Humanities & Social Sciences

Drawing lessons from the intersection of literature, photography, cinema, television, dance-drama, and ethnography, this book presents a unique analysis of Indian activist thought spread over two centuries. It discusses two presuppositions of liberal individualism: personal autonomy and ethical autonomy. Besides, it argues that the ‘individual’ has been creatively indigenized in modern non-Western cultures: thinkers attentive to gender in postcolonial cultures embrace selected ethical premises of the Enlightenment and its human rights discourse while they refuse possessive individualism. Debating influential schools of postcolonial and transnational studies, the chapter provides radical argument through a rich tapestry of gender portrayals drawn from two moments of modern Indian thought: the rise of humanism in the colony and the growth of new individualism in contemporary liberalized India. From autobiographical texts by nineteenth century Bengali prostitutes, point-of-view photography, as well as women-centred dance-dramas and essays by Rabindranath Tagore to representation of Tagore's works on mainstream television, video, and stage; feminist cinema, choreography and performance by Aparna Sen and Manjusri Chaki-Sircar respectively—the book makes use of such and much more to creatively engage with empire, media, and gender.

This book introduces formal grammar theories that play a role in current linguistic theorizing (Phrase Structure Grammar, Transformational Grammar/Government & Binding, Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar, Categorial Grammar, Head-​Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Construction Grammar, Tree Adjoining Grammar). The key assumptions are explained and it is shown how the respective theory treats arguments and adjuncts, the active/passive alternation, local reorderings, verb placement, and fronting of constituents over long distances. The analyses are explained with German as the object language. The second part of the book compares these approaches with respect to their predictions regarding language acquisition and psycholinguistic plausibility. The nativism hypothesis, which assumes that humans posses genetically determined innate language-specific knowledge, is critically examined and alternative models of language acquisition are discussed. The second part then addresses controversial issues of current theory building such as the question of flat or binary branching structures being more appropriate, the question whether constructions should be treated on the phrasal or the lexical level, and the question whether abstract, non-visible entities should play a role in syntactic analyses. It is shown that the analyses suggested in the respective frameworks are often translatable into each other. The book closes with a chapter showing how properties common to all languages or to certain classes of languages can be captured.

This volume brings together the papers presented at the international symposium Rethinking Nature in Contemporary Japan: Facing the Crisis held at Ca’ Foscari University of Venice in March 2015, as the last of a three-years research project on post-Fukushima Japan funded by the Japan Foundation. The book focuses on Religion and Thought, Fine Arts, Music, Cinema, Animation and Performing Arts (Theatre and Dance), from a multidisciplinary perspective.

On ‘communism tours’ in Warsaw, Prague and Bratislava, and the staging of history in the age of mass tourism. History is increasingly being consumed as an experience. This is particularly true of historical tourism. What exactly happens when a local past is marketed to an international audience? Sabine Stach explores this question through a key form of tourism: the city tour. Using the example of the increasingly popular ‘communism tours’, she examines how the legacy of the Cold War in Warsaw, Prague and Bratislava is interpreted for tourists and staged as an authentic experience. Adopting an ethnographic perspective, the author explores the interplay between travellers, guides and urban space, demonstrating how the recent history of these various locations becomes ‘walkable’ through interactions and performative elements. By combining perspectives from memory and heritage studies with approaches from tourism research, the work sheds light on the complex relationship between local knowledge, transcultural memories, tourist needs and economic logics. The communism tours, which present state socialism in a manner that is partly humorous and partly critical, thus reveal much more than superficial entertainment: they shed light on the dynamics through which history is communicated and consumed in the age of mass tourism.

Migration; History, general; Cities, Countries, Regions; Demography

Extended Mobility for the City as a Common offers a novel framework for understanding how urban inhabitants access and experience cities. It invites readers to critically examine the ways in which stigmatization and socioeconomic barriers combine to restrict access to urban opportunities for marginalized communities. Arguing that the right to the city is inseparable from the right to mobility, this book calls for a radical shift toward a welcoming and solidary city, both in transportation systems and in the inhabitants’ destinations. This book is structured into three parts. Part I introduces the concept of “Extended Mobility,” a multidimensional framework encompassing motility, accessibility, and porosity that provides a new lens to interrogate the multifaceted nature of mobility as a social phenomenon. Part II applies this framework through a grounded ethnographic comparison of Favela da Maré in Rio de Janeiro and the San Siro housing project in Milan. These rich and detailed studies develop robust methodological tools and theoretical insights that uncover the complex mobility experiences of peripheral urban inhabitants. In the final section, leading experts in transportation and urban planning engage Extended Mobility across different global settings to critique existing policies and explore pathways toward mobility justice and a city of rights for all. By integrating structural and experiential perspectives on urban mobility, this book is an essential resource for social science researchers and urban and transportation planning scholars as well as policymakers, practitioners, and activists seeking to foster more inclusive cities and empower communities to access the full possibilities of a common urban life. Chapters 1, 4, 7, and the Introduction of this book are freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 International license.

Der schmale Band enthält alles, was bisher erreichbar ist: den Grundstock bilden Abschriften, die Freunde Vvedenskijs bewahrten und in den Westen mitgaben, hinzu kommen verstreute, oft nur auszugsweise Drucke, die bisweilen in Sekundärliteratur über Oberiu enthalten sind.

Sophie Day explores the houses that are imagined, built, repurposed, and dismantled among different communities in Ladakh, drawing attention to the ways in which houses are like and unlike people.A handful of in-depth ‘house portraits’ are selected for the insight they provide into major regional developments, based on the author’s extended engagement since 1981. Most of these houses are Buddhist and associated with the town of Leh. Drawing on both image and text, collaborative methods for assembling material show the intricate relationships between people and places over the life course. Innovative methods for recording and archiving such as ‘storyboards’ are developed to frame different views of the house. This approach raises analytical questions about the composition of life within and beyond storyboards, offering new ways to understand a region that intrigues specialists and non-specialists alike.

The article describes the history of higher education in Florence from the beginning of the twentieth century until the mid-1920s, when the ancient Institute of Higher Studies, founded in 1859, was transformed into a modern University. The development of the university institution is reconstructed through the detailed analysis of the annual reports presented by the superintendents of the Institute and making use of the unpublished documents preserved in the historical archives of the University. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of the number of enrolled students and graduates, as well as to the expansion of the training offer made possible by the opening of new faculties and new laboratories. Finally, the article focuses on some important professors, such as the physicist Antonio Garbasso who was also mayor of Florence, and the historian Gaetano Salvemini who was one of the leaders of the anti-fascist movement and, due to his political positions, in 1925 he was forced to leave the University to emigrate to the United States.

Die Konzepte für die Lehrerbildung an beruflichen Schulen für Gewerblich-Technische Fachrichtungen stehen auf dem Prüfstand. Obwohl sich alle Akteure in diesem Bereich für hochwertigen Unterricht aussprechen, existieren unterschiedliche Vorstellungen von einer adäquaten Ausbildung. Gleichzeitig fehlen Lehrkräfte für diese Gewerblich-Technischen Fachrichtungen. Der Band analysiert die Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre und die Auswirkungen der Bologna-Reform auf die Lehrerausbildung in diesem Bereich. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei die Standardisierung, Restrukturierung, Modularisierung und die Ausgestaltung der reformierten Lehrerausbildung. Darüber hinaus befassen sich die Beiträge mit dem Stellenwert von Praxisphasen sowie der Rekrutierung von Lehrkräften. Abschließend stellt der Band Studiengangsmodelle und ihre Potenziale für die Nachwuchssicherung vor.

This third volume of the letter edition documents the correspondence of the years 1734 and 1735. With his appointment as professor of logic and metaphysics and his marriage to Luise Adelgunde Victorie Kulmus, Gottsched was firmly established in Leipzig by the mid-1730s. The letters offer important insights into the development of the German Society he led (especially to the first periodical on literary studies it published), into the reception and impact of his works, including his plays, and into his translating activities.

Can people use new participatory spaces to reclaim their rights as citizens and challenge structures of political power? This book carefully examines the constraints and possibilities for participatory governance under capitalism. To understand what is at stake in the politics of participation, we need to look beyond the values commonly associated with it. Citizens face a dilemma: should they participate, even if this helps to sustain an unjust system, or not participate, thereby turning down rare opportunities to make a difference? By examining the rationale behind democratic innovation and the reasons people have for getting involved, this book provides a theory of how citizens can use new democratic spaces to challenge political boundaries. Connecting numerous international case studies and presenting original research from Rosario, Argentina, this book offers a crucial corrective to previous research. What matters most is not the design of new models of participation nor is it the supposed radical imagination of political leaders. It is whether people use new spaces for participation to renegotiate what democracy means in practice. Bridging critical urban studies and democratic theory, this book will be of interest to researchers and students in the fields of democratic innovations, political economy and urban planning. It will also provide activists and practitioners of participatory democracy with important tools to expand spaces of grassroots democracy. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a CC BY Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 International license.

In 1906, a new primer was published in the German city of Bremen: The Bremer Fibel. Its illustrations were created by Cornelis Jetses (1873-1955) one of the bestknown illustrators of teaching material in the Netherlands, his home country, in the first half of the twentieth century. This article focuses on these illustrations and shows how Jetses used his artistic skills to create images which fulfilled the demands of representatives of Reformed Pedagogy, a movement which emerged in Europe around 1900 and placed the child at the centre of education. By creating an overall design for the book that should help children develop a good aesthetic taste and by showing people, objects and situations that were part of the pupils’ everyday world, Cornelis Jetses played a part in establishing a child-oriented education in Bremen. Furthermore, this article also shows how the illustrator used artistic composition principles to create images that helped pupils to learn how to read words and decipher images.

With a focus on migrant narratives, or the storytelling about migration, this volume considers the ways in which migration is and has been shaped by individual and collective experiences of agency, belonging and community. Driven by an agenda of deep listening, each chapter presents a narrative directly derived from qualitative research, an outline of the methodological framing as well as narrative analysis. Through close attention to the narrative, its performative aspects and its ruptures and silences, authors identify patterns and material in the fabric of such telling and retelling of stories that open up new perspectives on the migrant experience. This book develops a methodology of ""dwelling with stories"" that allows for sustained and slow interrogation of the migrant experience and the accompanying decisions that shape narratives around mobility across borders. Its structure is innovative by emphasising the migrant voice and reflecting on the scholars’ positionality, while also offering new theoretical contributions that will advance the field of narrative analysis. The book will appeal to academics, students and practitioners in a wide range of subject areas within the humanities and social sciences, including anthropology, sociology, human geography, migration/refugee/diaspora studies and oral history.

This chapter adopts a historical perspective to explore how material infrastructures have structured human–animal relationships within the biomedical “animal house,” c.1945 to the present. It argues material infrastructures serve to structure the multiple values that have informed and shaped human–animal relations within the experimental biomedical sciences. By exploring how multispecies sociocultural relations performatively shape and are shaped by the physical infrastructures that make up lived relations and shared labor in the animal house and laboratory, the chapter charts how “multispecies relations” form a dynamic, situated and emergent “moral economy” wherein the moral economy cannot be separated from factors that would properly be associated with a political economy of animal-dependent experimental science.