Humanities & Social Sciences

The article highlights the work carried out by the members of the URBE Interface Commission, supported by @Cult staff, to arrive at the creation of the Parsifal web. Starting with an analysis of the structural and ontological models that make up the Parsifal catalogue, organised within the framework of the Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME) project, it goes on to describe the choices made by the Commission to help users in their searches and, thanks to the results obtained, to familiarise them with entities and their relations, with linked data and with the Semantic Web. Finally, the concept of the authority file and the registration of the Authority cluster ID in Parsifal are analysed, albeit briefly.

Long-term forecasting of technology has become extremely difficult due to the rapid realization of any suggested idea. Communication and software technologies can compensate for the problems that may arise during the transition period between idea generation and realization. However, this rapid process can cause problems for the automotive industry and transportation systems.Autonomous vehicles are currently a hot topic within the transportation sector. This development is related to the compatibility of vehicles of the near future with the development of the infrastructure on which these vehicles will be based. There are certain problems regarding the solutions that are currently being worked on, such as how autonomous should vehicles be, their control mechanisms, driving safety, energy requirements, and environmental use. The problem is not just about the design of autonomous vehicles. The user transportation systems of these vehicles also need problem-free solutions. The problem should not only be seen as financial because sociological effects are an important part of this feature.In this book, valuable research on the modeling, systems, transportation, technological necessity, and logistics of autonomous vehicles is presented. The content of the book will help researchers to create ideas for their future studies and to open up the discussion of autonomous vehicles.

From 1795 through 1800, a series of revolts rocked Curaçao, a small but strategically located Dutch colony just off the South American contintent. A combination of internal and external factors produced these uprisings, in which free and enslaved islanders particiapted with various objectives. A major slave revolt in August 1795 was the opening salvo for these tumultuous five years. While this revolt is a well-known episode in Curaçaoan history, its wider Caribbean and Atlantic context is much less known. Also lacking are studies sketching a clear picture of the turbulent five years that followed. It is in these dark corners that this volume aims to shed light. The events discussed in this book fall squarely within the Age of Revolutions, the period that began with the onset of the American Revolution in 1775, was punctuated by the demise of the ancien régime in France, saw the establishment of a black state in Haiti, and witnessed the collapse of Spanish rule in mainland America. All of these revolutions seemed to converge by the late eighteenth century in Curaçao. The seven contributions in this volume provide new insights in the nature of slave resistance in the Age of Revolutions, the remarkable flows of people and ideas in the late eighteenth-century Caribbean, and the unique local history of Curaçao. Wim Klooster is Associate Professor at Clark University in Worcester (MA), USA. His most recent book is Revolutions in the Atlantic World: A Comparative History (2009). Gert Oostindie is Director of the KITLV/Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies and Professor of History at Leiden University

Inhaltsangabe: Dieses Open-Access Buch befasst sich mit der krisenbedingten Transformation touristischer KMU infolge von COVID-19. Fokussiert auf eine Flusskreuzfahrtdestination gelingt es, aus einer multidisziplinären Perspektive von Tourismus und Entrepreneurship heraus, neue Erkenntnisse über die COVID-Krise als Auslöser für Digitalisierung und Geschäftsmodellinnovation zu gewinnen. Business Model Innovation wird dabei als eine neue proaktive Maßnahme für touristisches Krisenmanagement identifiziert. Zudem lassen sich im Gegensatz zu den Wachstumsstrategien vor der Krise nun krisenbedingte Exit- und Innovationsstrategien bei den Akteuren feststellen. Einen besonderen Beitrag leisten die Ausführungen zu Flusskreuzfahrt und Destination, der Implementierung von Business Model Innovation im Krisenmanagement von Destinationen, aber auch die konkreten Praxisbeispiele wie z. B. virtuelle und interaktive Gästeführungsangebote für Menschen mit Handicap.

The volume, dedicated to the 44th International Conference of the Italian Union for Drawing, investigates the theme of ‘Transitions’, which particularly effectively represents our time and the current condition of the discipline of Drawing. The term, beyond its generic meaning of an intermediate stage in a process in which a condition changes from one state to another, has always been used in various fields, from music to geophysics. In fact, the disciplines of drawing have always been confronted with themes and issues relating to transitions from one condition to another. The history of representation tells us of transformations, even epochal ones, relating to ‘drawing’, with all that such transitions entail: suffice it to think of the evolution of forms of representation, of instrumental apparatuses, of the mutability of supports, of the analogical-digital transition underway, of the new modes of communication on platforms, of the hypertrophic offer of images also on the net that confirms Guy Debord’s intuitions relating to the new spectacularisation of society. Similarly, representation triggers transitions in the prefiguration and communication of design, the anticipation and foreshadowing of future events.The challenges posed by the digital pose open questions whose scope can only be glimpsed, such as the relationship between drawing and the act of modelling, and the construction of new paradigms of visual language and communication. ‘Transitions’, almost implicitly, points to possible futures, the evolution of technique and the search for new modes of expression; at the same time, however, it can suggest silences and reflections in a process of connection between history, theory, criticism and construction.

This is the first interdisciplinary edited collection that examines the manifestation of social inequalities and polarisations in Britain throughout the dual crises of the Brexit vote and the Covid-19 pandemic. The volume demonstrates that Brexit and the pandemic are not self-contained events but rather are major ongoing processes that have impacted all aspects of British social and political life. Drawing on an array of empirical case studies conducted in the wake of the Brexit vote and during pandemic lockdowns, chapters trace how these processes illuminate, consolidate, and amplify existing and entrenched social inequalities and polarisations that shape the fabric of British society, including racial, ethnic, class, migrant, national, and gendered inequalities. The volume is divided into three parts centred on (a) the nation; (b) the community; and (c) the media. Each section draws on diverse analytical frameworks and methodological approaches from across the social sciences, arts, and humanities to provide empirically grounded critiques of reductive media-led narratives with the goal of accounting for and explaining the reproduction of social inequalities and emergence of polarisations in these Brexit pandemic times. In so doing, the case studies include critical analysis of lockdown novels; the speeches of political elites from across the political spectrum; ‘ordinary’ people’s everyday traditional and social media practices; as well as their opinions based on the findings of large-scale surveys and in-depth place-based ethnographic fieldwork conducted across rural, urban, and suburban areas of England. Each chapter also includes artwork by contemporary artist Helen Snell that complements, develops, and extends the book’s core themes and arguments.This collection will be insightful reading for students and academics across the social sciences, arts, and humanities (especially from the disciplines of sociology, politics, social anthropology, human geography, sociolinguistics, contemporary art, and literature) concerned with questions of social inequality and polarisation.

If the "great" mythology, the Olympian one in particular, has always been studied by scholars, the same cannot be said of the "small" mythology (a name attributed to the Grimm brothers): readily relegated to the nursery and the sphere of children, an almost universal consensus considers it to be a "sub-genre", even though it is the repository of a mythical and poetic memory that is just as precious as that of its classical "sister". The oral traditions, conveyed in particular by the tales, represent an inexhaustible breeding ground of patterns which very often join, by the structure, the themes and the meanings, the "great" mythology: the two maintain intimate relations, speak the same language, it is true with multiple variants, but with the same great heart. The main objective of the works gathered in this volume is to highlight this ancestral memory and to build bridges between the two continents of "scholarly" and "popular" culture, wrongly separated by an invisible frontier that has long been considered impervious. But a "learned" theme almost always has its "popular" counterpart, and vice versa... Si la « grande » mythologie, l’olympienne en particulier, est depuis toujours l’enfant chéri des savants et la muse des artistes, il n’en va pas de même avec la « petite » mythologie (dénomination attribuée aux frères Grimm) : volontiers reléguée dans la chambre des nourrices et la sphère des enfants, un consensus quasi ­universel la considère comme un « ­sous-genre » alors qu’en réalité, elle est dépositaire d’une mémoire mythique et poétique aussi précieuse que sa grande sœur classique. Les traditions orales, véhiculées en particulier par les contes, représentent un vivier inépuisable de motifs qui rejoignent bien souvent, par la structure, les thématiques et les signifiances, la « grande » mythologie : les deux entretiennent des relations intimes, parlent un même langage, il est vrai aux variantes multiples, mais au même grand cœur. L’objectif principal des travaux réunis dans ce volume est de porter non seulement à la lumière du jour toute cette mémoire ancestrale, mais d’établir des ponts entre les deux continents du « savant » et du « populaire », à tort séparés par une frontière invisible et longtemps considérée comme étanche : une thématique « savante » a presque toujours son pendant « populaire », et inversement.

The nursing home resident of today is old and frail. Despite such a frailty, many residents are hospitalized, often with the intention of life-extension. Furthermore, rates of hospitalization varies considerably between countries, regions and institutions, even within smaller geographical areas. Even though relating to the same structural framework and conditions, distance to hospitals for instance, some nursing homes hospitalize considerably more than others.

The debate over world literature, and the underlying questions of global interconnections in a polycentric world, has recently become very visible. Until now, however, the theoretical discussion has lacked material-based approaches to analyze the construction processes of world literature in a transparent fashion. Using Latin American literatures as an example, this volume demonstrates in a tangible way how literature circulates on a global scale.

Much of human communication occurs while people are moving, exerting themselves, or otherwise not at rest, yet speech production in such contexts has received little systematic attention. Previous studies have typically addressed respiration, phonation, or articulation separately, making it difficult to characterize changes in speech production as a whole. This book presents a multi-level investigation of speech during controlled physical activity. Combining respiratory data, acoustic analysis, and speaker reports, it examines how different exercise levels affect breathing patterns, phonation, and articulatory realization. The analyses reveal adjustments across all production levels, but no uniform production mode: individual speakers show distinct patterns of response under the same physical workload. By integrating quantitative and qualitative evidence, the book highlights the role of between-speaker variability for understanding speech behavior under real-life conditions. The findings inform models of speech production and variability, and they support a broader view of speech as a dynamically coordinated system that adapts across changing bodily states.

This book introduces formal grammar theories that play a role in current linguistic theorizing (Phrase Structure Grammar, Transformational Grammar/Government & Binding, Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar, Categorial Grammar, Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Construction Grammar, Tree Adjoining Grammar). The key assumptions are explained and it is shown how the respective theory treats arguments and adjuncts, the active/passive alternation, local reorderings, verb placement, and fronting of constituents over long distances. The analyses are explained with German as the object language.

In September 2020, researchers from Armenia, Chile, Germany and Japan met at the American University of Armenia for a virtual conference to discuss technologies with applications in smart cities, data science and information theory approaches for intelligent systems, technical challenges for intelligent environments, smart human centered computing, artificial neural networks, and deep learning. This book presents their contributions to the 2nd CODASSCA workshop on collaborative technologies and data science in artificial intelligence applications, a highly topical issue in today's computer science.

The governance of financial resources in a solidaristic key characterises, in the present age, the national systems of European countries, but it is legitimate to ask whether the same is true at the level of the European Union system. The question must be approached with attention to the two sides of the financial phenomenon: that of revenue and that of expenditure. For both profiles, therefore, it is of interest to investigate the presence of solidaristic elements, starting from the assumption of the profound diversity between systems and therefore taking into account the possibility that the rate of financial solidarity found in the supranational system is of a lower degree than the domestic one; and that the manifestations of this solidarity may take on new and original connotations, destined to add to those traditionally applied in national contexts. The aim of this contribution is therefore to develop a reflection on the ways in which financial resources are raised and spending choices are made in the European system, in order to highlight the peculiar features of the mechanisms operating there and to make an assessment of the manifestations of solidarity that can be recognised.

Iranian Armenian is the variety of spoken Armenian that was developed by Armenians in Tehran, Iran over the last few centuries. It has a substantial community of speakers in California. This variety or lect is called “Persian Armenian” [pɒɻskɒhɒjeɻen] or “Iranian Armenian” [iɻɒnɒhɒjeɻen] by members of the community. The present book is not a comprehensive grammar of the language. It occupies a gray zone between being a simple sketch versus a sizable grammar. We attempt to clarify the basic aspects of the language, such as its phoneme inventory, noticeable morphophonological processes, various inflectional paradigms, and some peculiar aspects of its syntax. We likewise provide a sample text of Iranian Armenian speech.

The most complete, nonpartisan source of information on this hot agronomic topic available today, this book brings together a diverse group of papers and data to resolve the debate between sedimentologists and soil scientists and agronomists over whether the effects of soil erosion on carbon and atmospheric CO2 is beneficial or destructive. Divided into four sections, it offers data on how soil erosion affects soil, water, and air quality. Topics include mineralization rate, inundation, sediment deposition, and global warming potential, as well as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions, and the implications of soil erosion on the global carbon cycle and carbon budget.