Humanities & Social Sciences

Fahr nicht betrunken Auto! Halte Dich (nicht) an Corona-Schutzmaßnahmen! – In den Medienöffentlichkeiten demokratischer Gesellschaften finden sich eindringliche audiovisuelle Appelle unterschiedlicher Akteur*innen, die im Namen des Gemeinwohls auf das Verhalten ihres Publikums abzielen. Das Buch entwickelt anhand solcher Social Advertisements und einer disziplinär vielseitigen theoretischen Auseinandersetzung einen diskursanalytischen Ansatz, der genuin filmisches Denken in sein Zentrum stellt und audiovisuelle Diskursformationen der Kritik zugänglich macht. An der Schwelle von Propaganda, Werbung und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit wird aus einer filmwissenschaftlichen Perspektive nach den Poetiken der Persuasion gefragt – den fiktionalen Möglichkeitsräumen, den Mensch- und Weltbildern im Spotformat. Durch umfangreiche Detailstudien eröffnet das Buch Zugänge zu drei zentralen Dimensionen von audiovisuellen Gemeinwohlappellen: der Pädagogik der negativen Zuschauergefühle, diskursprägenden Metaphern und dem Zeitschema der Prävention. Audiovisuelle Überzeugungsarbeit erscheint dabei nicht als unidirektionales rhetorisches Wirkungskalkül, sondern als Aushandlungsprozesse im Medium der filmischen Fiktion. Die Untersuchung versteht sich in dieser Reflexion medienspezifischer Aushandlungspraktiken als Beitrag zu einer interdisziplinären zeitgenössischen Öffentlichkeitsforschung. ; Fahr nicht betrunken Auto! Halte Dich (nicht) an Corona-Schutzmaßnahmen! – In den Medienöffentlichkeiten demokratischer Gesellschaften finden sich eindringliche audiovisuelle Appelle unterschiedlicher Akteur*innen, die im Namen des Gemeinwohls auf das Verhalten ihres Publikums abzielen. Das Buch entwickelt anhand solcher Social Advertisements und einer disziplinär vielseitigen theoretischen Auseinandersetzung einen diskursanalytischen Ansatz, der genuin filmisches Denken in sein Zentrum stellt und audiovisuelle Diskursformationen der Kritik zugänglich macht. An der Schwelle von Propaganda, Werbung und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit wird aus einer filmwissenschaftlichen Perspektive nach den Poetiken der Persuasion gefragt – den fiktionalen Möglichkeitsräumen, den Mensch- und Weltbildern im Spotformat. Durch umfangreiche Detailstudien eröffnet das Buch Zugänge zu drei zentralen Dimensionen von audiovisuellen Gemeinwohlappellen: der Pädagogik der negativen Zuschauergefühle, diskursprägenden Metaphern und dem Zeitschema der Prävention. Audiovisuelle Überzeugungsarbeit erscheint dabei nicht als unidirektionales rhetorisches Wirkungskalkül, sondern als Aushandlungsprozesse im Medium der filmischen Fiktion. Die Untersuchung versteht sich in dieser Reflexion medienspezifischer Aushandlungspraktiken als Beitrag zu einer interdisziplinären zeitgenössischen Öffentlichkeitsforschung. ; "Don't drink and drive!", "Respect Covid regulations!", or "Don't get the vaccine!": In the public spheres of democratic societies, there are many insistent audiovisual messages that appeal to the public in the name of the "common good". This monograph examines such social advertisements against a multi-disciplinary field of theoretical reference in order to develop a discourse-analytical approach. By analyzing films serving "mundane" purposes as cinematic forms of meaning-making, it opens up audiovisual discourse formations to aesthetic and political critique. This film studies perspective sheds new light on media practices where propaganda, advertising, and public relations intersect. What emerges through this analysis is a poetics of persuasion: a political instrumentalization of fictional worlds, with their inherent possible actions, responsibilities, and views of humanity, staged in the language of cinema. Drawing on a number of case studies, this book teases out three main elements of social advertising: the genre-specific pedagogy of negative audience feelings, cinematic metaphors that shape public media discourses, and the temporal structure of prevention. It shows that audiovisual persuasion is not a unidirectional rhetorical maneuver, but rather a process of negotiation, of shaping ideas and stances through the medium of cinematic fiction. Through this reflection of media-specific societal practices, the study contributes to the interdisciplinary research on contemporary public media spheres.

This handbook covers the technical, social and cultural history of surgery. It reflects the state of the art and suggests directions for future research. It discusses what is different and specific about the history of surgery - a manual activity with a direct impact on the patient’s body. The individual entries in the handbook function as starting points for anyone who wants to obtain up-to-date information about an area in the history of surgery for purposes of research or for general orientation. Written by 26 experts from 6 countries, the chapters discuss the essential topics of the field (such as anaesthesia, wound infection, instruments, specialization), specific domains areas (for example, cancer surgery, transplants, animals, war), but also innovative themes (women, popular culture, nursing, clinical trials) and make connections to other areas of historical research (such as the history of emotions, art, architecture, colonial history).

The Saqqaq Culture site Qeqertasussuk (2400-1400 BC) is situated in the south eastern corner of Disko Bay, West Greenland. The site was excavated between 1983 and 1987 by Qasigiannguit Museum. The stratified cultural deposits are exceptionally well preserved by permafrost and yielded hundreds of thousands of animal bones, feathers, plant remains, insect remains, wooden implements, and a wealth of other organic refuse as well as stone tools, house ruins, stone set fireplaces and other traces of habitation. In order to understand the life conditions of the inhabitants at Qeqertasussuk, a comparative survey of the historic distribution, density and availability of the living resources in the area is undertaken. This resource model is then evaluated against the paleo-environmental data. Also, comparative ethnohistorical and ethnographic data on the exploitation of the living resources in the area is presented. Subsistence and subsistence change at Qeqertasussuk is studied through a comprehensive analysis of the faunal material that consists of more than 200,000 animal bones. Quantitative methods are supplemented by detailed studies of seasonality and age composition of the hunting bag. Forty three species of animals are represented. Harp seal and ringed seal represent the most important game, but sea birds such as fulmar, Brünnich’s guillemot, and little auk also play a significant role in the subsistence economy. Fish, especially Atlantic Cod, have been caught and remains of large whales indicate that these animals were utilized, but it can not be decided whether they were actively hunted. Most of the game was taken close by the site, however finds of caribou indicate that inland caribou hunting was undertaken and that Qeqertasussuk was part of a larger subsistence-settlement-system. Several species of plants were also utilized. Temporal changes in the composition of the faunal material indicate that significant changes occur in the subsistence at Qeqertasusuk. Four phases are identified: (1) Basecamp period I (2400-2100 BC). A pioneer phase where the site is used as a year-round base camp with more than 90% of the biomass being harvested within an area of approximately 80 km2, (2) Base-camp period II (2100-1900 BC), which seems to be the period of most intensive use and where new methods (probably netting) of harp seal hunting are introduced, (3) Hunting camp period (1900-1700 BC), where the site becomes more specialized and more seasonal with a focus on spring-summer hunting for harp seals, (4) high activity period (1700-1400 BC) indications of continued heavy sea mammal hunting. The site was abandoned around 1400 BC. The causes of the abandonment of Qeqertasussuk is discussed and the impact of the general cooling around 1500 BC on key resources such as harp seal and capelin is highlighted.

In ihrer Studie untersucht Svenja Keitzel rassistische Polizeiarbeit am Beispiel der Stadt Frankfurt am Main. Dafür beleuchtet sie Forschungsdebatten zu Rassismus, zum städtischen Raum und seiner Bedeutung für die Reproduktion von gesellschaftlichen Verhältnissen sowie die Polizei aus raumtheoretischer Perspektive. Im Mittelpunkt ihrer Arbeit stehen die Perspektiven der betroffenen Personen - Schwarze Menschen, POC, migrantisch gelesene Menschen. Die Autorin erörtert die Frage, wie im Moment der Begegnung mit der Polizei rassistische Differenzierungen vermittelt werden und wie sich dadurch gesellschaftliche Ausschlüsse und Ungleichheitsverhältnisse (re-)produzieren. Unter der Maßgabe, dass Begegnungen stets räumlich sind und die soziale Produktion von Orten, Räumen und Grenzziehungen in Wechselbeziehung zur Produktion von Differenz entlang von Körpern steht, entwickelt Svenja Keitzel ihr Konzept der Geographien der Begegnung. Mit ihm können die gesellschaftliche Situiertheit, die Alltäglichkeit und Bedeutung des Raums als im Moment der Begegnung miteinander vermittelt gefasst werden: Im Moment der Begegnung werden gesellschaftliche Phänomene konkret.

In recent decades, the importance of rural lordship in the history of Italy in the late Middle Ages has been reconsidered and reassessed. On the basis of a wealth of archive documentation, this volume offers a systematic and reasoned description of the political, economic, social and cultural aspects of rural lordship in a territory located “on the borders of Italy'” the episcopal principality of Trento in the 14th and 15th centuries. From their castles scattered in the alpine valleys, at the foot of the mountains, the noble families of Trento looked increasingly towards Vienna and the Habsburg empire; in their relations with the peasant world, they set up in the 15th century balances of power destined to remain almost intact throughout the modern age, until the end of the First World War.

Die erste eingehende Betrachtung der bedeutenden Vorträge an der Kulturwissenschaftlichen Bibliothek Warburg. Die Kulturwissenschaftliche Bibliothek Warburg (KBW) wird seit vielen Jahren intensiv erforscht, das Werk Aby Warburgs in einer Studienausgabe herausgegeben. Das Interesse an seiner Bedeutung für die Wissenschaftsgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts reißt nicht ab. Umso erstaunlicher ist es, dass bislang Studien zu den an der KBW gehaltenen Vorträgen fehlten. Die von Fritz Saxl 1921 initiierten Abendvorträge spiegeln das intellektuelle Netzwerk der KBW und ihren wissenschaftlichen Anspruch wider und wurden bis 1931 in einer eigenen Reihe publiziert. Eingeladen waren wichtige Vertreter ihrer Fächer, die dennoch heute außerhalb ihrer jeweiligen Disziplinen oft in Vergessenheit geraten sind. In diesem Band werden die Vortragenden daher vorgestellt, bevor die Aufsätze sich auf das an der KBW referierte Thema konzentrieren. Gemeinsamer Bezugspunkt ist der erste in der Reihe der Vorträge, mit dem Saxl der Zuhörerschaft Warburgs Forschungsanliegen und -ansätze vorgestellt hatte. Wie nah ist der jeweilige Vortrag diesem Programm, wo setzt er sich davon ab, und welche der gedruckten Vorträge können als eine Erweiterung und Fortführung des Warburg`schen Ansatzes angesehen werden?

This book offers a transnational comparison of Sudanese diasporas and different generations of migrants in Germany and Jordan. It provides an empirically based framework to study the power dynamics that Sudanese individuals and groupings experience as they construct their life, family, and collective histories. This notion of autobiographical constructions shows that belonging among Sudanese migrants and their descendants is linked not only to their experiences and processes of remembering, but also to sociohistorical power inequalities and the intergenerational transmission of knowledge. This approach provides empirical insights into how different versions of the sociohistorically constructed past interrelate with experiences of violence.

Vor dem Hintergrund der in der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe vielerorts immer brisanter werdenden Fachkräftelücke in Deutschland deuten sich viele offene Fragen an: Wie stellt sich der gegenwärtige Fachkräftebestand dar? Wie viele Fachkräfte fehlen aktuell und künftig in Kindertageseinrichtungen? Welche Lücken offenbaren sich in anderen Feldern der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe? Welche Ausbildungspotenziale bestehen mit Blick auf die Fachkräftegewinnung? Diesen Fragen geht diese materialreiche Studie zur gesamten Kinder- und Jugendhilfe am Beispiel Nordrhein-Westfalens nach. Auf Grundlage einer datenbasierten Bestandsaufnahme zum Personal werden die aktuellen und künftigen Herausforderungen, vor denen die Kinder- und Jugendhilfe in ihrer Gesamtheit steht, aufgezeigt. Eine Vorausberechnung für den Personalbedarf in Kindertageseinrichtungen und in den stationären Hilfen zur Erziehung bis zum Jahr 2035 runden die Studie ab.

This open access edited volume shines new light on the history of propaganda and persuasion during the Nordic welfare epoch. A common analytical framework is developed that highlights transnational and transmedial perspectives rather than national or monomedial histories. The return of propaganda in contemporary debate underlines the need to historically contextualize the role and function of persuasive communication activities in the Nordic region and beyond. Building on an empirically situated approach, the chapters in this volume break new ground by covering a range of themes, from cultural diplomacy and nation branding to media materiality and information infrastructures. In doing so, the book stresses that the Nordic welfare epoch, with its associated epithet the “Nordic Model”, was built not only on governance, social security and economic productivity, but also on propaganda and persuasion.

This open access book explores cutting-edge solutions and best practices for big data and data-driven AI applications for the data-driven economy. It provides the reader with a basis for understanding how technical issues can be overcome to offer real-world solutions to major industrial areas. The book starts with an introductory chapter that provides an overview of the book by positioning the following chapters in terms of their contributions to technology frameworks which are key elements of the Big Data Value Public-Private Partnership and the upcoming Partnership on AI, Data and Robotics. The remainder of the book is then arranged in two parts. The first part “Technologies and Methods” contains horizontal contributions of technologies and methods that enable data value chains to be applied in any sector. The second part “Processes and Applications” details experience reports and lessons from using big data and data-driven approaches in processes and applications. Its chapters are co-authored with industry experts and cover domains including health, law, finance, retail, manufacturing, mobility, and smart cities. Contributions emanate from the Big Data Value Public-Private Partnership and the Big Data Value Association, which have acted as the European data community's nucleus to bring together businesses with leading researchers to harness the value of data to benefit society, business, science, and industry. The book is of interest to two primary audiences, first, undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers in various fields, including big data, data science, data engineering, and machine learning and AI. Second, practitioners and industry experts engaged in data-driven systems, software design and deployment projects who are interested in employing these advanced methods to address real-world problems.

Featuring contributions from leaders of top honors colleges across the country, this book tackles the most pressing issues facing honors administrators and universities in the twenty-first century, including the fate of the humanities, the value proposition of honors education, and selling honors to state legislatures and donors. Since their inception, honors colleges have emerged as key vehicles for strong enrollments at public research universities, significantly reducing the “brain drain” of talented students from diverse backgrounds while maintaining affordability compared to private institutions. This book explores key topics in honors, including enrollment, curriculum, student success, financing and staffing, data-driven assessment, philanthropy, and more. It highlights effective methods for measuring the impact of honors programs and communicating that impact to a wide range of stakeholders. A valuable resource for higher education administrators, scholars, and policymakers, Honors Education at Public Research Universities skillfully unpacks the two major parts of the honors equation: the how and the why. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

This book investigates the reasons behind the absence of consolidated protection concerning disaster displacement in the EU. It identifies three key reasons for this gap: The way disaster displacement – along with its causes, dynamics, actors, and the nature of harm – is conceptualized at both EU and national levels The interpretation and application of international protection statuses by asylum authorities and decision-makers, particularly in the context of disaster displacement The restrictive asylum policies increasingly implemented by the EU and its Member States, which prioritize deterrence and create significant barriers to accessing protection Through a comprehensive and detailed analysis, it sheds light on the challenges and misconceptions faced by individuals displaced across borders in the context of disasters. It offers a thorough examination of existing legislation, policies, and case law at both the national and EU levels, with a particular focus on Italy. By addressing these issues, it provides a valuable insight for academics, policymakers, and decision-makers, advocating for an evolutive approach to protection claims related to disaster displacement. It calls for the dismantling of State-led barriers to asylum, arguing that such measures are neither effective nor human rights compliant.

Global efforts to conserve nature and prevent biodiversity loss have intensified in response to planetary-scale challenges—nowhere more so than in coastal regions. Accordingly, international conservation organizations have increased their efforts to promote marine protected areas as one of the interventions to prevent biodiversity loss in global hotspots. Focusing on the human element of marine conservation and the extractive industry in Tanzania, this volume illuminates what happens when impoverished people living in underdeveloped regions of Africa are suddenly subjected to state-directed conservation and natural resource extraction projects, implemented in their landscapes of subsistence. In a Wounded Land draws on ethnographically rich case studies and vignettes collected over a ten-year period in several coastal villages on Tanzania’s southeastern border with Mozambique. In seven chapters, the book demonstrates how state power, processes of displacement and dispossession, forms of local resistance and acquiescence, environmental and social justice, and human well-being become interconnected. Written in lucid, accessible language, this is the first book that reveals the social implications of the co-presence of a marine park and a gas project at a time when internationally funded conservation initiatives and extraction projects among rural African populations are engendering rapid social transformation.

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Drawing on anthropology, historical sociology and social-epidemiology, this multidisciplinary book investigates how pharmaceuticals are produced, distributed, prescribed, (and) consumed, and regulated in order to construct a comprehensive understanding of the issues that drive (medicine) pharmaceutical markets in the Global South today. Based on primary research conducted in Benin and Ghana, and additional data collected in Cambodia and the Ivory Coast, this volume uses artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) against malaria as a central case study. It highlights the influence of the countries colonial and post-colonial history on their models for state regulation, production, and distribution, explores the determining role transnational actors as well as industries from the North but also and increasingly from the South play in influencing local pharmaceutical markets and looks at the behaviour of health care professionals and individuals. Stepping back, the authors then unpick the pharmaceuticalization process and the multiple regulations at stake by looking at the workings of, and linkages between, (biomedical health) pharmaceutical systems, (representatives of companies) industries, actors in private distribution, and consumer practices. Providing a thorough comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of different pharmaceutical systems, it is an important contribution to the literature on pharmaceutalization and the governance of medication. It is of interest to students, researchers and policy-makers interested in medical anthropology, the sociology of health and illness, global health, healthcare management and pharmacy. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429329517, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.