Humanities & Social Sciences

Ralf Dahrendorf analyses in an original way the relationship between labour and active freedom within the theoretical frame of life chances. He starts from the observation that the new challenge for today's societies is how to guarantee an existential basis for people without a stable employment, since social citizenship is still rooted in the assumptions of the labour society that has lost centrality. The problem of an unequal distribution of work opportunities is evident. The result is the "decline in life chances for many". He argues that the answer can be found in the construction of a society of activity, in which work for the market is no longer pervasive of every sphere of life but leaves room for the multiple expressions of agency. The society of activity is thus configured as the structural context in which it is possible to reactivate the forms of cooperative conflict that allow the expansion of life chances.

This volume examines ways of dealing with money as social and cultural forms. Empirical examples from the discipline of European Ethnology encompass modified bank notes, regional monies, Deutschmark-nostalgia, the role of pocket money in parenting, pawned money, money gifts and remittances. In all of them, money can be read as a means of social positioning, as a way of negotiating belonging, as biographical self-emancipation and as social inclusion and exclusion. The case studies share one aim: by deconstructing economic as social practices, the economy as such can be anthropologized (Paul Rabinow), i.e. stripped off its allegedly self-evident universal claim and revealed in its culturally, socially and historically specific functions.

Der Fokus der Studie liegt auf der Analyse des Fiktionalitätsstatus von Erzählwerken in der literaturwissenschaftlichen Praxis. Im Zentrum steht die Frage nach dem Zusammenhang zwischen Fiktionalität, der Vorstellungskraft und dem Handeln von Autorinnen und Autoren sowie Leserinnen und Lesern. Dabei wird eine wechselseitige Erhellung zweier Fragen unternommen: Was ist Fiktionalität und Nichtfiktionalität? Und: Welchen Fiktionalitätsstatus haben Max Frischs Montauk (1975) und Lukas Bärfuss’ Koala (2014)? So werden Vorschläge erarbeitet und auf die Probe gestellt: eine literaturwissenschaftlich operationalisierte Definition von Fiktionalität und Nichtfiktionalität einerseits – eine Klassifikation der notorisch umstrittenen Fälle Montauk und Koala andererseits.

This book reports findings based on a largescale project on differentiated instruction across various education systems documenting evidence of its measurement, differences, changes, and links with student engagement. We document empirical findings of differentiated instruction practices in secondary education across diverse countries/education systems, covering student, teacher, school, and education system/country levels. Classroom observations and student surveys, both collected in authentic classrooms, are the core measures of inquiry used. Findings on similarities and differences in differentiated instruction practices, changes over time, links with student engagement, and the role of some personal and contextual factors, contribute to advance the knowledge base particularly in the field of teaching effectiveness, learning environments research, and differentiation in education. Findings are relevant for research, practice, and policy.

The interplay of physical reality and digital media technologies is getting enhanced by new interfaces. The age of hyper-reality turns into the age of hyper-aesthetics and immersive image technologies – like mixed reality – enable a completely novel form of interaction and user relation with the virtual image structures, the different screen technologies, and embedded physical artefacts for interaction. »Mixed Reality Images« contributes to the wide range of the hyper-aesthetic image discourse to connect the concept of mixed reality images with the approaches in modern media theory, philosophy, perceptual theory, aesthetics, computer graphics and art theory as well as the complex range of image science. This volume monitors and discusses the relation of images and technological evolution in the context of mixed reality within the perspective of an autonomous image science.

Since the dawn of humanity, people have developed concepts about themselves and the natural world in which they live. This volume aims at investigating the construction and transfer of such concepts between and within various ancient and medieval cultures. The single contributions try to answer questions concerning the sources of knowledge, the strategies of transfer and legitimation as well as the conceptual changes over time and space. After a comprehensive introduction, the volume is divided into three parts: The contributions of the first section treat various theoretical and methodological aspects. Two additional thematic sections deal with a special field of knowledge, i.e. concepts of the moon and of the end of the world in fire.

The Asian Yearbook of International Law is a major refereed publication dedicated to international law issues as seen primarily from an Asian perspective. Readership: Academics and practitioners who deal with international public law in Asia will appreciate this unique, complete resource. The Asian Yearbook of International Law provides insight into Asian views and practices, especially for non-Asian readers, and also promotes the dissemination of knowledge of international law in Asia.

Within the rich tradition of Spanish theater lies an unexplored dimension reflecting themes from classical mythology. Through close readings of selected plays from early modern and twentieth-century Spanish literature with plots or characters derived from the Greco-Roman tradition, Michael Kidd shows that the concept of desire plays a pivotal role in adapting myth to the stage in each of several historical periods. In Stages of Desire , Kidd offers a new way of looking at the theater in Spain. Reviewing the work of playwrights from Juan del Encina to Luis Riaza, he suggests that desire constitutes a central element in a large number of Greco-Roman myths and shows how dramatists have exploited this to resituate ancient narratives within their own artistic and ideological horizons. Among the works he analyzes are Timoneda's Tragicomedia llamada Filomena, Castro's Dido y Eneas , and Unamuno's Fedra . Kidd explores how seventeenth-century playwrights were constrained by the conventions of the newly formed national theater, and how in the twentieth century mythological desire was exploited by playwrights engaged in upsetting the melodramatic conventions of the entrenched bourgeois theater. He also examines the role of desire both in the demythification of prominent classical heroes during the Franco regime and in the cultural critique of institutionalized discrimination in the current democratic period. Stages of Desire is an original and broad-ranging study that highlights both change and continuity in Spanish theater. By elegantly combining theory, literary history, and close textual analysis, Kidd demonstrates both the resilience of Greco-Roman myths and the continuing vitality of the Spanish stage.

From Columbus's journal jottings about "Indios" to the image of Sacagawea on the dollar coin, from the marauding Indians portrayed in the traditional western to the appearance of Native Americans in Dances with Wolves, from cigar box caricatures to the Crazy Horse monument rising near Mt. Rushmore, Native Americans have been represented—and misrepresented—over the past five centuries. What such depictions mean—what they say, and what they do, historically, culturally, and ideologically—is the subject of this book. In Native American Representations, leading national and international critics of Native literature and culture examine images in a wide range of media from a variety of perspectives to show how depictions and distortions have reflected and shaped cross-cultural exchanges from the arrival of Europeans to today. Focusing on issues of translation, European and American perceptions of land and landscape, teaching approaches, and transatlantic encounters, the authors explore problems of appropriation and advocacy, of cultural sovereignty and respect for the "authentic" text. Most significantly, they ask the reader to consider the question: "Who controls the representation?" Illuminating and timely, the animated debates and insightful analyses in this book not only showcase some of the most provocative work being done in the field of Native Studies today, but they also set an agenda for its development in the twenty-first century.

The book offers a cultural, historical and literary study of dream narration in Chinese literature (particularly in the literary genres of xiaoshuo 小說, "petty talk" and biji 筆記, "notebook"). It considers texts from Late Imperial China (13th–19th centuries), with an emphasis on the early/mid-Qing dynasty.

In May 2004 ten new Member States joined the European Union. This enlargement has greatly increased the diversity of historic experiences and contemporary conceptions of statehood, nation-building and citizenship within the Union. In contrast with the old Member States, many of the new ones have not existed as independent states within their present borders for more than two generations. Citizenship Policies in the New Europe describes the citizenship laws in each of the ten new countries and analyses their historical background. Turkey has been added as the largest source country of immigration into the fifteen old Member States because it illustrates the increasing interaction between citizenship laws in migrant sending and receiving countries. Citizenship Policies in the New Europe complements two volumes on Acquisition and Loss of Nationality published earlier in the same series and that present comparative analyses of citizenship regulations in the fifteen old Member States. Citizenship Policies in the New Europe is part of the IMISCoe Research series. Two other publications on the same subject, "http://www.aup.nl/do.php?a=show_visitor_book&isbn=9789053569498">Acquisition and Loss of Nationality, were released earlier this year. Authors: Andrea Barová, Eugene Buttigieg, Agata Górny, Priit Järve, Zeynep Kadirbeyoglu, Mária Kovács, Kristine Kruma, Andre Liebich, Dagmar Kusá, Felicita Medved, Judit Tóth, Nikos Trimikliniotis

In The Conspiracy of the Ninth Duke of Medina Sidonia, Luis Salas offers a penetrating analysis of a plot to incite rebellion in the region of Andalusia in 1641. Had it succeeded, the plan could have caused the collapse of the Spanish Monarchy. Salas leaves no doubt that the conspiracy indeed occurred; he analyzes the plan in depth, its architects, its supporters — both in Andalusia and abroad — how it unraveled, and how the government of Philip IV of Spain managed to survive the most dramatic months of his tumultuous reign. Salas also delves into the consequences of the subsequent punishments, which affected Portugal, the balance of power in Andalusia, and Spain’s entire colonial trade.

In the last few years, many researchers have highlighted the economic and cultural impact that crafts have on the development of territories, enhancing local identities and traditions. Various researches also point to the close relationship between trade (sometimes called ‘neighbourhood’ trade), crafts and historic centres, in terms of quality of life, and socio-economic and identity development of territories, showing their new centrality to processes of urban development and regeneration and the formation of social capital. It is evident how enterprise contributes to local development through social interactions based on negotiated and open collaborations between microenterprises, community and network. It was well argued how small business (commerce, crafts and neighbourhood stores) has always played an important role as a social garrison in sparsely populated areas, allowing cities and particularly urban centres to become more lively or livable, being able to give or take away quality from the city and the territory, attributing peculiarity, security and specificity to places or trivialising them in a homogenised landscape. Among the services of social utility recognised to the artisan workshop are: the guarantee of services useful to the livability of the place, the garrisoning of territories and the development of social relations, the promotion of local identity and its know-how, and the creation of employment opportunities through modest initial availability of capital. At the same time, the worsening recessionary dynamics that have occurred in the global economy over the past two decades and the disruptive digital transition have exposed such enterprises to increasing difficulties, disruptively accentuating the decline in competitiveness and propensity to innovate of a large proportion of craft SMEs, of which the socioeconomic literature does not see significant adaptations to the changed environment, such as reconfiguring the business model, adopting a totally new strategic plan adapting to the digital transition, generational transition, and adopting innovative organisational or system behaviours. This volume presents the Venice Original E-Commerce case – a project carried out by the Venice Metropolitan CNA thanks to the support of J.P. Morgan, the support of the Venice Rovigo Chamber of Commerce and the sponsorship of the City of Venice and Ca’ Foscari University of Venice – as a reference project intervention to focus on a possible model of intervention to support culturally-valued artisan micro-enterprises, intervening on the process of strategic renewal and the conditions to foster generational turnover, understood as an opportunity to fill the gap on the digitisation of the artisan sector.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the UN in 2015 have influenced the actions of international and intergovernmental organisations and governments around the world, and have dictated priorities for international aid spending. Culture, including heritage, is often presented as fundamental to addressing the SDGs: since 2010, the United Nations has adopted no fewer than five major policy recommendations that assert its importance as a driver and enabler of development. Yet, heritage is marginalized from the Sustainable Development Goals. Rethinking Heritage for Sustainable Development constitutes a substantial and original assessment of whether and how heritage has contributed to three key dimensions of sustainable development (namely poverty reduction, gender equality and environmental sustainability) within the context of its marginalisation from the Sustainable Development Goals and from previous international development agendas. Sophia Labadi adopts a novel, inclusive, large-scale and systematic approach, providing the first comprehensive history of the international approaches on culture (including heritage) for development, from 1970 to the present day. This book is also the first to assess the negative and positive impacts of all the international projects implemented in sub-Saharan Africa by a consortium of UN organisations that aimed to provide evidence for the contribution of heritage for development in time for the negotiation of the SDGs. The book’s conclusions provide recommendations for rethinking heritage for development, while reflecting on the major shortcomings of the selected projects.

After the Russian President Mikhail Gorbačev initiated the era of Perestroika and Glasnost and thus made the archives accessible again, it was finally possible to reprint those texts that had been withheld from the public as a cultural heritage for so long, such as: the texts of the Russian religious philosophers and symbolists, which are the subject of the present work. For the first time in almost seven decades, the Russians were once again able to buy books by Vladimir Solov'ev, Vassilij Rozanov, Nikolai Berdjaev, Dmitri Merezkovsky, Zinaida Gippius - to name but a few - in their bookstores. Today, after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, these texts are unexpectedly up-to-date, as they already discuss conditions for reforming the Russian state based on concepts of a new gender ethic and gender aesthetics.