and moral decision-making, and the connection between regulating the market with downstream goals of justice and equality to shape a more ethical future.

Reckoning with Law in Excess offers a ground-breaking approach to understanding the relationship between law and social and political transformation in a changing and uncertain world. Case studies from around the world show the ways in which claims for justice are often framed, paradoxically, against the law.

Last Among Equals is the first detailed account of Hawaii's quest for statehood. It is a story of struggle and accommodation, of how Hawaii was gradually absorbed into the politcal, economic, and ideological structures of American life. It also recounts the complex process that came into play when the states of the Union were confronted with the difficulty of granting admission to a non-contiguous territory with an overwhelmingly non-Caucasian population. More than any previous study of modern Hawaii, this book explains why Hawaii's legitimate claims to equality and autonomy as a state were frustrated for more than half a century.Last Among Equals is sure to remain a standard reference for modern Hawaiian and American political historians. As important, it will require a reevaluation of two commonly held myths: that of racial harmony in Hawaii and that of automatic equality under the Constitution of the United States.

Politicised feelings: This reversal of often talked about emotionalised politics tries to make clear that feelings have a genuine political dimension, which consists in their collectivising effect. If one manages to democratise them, they can be decisive for social change. Disgust, fear, hatred, murderousness and defiance: a selection of unwanted and recalcitrant feelings that can generate discomfort and resistance and are often held responsible for many problems in the political sphere. But is it really the case that problems and discomfort are triggered by these feelings or are they not rather merely indicators of the external situation which - instead of banishing the feelings - should be changed? What would happen if they were no longer suppressed from the political sphere, but looked at and analysed? This is precisely where Paul*A Helfritzsch starts, in order to lead us into a principle that adequately counters the political situation of our time - being at the mercy of seemingly overpowering and unconquerable structures - the principle of defiance.

Andrej A. Voznesenskij zählt zu den hervorragenden, wenn auch nicht unumstrittenen Vertretern der zeitgenössischen russischen Dichtung. Sein Werk findet in der deutschsprachigen Slawistik in allgemeinen Arbeiten zur zeitgenössischen russischen Literatur zwar immer wieder Erwähnung, die Rezeption beschränkt sich jedoch auf wenige frühe Gedichte und Poeme und läßt vorallem den in der vorliegenden Arbeit diskutieren wesentlichen Aspekt im Werk Voznesenskijs außer Betracht, nämlich die vielseitigen Wechselwirkungen zwischen seiner Dichtung und bildenden Künsten. Die exemplarisch zur Diskussion herangezogenen Werke Voznesenkijs werden einerseits in ihren innerliterarischen Kontext untersucht, anderseits werden ihre verschiedenartigen Beziehungen zu den bildenden Künsten, der Architektur, der Malerei und Graphik und der Plastik beleuchtet.