Open Access Books

The Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona No. 26. Salvage archaeology explores Indian cultural development during Rillito, Rincon, and Tanque Verde phases.

Health Care associated infection (HAI) is an emerging problem worldwide. HAI causes increased morbidity, mortality and average length of stay of the patient in the hospital. HAI also imposes economic burden on the patient, health care set up and also State and National Health care system. It has been estimated that 5 10 % of all hospital admission suffers from HAI even in developed countries. But 30% of HAI are preventable, if we follow the infection control practices properly especially hand hygiene while giving patient care. Hence, in this book importance has been given to Infection Control practices along with emerging trends of HAI due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species etc.

When labor market economists started to work on segmented labor markets, they classified informal employment as a transitory state. At the end of the 20th century, informal employment still persists governments’ attempts to eradicate it and represents a growing labor market segment not only in developing countries but worldwide. It is evident that informal employment will not disappear but has to be taken into account when designing labor market policies. This study investigates the role of informal dependent employment on the allocation of workers into formal employment in general and on the choice of job search channels in particular. The empirical analysis is based on Cox proportional hazard models and multinomial logistic regression, using Brazilian labor market panel data.

Fake news, populismos, peligros ambientales por el antropoceno irradian en los últimos años señales de crisis desconcertantes. ¿Qué otras preguntas habría que hacer para encarar los desconciertos y preocupaciones que nos abren? ¿Qué nuevos enfoques están ensayándose en las Ciencias Sociales para afrontar los desafíos que se nos plantean? ¿Dónde buscar definiciones más certeras y alternativas? Este ensayo explora el devenir de las demandas indígenas en América Latina como ámbitos de diagnóstico que indican fallos en las convivencias y sugieren preguntas y caminos para repensar los tiempos que nos toca vivir.

Ce quatrième ouvrage de la série « Conquête de la steppe » présente de nouvelles études d’archéologie, de géoarchéologie et d’anthropologie issues d’un important programme de prospection de la zone steppique de la Syrie centrale à l’est de Hama, qui s’est déroulé de 1995 à 2010. Les périodes dont il est question ici vont du PPNB à l’époque contemporaine (VIIIe millénaire av. J.-C.-xxie s. ap. J.-C.). L’adaptation de l’homme à l’environnement est abordée du point de vue de l’acquisition et du stockage de l’eau en milieu aride, grâce aux citernes pluviales, et à travers deux études de cas : celle d’un village du PPNB et celle de deux années pluviométriques extrêmes. Une partie des articles (céramique, monnaies, monuments religieux) éclaire d’un nouveau jour la définition du territoire régional, durant l’Antiquité et par la suite. Des questions de topographie historique sont aussi abordées grâce à la publication de nouvelles inscriptions. Enfin, plusieurs contributions concernent les formes de l’habitat, aussi bien les résidences luxueuses des propriétaires terriens (des époques omeyyade et contemporaine) que les villages byzantins et les processus de sédentarisation à l’époque contemporaine.

Block encryption algorithms are now the most widely used cipher systems in the world to protect our communications and our data. Despite the fact that their design is open and public, there is absolutely no guarantee that there do not exist hidden features, at the mathematical design level, that could enable an attacker to break those systems in an operational way. Such features are called backdoors or trapdoors. The present book intends to address the feasibility of a particular class of such backdoors based on partitionning the plaintext and ciphertext message spaces. Going from the theory to the practical aspects, it is shown that mathematical backdoors in encryption systems are possible. This book, thus, intends to initiate a new field of research.

The Original Portrayal of Mozart’s Don Giovanni offers an original reading of Mozart’s and Da Ponte’s opera Don Giovanni, using as a lens the portrayal of the title role by its creator, the baritone Luigi Bassi (1766–1825). Although Bassi was coached in the role by the composer himself, his portrayal has never been studied in depth before, and this book presents a large number of new sources (first- and second-hand accounts), which allows us to reconstruct his performance scene by scene. The book confronts Bassi’s portrayal with a study of the opera’s early German reception and performance history, demonstrating how Don Giovanni as we know it today was not only created by Mozart, Da Ponte and Luigi Bassi but also by the early German adapters, translators, critics and performers who turned the title character into the arrogant and violent villain we still encounter in most of today’s stage productions. Incorporating discussion of dramaturgical thinking of the late Enlightenment and the difficult moral problems that the opera raises, this is an important study for scholars and researchers from opera studies, theatre and performance studies, music history as well as conductors, directors and singers.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an attempt to understand the extent to which the bacilli has adapted itself to the host and to its final target. On the other hand, there is a section in which other specialists discuss how to manipulate this immune response to obtain innovative prophylactic and therapeutic approaches to truncate the intimal co-evolution between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Homo sapiens.

Qu'est-ce que la jubilation ? Comment définir cette notion à laquelle les discours sur la littérature et les arts font souvent appel, mais qui, jusqu'à présent, n'avait pas été véritablement théorisée ? Comment situer la jubilation parmi des notions voisines mais distinctes (joie, plaisir, jouissance, euphorie,…) ? Quelle est la nature du ressenti jubilatoire? Quelle est son origine ? Quels rapports la jubilation entretient-elle avec ses inverses ? Peut-il y avoir une jubilation du désastre ?... Telles sont les questions auxquelles ce volume essaie de répondre. On y trouvera tout d'abord une tentative de définition à travers plusieurs approches théoriques appuyées sur des œuvres littéraires. Puis la suite du volume parcourt différents types de jubilations dans la littérature : jubilations critiques, jubilations tragiques, jubilations langagières, jubilations dans le rapport sensoriel heureux avec le monde, jubilations créatrices, et jubilations dans la diversité des pratiques artistiques (la lecture, la littérature de jeunesse, le cinéma, la danse, la musique). Ce volume est ainsi l'occasion d'aborder le versant positif de l'art et de la littérature moderne.

Beginning in the late nineteenth century, India played a pivotal role in global conversations about population and reproduction. In Reproductive Politics and the Making of Modern India, Mytheli Sreenivas demonstrates how colonial administrators, postcolonial development experts, nationalists, eugenicists, feminists, and family planners all aimed to reform reproduction to transform both individual bodies and the body politic. Across the political spectrum, people insisted that regulating reproduction was necessary and that limiting the population was essential to economic development. This book investigates the often devastating implications of this logic, which demonized some women’s reproduction as the cause of national and planetary catastrophe. To tell this story, Sreenivas explores debates about marriage, family, and contraception. She also demonstrates how concerns about reproduction surfaced within a range of political questions—about poverty and crises of subsistence, migration and claims of national sovereignty, normative heterosexuality and drives for economic development. Locating India at the center of transnational historical change, this book suggests that Indian developments produced the very grounds over which reproduction was called into question in the modern world. The open-access edition of Reproductive Politics and the Making of Modern India is freely available thanks to the TOME initiative and the generous support of The Ohio State University Libraries. DOI 10.6069/9780295748856

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

EPUB and EPDF available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. Bringing together leading authors in the sociology and social movement fields from all continents, this unique book explores both the global echoes of the pandemic and the different local and national responses adopted by different actors. The authors reveal how the pandemic exacerbates inequalities across the world whilst opening up new solidarities and hopes for a better future.

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar cuáles son los factores que influyen en la elección de las carreras de educación en la universidad. La investigación es de tipo no experimental con diseño descriptivo explicativo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 242 estudiantes entre varones y mujeres que cursan el primer ciclo de formación universitaria de las carreras de educación. Se utilizó el cuestionario factores motivacionales administrado a través de un formulario de google. Los resultados señalan que las principales motivaciones personales e interpersonales son la vocación con la carrera que tienen los estudiantes ingresantes de educación, aspecto positivo que permitirá formarse como buenos maestros, además otro factor importante es el gusto por el espacio y las personas con las que trabajará ya que la mayoría tiene gusto por el trabajo con niños y/o adolescentes, además de considerar que tienen las habilidades sociales y académicas suficientes.

Zusammenfassung Die Digitalisierung hebt die Lüge auf eine neue Ebene. Ausgewiesene Forscherinnen und Forscher legen mit diesem Band ihre umfassenden Analyseergebnisse vor, die sie bezüglich digitaler Desinformation in einem interdisziplinären Ansatz gewonnen haben: Was macht Desinformation im deutschsprachigen Internet aus? Wie wirkt Desinformation? Wie kann sie mithilfe technischer Mittel erkannt werden? Was kann und könnte mit regulatorischen und rechtlichen Maßnahmen gegen Desinformation getan werden? Aus den Erkenntnissen von Journalistik, Medienpsychologie, Informatik und Recht werden Handlungsempfehlungen an die relevanten Adressaten hergeleitet: An den Gesetzgeber, Presserat, Medienschaffende, Betreiber von Social Networks, Einrichtungen der Forschungsförderung und nicht zuletzt Mediennutzende. Dieser Band endet nicht bei der Analyse, sondern zeigt auf, wie die Verbreitung von Desinformationen über das Internet wirkungsvoll eingedämmt werden kann. Die beiden Journalismusforscher Prof. Bader und Prof. Rinsdorf recherchierten ein umfangreiches deutschsprachiges Sample von Fake News, das sowohl als Grundlage für die kommunikationswissenschaftliche Bewertung des Phänomens Desinformation dient, als auch von anderen Disziplinen als wertvolle Analysequelle und Forschungs-rohdaten (z. B. für maschinelles Lernen) genutzt wurde. Die Analyseexperten des Ibiza-Videos, Herr Prof. Steinebach und sein Team, beleuchten die technischen Aspekte von digitaler Desinformation. Prof. Krämer und ihr Team untersuchten Prozesse der Meinungsbildung in sozialen Medien sowie Mecha-nismen zur Weiterleitung von Informationen im Internet. Prof. Roßnagel und seine Mitarbeiter analysieren den bestehenden Rechtsrahmen und geben Empfehlungen zur Weiterentwicklung des Rechts zur Bekämpfung digitaler Desinformation. Abstract Digitalisation takes the lie to a new level. In this volume, renowned researchers present the results of their comprehensive analyses, which they obtained in an interdisciplinary approach with regard to digital disinformation: What makes disinformation on the German-language internet special? How does disinformation work? How can it be recognised with the help of technical means? What can and could be done against disinformation by means of regulatory and legal measures? From the findings of journalism, media psychology, computer science and law, recommendations for action are derived for the relevant addressees: the legislator, the press council, media representatives, operators of social networks, research funding institutions and, last but not least, media users. This volume does not end with the analysis, but shows how the dissemination of disinformation via the internet can be effectively contained.

The term "metallic glasses" is widely used to denote the amorphous alloys obtained by rapid quenching techniques. These materials are characterized by short range atom ordering without translational periodicity of the structure. Kinetic and thermodynamic metastability is one of the main characteristics generally related to metallic glasses, while their thermally induced microstructural transformations could result in deterioration or improvement of the functional properties. Due to their favorable magnetic, electrical, mechanical, and anti-corrosion properties, metallic glasses as new and attractive materials have found application in many areas of modern industries - electronics, construction industry, aerospace industry; as well as chemistry, biomedicine, and surgery.