Open Access Books

Analysis of the change in the political orientation made in the Communist Party of Chile in the early 80s of last century and the adoption of the policy of Popular Rebellion in their fight against Pinochet

Seit gut einem Jahrzehnt ist ein wachsendes Interesse an der Geschichte einzelner Stoffe zu verzeichnen: Es gibt Studien zu Kohle, Salz oder Baumwolle, aber auch zu komplexen Stoffprodukten wie Kunststoffen oder Kokain. Das geschichtswissenschaftliche Interesse an Stoffen ist zwar keineswegs neu, aber die Perspektiven haben sich in den letzten Jahren unter dem Eindruck einer neuen Debatte über »Materialität« erheblich gewandelt. Die Beiträger*innen bündeln aktuelle Debatten und arbeiten Umrisse einer Stoffgeschichte heraus. Sie liefern damit erstmals einen Einblick in Methoden und Praktiken des Forschungsfeldes - und geben Perspektiven für die Zukunft.

This volume is the result of a scientific collaboration between the research centres of the Maison Méditerranéenne des Sciences de l’Homme in Aix-en-Provence and the Department of Humanities at Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, whose study interests converged in a joint experimental project. A detailed comparison between Cicero and Diodorus has never been proposed until now, probably because of the obvious disparity between their works. There is, on the one hand, an illustrious orator at the centre of the political and cultural experience of Rome, and on the other hand, a minor Greek historian whose intellectual profile has only recently been enhanced by critics. Yet, they have quite a lot in common: they both lived in the turbulent late Republican age, both came from wealthy families without any political role; both received rhetorical training, travelled and frequented cultured circles. The area where the comparison between the two authors is most instructive is undoubtedly Sicily, the homeland of Diodorus and the scene of the beginnings of Cicero’s political career. The two writers shared a deep personal knowledge of the island: Sicily is constantly present in Diodorus’ Bibliotheca and is the focus of the judicial and political case exposed in the Verrinae. Aspects of the island’s history and culture emerging from the work of each author have already been extensively considered. This study, however, aims to offer a more analytical comparison of the representation of Sicily in both works, examining how the same geographical, historical and religious information, originating from a shared cultural background and from personal knowledge, is reinterpreted by the two authors according to their different rhetorical and intellectual projects. We defined four major categories of information relating to the island: geography, history of great men, religious traditions and practices, artistic and monumental heritage. For each of these categories, we conducted parallel analyses on each work, focusing on the selection of data, the way they were presented and their function in the overall economy of Diodorus’ and Cicero’s works. These parallel analyses highlight similarities and dissimilarities between the two authors: the affinities show the existence of a codified representation of Sicily, its history and its specificity in the context of the first century BC; the discrepancies result both from the divergences in method and aims of the two authors and, more deeply, from their differences in terms of personal, cultural and linguistic backgrounds and perspectives.

Alternative litigation financing (ALF)--also known as "third-party" litigation financing--refers to provision of capital by parties other than plaintiffs, defendants, their lawyers, or defendants' insurers to support litigation-related activity. This paper describes the ALF industry as of early 2010 and discusses the legal ethics, social morality, and, especially, potential economic effects of ALF.

Under the Title Education for Citizen Life in a plural society, the situation that citizens is going through in a society in which the convergence of people with different political and religious beliefs is addressed, with different looks before the issue of gender, before autonomiesTerritorial, with different sensitivity to the environment, towards the vulnerability of people associated with the situation of poverty in the country itself (local positioning) or in others (global positioning), among other aspects, it is usual. The plurality of life forms of the citizens of the same society is a patent reality that has always existed but that has become more acute in recent decades with migratory flows.

The book explores the significance of that work for the generations of historians and other authors in the Hellenistic age (323-31 BC). It is the first monograph that fully treats the question of the fate of the History in the Hellenistic world. The book collects and analyses for the first time all the fragmentary evidence on Thucydides’ readership from the Classical and the Hellenistic period. It includes a thorough and up-to-date synoptic introduction and extensive bibliography, setting each chapter in the context of broader scholarship from XIXth century onwards.. With this book, readers shall receive a survey of manifold aspects of Thucydides in particular, and of historical writing in the Hellenistic age in general.

Polio eradication is the global effort to permanently eliminate poliovirus and the disease it causes, poliomyelitis. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) leads this effort.While wild poliovirus cases decreasing by over 99% since 1988, the job is not yet finished. Key aspects of polio eradication include the following: Ensuring high immunization coverage with oral polio vaccine (OPV) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). Robust surveillance systems, including acute flaccid paralysis surveillance to detect and respond to poliovirus circulation. Assuring polioviruses are not stored in laboratories. Rapid and effective responses to outbreaks, including vaccination campaigns. Significant funding from various sources. Only Pakistan and Afghanistan remain endemic for wild poliovirus. Two of the three wild poliovirus serotypes (Types 2 and 3) have been certified as eradicated. The Goal of Polio Eradication: Achieve a world free of all forms of poliovirus, including both wild and vaccine-derived strains.

The conference "The naturalistic heritage of the Regional Park Vulcanica di Roccamonfina e Foce Garigliano" brought together many researchers who have dedicated themselves, over the last few years, to the study of the natural resources and biodiversity of the Park, with the aim of sharing them with the scientific community and the territory. The contributions here presented and collected range from the most peculiar mineralogical aspects of the Volcano, to the valuable plant species and vegetation of the Park, the quality of the surface water up to presenting updates or unpublished data on important zoological groups as malacofauna, herpetofauna, birds and cetaceans. What is presented provides the most updated picture of the Park's biodiversity and can be useful for understanding and assessing the health status of species and habitats, to support the implementation of appropriate management strategies and conservation plans.

Von der Weltpolitik eines Trump, Orban und Erdogan über Popmusik von Rammstein und Frei.Wild bis hin zu Hate Speech in sozialen Medien — das Provozieren, das Brechen von Tabus, das Relativieren von bislang gültigen Werten sowie erhitzte öffentliche Debatten prägen längst unseren medialen Alltag. Pop(musik)kulturelle Phänomene und mittlerweile auch medialisierte Politik(er*innen) bewegen sich dabei zwischen bewusstem Tabubruch, dosierter Provokation und medienwirksamen Spielen mit Grenzüberschreitungen und -verschiebungen — mal progressiv, mal regressiv, mal schwer einzuordnen. Die Herausgeber*innen und Autor*innen des Bandes möchten einen Beitrag zu gelassener Analyse und Reflexion leisten.

Religion; Theology; Feminist theology; Bible—Theology

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird eine Methodik erarbeitet, um im Kontext modulbasierter Entwicklungsprozesse im automobilen Umfeld zu einer optimal robusten Auslegung von Modulen zu kommen. Hierfür werden Unsicherheiten automobiler Entwicklungsprozesse identifiziert und quantifiziert. Vertiefender Schwerpunkt der Arbeit ist die Modulklasse Kinematikmodule, deren Module jeweils durch Mehrkörpersysteme modelliert werden können.

In Sexual States Jyoti Puri uses the example of the efforts to decriminalize homosexuality in India to show how the regulation of sexuality is fundamentally tied to the creation and enduring existence of the state. Between 2001 and 2013 activists attempted to rewrite section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, which outlaws homosexual behavior. Having interviewed activists and NGO workers throughout five metropolitan centers, investigated crime statistics at the National Crime Records Bureau, visited various state institutions, and met with the police, Puri found that section 377 is but one element of the large and complex systems of laws, practices, policies, and discourses that regulate Indian sexuality. Intended to mitigate sexuality's threat to the social order, this regulation works to preserve the views of the state as inevitable, legitimate, and indispensable. By highlighting the various means through which the regulation of sexuality constitutes India's heterogeneous and fragmented

Over the last few decades, medieval theology and philosophy have undergone a profound transformation. While it was once regarded as mainly the domain of European Latin Christendom, medieval intellectual history is now understood as an intricate, dynamic, and polycentric web of cross-cultural engagements. With the rise of cross-cultural research methodologies, recent scholarship in the field of medieval theology and philosophy increasingly focusses on shared concerns, mutual influences and profound interactions among the thinkers across Islamic, Christian, Jewish, Chinese, Indian, and other intellectual traditions that flourished from late antiquity through the fifteenth century. This recent reorientation has certainly enriched and diversified medieval theological and philosophical debate. At the heart of this transformation is a recognition of the profound interconnectedness of the medieval world wherein the dialogue is not restricted by geographical boundaries, and religious, cultural and linguistic differences serve as the catalyst for innovation and deeper reflection. The reprint, titled “Medieval Theology and Philosophy from a Cross-Cultural Perspective,” explores the rich and complex interactions among diverse intellectual traditions in the medieval period. It brings together a collection of articles that highlight the interconnectedness of theological and philosophical thought across cultural, religious and linguistic boundaries.

Quantifying temporal changes in plant geometry as a result of genetic, developmental, or environmental causes is essential to improve our understanding of the structure and function relationships in plants. Over the last decades, optical imaging and remote sensing developed fundamental working tools to monitor and quantify our environment and plants in particular. Increased efficiency of methods lowered the barrier to compare, integrate, and interpret the optically obtained plant data across larger spatial scales and across scales of biological organization. In particular, acquisition speed at high resolutions reached levels that allow capturing the temporal dynamics in plants in three dimensions along with multi-spectral information beyond human visual senses. These advanced imaging capabilities have proven to be essential to detect and focus on analyzing temporal dynamics of plant geometries. The focus of this Research Topic is on optical techniques developed to study geometrical changes at the plant level detected within the wavelength spectrum between near-UV to near infrared. Such techniques typically involve photogrammetric, LiDAR, or imaging spectroscopy approaches but are not exclusively restricted to these. Instruments operating within this range of wavelengths allow capturing a wide range of temporal scales ranging from sub-second to seasonal changes that result from plant development, environmental effects like wind and heat, or genetically controlled adaption to environmental conditions. The Research Topic covered a plethora of methodological approaches as suggestions for best practices in the light of a particular research question and to a wider view to different research disciplines and how they utilize their state-of-the-art techniques in demonstrating potential use cases across different scales.

Tragbare Unterstützungssysteme sind spezielle Produkte, die den Menschen durch Kraftübertragung unterstützen und assistieren, d.h. gezielt auf die Biomechanik wirken. Für eine ergonomische Gestaltung werden die Nutzer in den Produktentwicklungsprozess eingebunden (nutzerzentriertes Design). Im Rahmen der virtuellen Produktentwicklung werden zunehmend muskuloskelettale Menschmodelle zur Nutzerrepräsentation eingesetzt. Insbesondere für tragbare Unterstützungssysteme stellt die Verwendung von muskuloskelettalen Menschmodellen ein wertvolles Werkzeug dar, da die Auswirkungen auf die Biomechanik des Benutzers (z.B. Muskelaktivierungen) simuliert werden können. Der virtuelle Designprozess von tragbaren Unterstützungssystemen unter Verwendung von muskuloskelettalen Simulationen findet jedoch kaum Anwendung, was vor allem an den Einschränkungen bei der Übertragung der Simulationsergebnisse in die reale Welt liegt. Ein wichtiger Faktor ist die Darstellung der Schnittstelle und Interaktion zwischen Mensch und System. Daher wird in dieser Arbeit eine neuartige Methode zur Interaktionsmodellierung in der muskuloskelettalen Simulation vorgestellt und am Beispiel einer passiven Sprunggelenkorthese angewendet. Die Methode besteht zum einen aus einer Methode zur Bestimmung der erforderlichen Unterstützung durch ein tragbares Unterstützungssystem und zum anderen aus einer Methode zur Berücksichtigung des Einflusses des biologischen Weichgewebes an der Schnittstelle zwischen Mensch und System. Durch die Anwendung dieser Methode wird ein weiterer Effekt aus der Realität in die muskuloskelettale Simulation einbezogen, was potentiell eine validere Übertragung der Simulationsergebnisse auf die reale Welt ermöglicht.