Humanities & Social Sciences

This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Automated Deduction, CADE 29, which took place in Rome, Italy, during July 2023. The 28 full papers and 5 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 77 submissions. CADE is the major forum for the presentation of research in all aspects of automated deduction, including foundations, applications, implementations, and practical experience. The papers are organized in the following topics: Logical foundations; theory and principles; implementation and application; ATP and AI; and system descriptions.

Alltag und große Politik, Ruhm und Elend, Aufbruch und Resignation – die Briefe von Schriftstellerinnen aus den ersten Jahrzehnten des 19. Jahrhunderts umfassen ein breites Spektrum an Positionen, Gefühlen und Schicksalen. Die Beteiligung von Frauen am Literarischen nahm in dieser Zeit rasant zu. Besonders die zahlreichen Almanache und literarischen Taschenbücher vervielfachten die Möglichkeiten, als Autorin in Erscheinung zu treten. Der Partizipationsprozess begleitet eine Briefkommunikation, deren Intensität heute kaum noch vorstellbar ist. Fragen der Stoffwahl und der literarischen Gestaltung werden ebenso verhandelt wie die Auswirkungen individueller Ereignisse und das Echo der Zeitgeschichte auf die Literatur. Sowohl die napoleonischen Kriege finden Niederschlag in den Korrespondenzen als auch die Repressionen der Restaurationszeit, die Forderungen der jungen Generation des Vormärz und des Jungen Deutschland. Dass die Briefwechsel aus dieser Zeit in einzigartiger Dichte und beeindruckender Varianz in der Sammlung Varnhagen in Krakau überliefert sind, ist ein großer Glücksfall. Die in diesem Band erstmalig veröffentlichten und kommentierten Briefe machen diese Vielfalt erfahrbar.

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This open access book summarizes the findings of recent evidence-based articles (meta-analyses) on the use of positron emission tomography (PET) for various clinical indications. It is divided into five main sections, starting with an introduction to PET and meta-analysis. In turn, the second part addresses evidence-based PET in oncology, providing a broad overview of its use for different types of tumours. The remaining sections are focused on the use of PET in cardiology, in infectious and inflammatory diseases, and in neurology, respectively. Given its scope and the wealth of information it provides, the book will be an invaluable tool for clinicians with various specialties, as well as international scientific societies interested to the recent evidence-based data about PET.

Renato Simoni was a playwright, theatre critic, librettist for opera seria and opera buffa, screenwriter, speaker, author of magazines, ballets, essays, costume articles, epigrams, anacreontics and rhymed jokes, but also one of the first Italian directors. In the 1930s and 1940s, he was at the head of important installations for the Venice Biennale and the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino. Using unpublished archival documents, this volume reconstructs the portrait of a multifaceted and authoritative man of the theatre, whose artistic experience has often been neglected by historiography, and yet refers to a decisive historical moment of theatre in Italy, marked by the progressive dissolution of the chief-comedian-and-showman structure in theatrical troupes and by the need for aesthetic and productive renewal.

Durch mehrere namhafte Investitionsschiedsverfahren sind die Auswirkungen von geistigem Eigentum als Investitionen in internationalen Investitionsabkommen endlich ans Licht gekommen. Der jüngste Schiedsspruch, das einzige Schiedsverfahren mit Bezug auf Patente als Rechte am geistigen Eigentum - der Fall "Eli Lilly v. Canada" - hat einige interessante Fragen aufgeworfen. Zwei von Lilly's Patenten wurden ihm entzogen, woraufhin das Unternehmen versuchte, sie durch ein Investitionsschiedsverfahren zurückzuerhalten. Einer der von Eli Lilly vorgebrachten Ansprüche war, dass sein berechtigtes Vertrauen, ein Schutzstandard des internationalen Investitionsrechts, durch Kanada verletzt wurde. Durch die vermeintliche Nichtbeachtung seiner Pflichten aus Kapitel 17 der NAFTA soll Kanada das berechtigte Vertrauen von Eli Lilly verletzt haben. Die Dissertation soll herausarbeiten, wie die Beziehung zwischen internationalen IP-Vereinbarungen und berechtigtem Vertrauen funktioniert.

This book contains a collection of latest research developments on Organic light emitting diodes (OLED). It is a promising new research area that has received a lot of attention in recent years. Here you will find interesting reports on cutting-edge science and technology related to materials, fabrication processes, and real device applications of OLEDs. I hope that the book will lead to systematization of OLED study, creation of new research field and further promotion of OLED technology for the bright future of our society.

This book provides a comprehensive examination of data sharing within the EU, exploring the regulatory challenges and opportunities created by EU frameworks and policies. As data becomes a critical resource across sectors, EU regulators, policymakers and scholars face the urgent task of crafting frameworks that support data sharing while ensuring fairness, competition and protection of personal data. Through its chapters, the book adopts a holistic approach, analyzing data sharing from the perspectives of EU law, intellectual property, competition law, data protection and governance. It addresses the impact of recent EU legislation — including the Digital Markets Act (DMA), Digital Services Act (DSA), Data Governance Act and Data Act — on enabling or limiting data-sharing practices, particularly in the private sector. Each chapter offers policy recommendations and insights, collectively building a robust theoretical framework for responsible data sharing. This book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners and students of EU law, competition law, data protection, intellectual property and governance, offering timely insights and a nuanced exploration of the evolving EU data-sharing landscape.

nklusion steht als normatives Konzept in einem Spannungsverhältnis zum bisher selektiv verfassten Schulsystem. Lehrkräfte an sich inklusiv entwickelnden Schulen sind daher mit der Herausforderung konfrontiert, zwischen ihrer eigenen Praxis, einer inklusiven schulischen Programmatik, dem gesellschaftlichen Leistungsverständnis und der schulischen Selektionsfunktion vermitteln zu müssen. Die vorliegende Studie wirft zunächst einen systematischen Blick auf den Inklusionsdiskurs und untersucht hieran anschließend den Umgang mit diesem Spannungsverhältnis anhand von Gruppendiskussionen mit Lehrkräften an sich als inklusiv verstehenden Grundschulen. Mithilfe der Dokumentarischen Methode werden fallübergreifende Orientierungen rekonstruiert, die sich vor allem in der Verortung der Problemlösekompetenz unterscheiden. So sieht ein Teil Lehrkräfte die Verantwortung zur Lösung von Problemen, die bei der Realisierung von Inklusion entstehen, bei Externen, wie der Bildungsadministration. Andere sehen sich hingegen selbst in der Lage, die bei der Realisierung von Inklusion entstehenden Herausforderungen erfolgreich zu lösen. Bei Letzteren wird eine Parallele zu einem Teil des Inklusionsdiskurses deutlich, da Inklusion auch dort als pädagogisch lösbare Herausforderung angenommen wird. Die Arbeit zeigt diesbezüglich Anknüpfungspunkte für die weitere Entwicklung inklusiver Schulen auf. (DIPF/Orig.)

For several decades now, advanced economies across the globe have been undergoing a process of rapid transformation towards becoming knowledge economies. It is now widely recognized that intangible capital has been a crucial element in the growth performance of these economies and their firms. The term serves as a useful device for capturing those dimensions of capital that are not tangible in nature but are nevertheless fundamentally important for growth. It encompasses investments in education (human capital) and in informal (social capital) and formal (rule of law) institutions by the public sector and households, as well as investments by businesses aimed at enhancing their knowledge base, such as software, innovative property, and economic competencies. Intangible Capital and Growth is the first of two open-access volumes presenting a selection of the author's essays on Labor Productivity, Monetary Economics, and Political Economy. This first volume brings together eight of the author's essays, selected with the aim of providing an overview of his research to date on intangible capital and growth.

People with Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) have a particular sensory sensitivity, causing their surrounding environment to affect the quality of life significantly. It is called a “spectrum”, because there is a great variety of behaviours making it difficult to define universal and design criteria. These behaviours do however require a new dynamic and flexible approach, enabling the customization of the feedback to the project. Starting from the study of the specific needs of users, the environmental conditions and the design approaches, this research aims at providing innovative tools to support the design of “therapeutic” environments which could reduce the discomfort and stress related to the person’s enablement, in order to include them in the social community within an integrated life project, concerning “home”, applied living spaces (school, work, day centres...) and emergency conditions with respect to treatments.

In this book in your hands, the relationship between the textile and leather sectors, and the environment is examined from many viewpoints. The book contains many different subjects, from sustainability in the textile and leather sectors to the effect of historical textiles on human health. It will be interesting for readers from many disciplines in science.I thank all the authors contributing to the book and I hope that it will be helpful to the readers.

The first national parks in Latin America were established in Argentina, among them the Nahuel Huapi, the Iguazu Falls or the Perito Moreno Glacier. These natural reserves are established in a transnational entangled space where ideas, imaginations, people, biota and artefacts circulate. The idea of Argentinian national parks has been influenced by various approaches, ranging from the US-American parking policy to the French landscape architecture and the Prussian sustainable forestry to international debates about nature conservation. While national parks are now considered a haven of wilderness, the contemporary interpretation in the first half of the 20th century has been more open. The notion has prevailed in Argentina to perceive national parks as “genuine instruments of colonisation”. Agricultural colonization and displacement of indigenous people, comprehensive programmes for urbanization and touristification of the landscape as well as biological colonisation through salmons, deer, and Douglas firs form an integral part of the Argentinian parking policy. Thus, the connection between nature conservation and colonisation will be examined in this book by asking the following question: How do national parks work?

Nigeria has for long been regarded as the poster child for the ‘curse’ of oil wealth. Yet despite this, Nigeria achieved strong economic growth for over a decade in the 21st century, driven largely by policy reforms in non-oil sectors. This open access book argues that Nigeria’s major development challenge is not the ‘oil curse’, but rather one of achieving economic diversification beyond oil, subsistence agriculture, informal activities, and across its subnational entities. Through analysis drawing on economic data, policy documents, and interviews, Usman argues that Nigeria’s challenge of economic diversification is situated within the political setting of an unstable distribution of power among individual, group, and institutional actors. Since the turn of the century, policymaking by successive Nigerian governments has, despite superficial partisan differences, been oriented towards short-term crisis management of macroeconomic stabilization, restoring growth and selective public sector reforms. To diversify Nigeria’s economy, this book argues that successive governments must reorient towards a consistent focus on pro-productivity and pro-poor policies, alongside comprehensive civil service and security sector overhaul. These policy priorities, Nigeria’s ruling elites are belatedly acknowledging, are crucial to achieving economic transformation; a policy shift that requires a confrontation with the roots of perpetual political crisis, and an attempt to stabilize the balance of power towards equity and inclusion. The eBook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Descartes was the first to hold that, when we perceive, the representation need not resemble what it represents but should correspond to it. Descartes developed this ground-breaking, influential conception in his work on analytic geometry and then transferred it to his theory of perception. I trace the development of the idea in Descartes’ early mathematical works; his articulation of it in Rules for the Direction of the Mind; his first suggestions there to apply this kind of representation-by-correspondence in the scientific inquiry of colours; and, finally, the transfer of the idea to the theory of perception in The World.