Humanities & Social Sciences

This open access book explores how to build a gender-just peace in which women’s political citizenship is foregrounded through a case study of Northern Ireland. It addresses the role that civil society can play in peacebuilding and in political life in deeply divided transitional societies. It specifically focuses on women’s groups, and, as such, studies what grassroots peacebuilding across an ethnic divide can look like in practice. Further, it analyses what it means to build a gender equal citizenship based on the lived expertise and experiences of women’s activism, political participation and interethnic cooperation during and after conflict. Based on material collected through interviews, participant observation and official documents, the book explores the potential for gender-just political citizenship but also the risk of backlash in terms of women’s rights during a transition from armed conflict to peace. Essential reading for students and researchers in Political Science, Gender Studies, Peace and Conflict Studies, and Transitional Justice.

This book sheds light on the translation of current mechanistic research on placebo effects to develop comprehensive and adequate strategies for better symptom management and treatment. This book identifies three core aspects to bridge state-of-the-art concepts with day-to-day clinical practice. First, lessons from mechanistic placebo research indicate a neurobiological basis underlying placebo effects. Second, placebo research can improve the design of clinical trials to advance drug development. Third, placebo effects can be exploited in daily clinical practice to optimize patient-clinician communication and relationships and clinical outcomes. Together, these three core aspects provide a new perspective with which to appraise the implications of Placebo Research for healthcare systems, clinicians, patients, and caregivers. New patient-centered approaches, mental health, and pain-related issues are discussed while describing technologically advanced and novel research applications that will shift current clinical practice to improve treatment outcomes.

Biopatente offenbaren oft Polypeptid- und Nukleinsäuresequencen in der Erfindungsbeschreibung. Die Ansprüche decken oft einen Homologiebereich um die offenbarte Sequenz ab, um einen umfassenderen Schutz zu bieten. Bei mangelnder Stützuhng durch die Erfindungsbeschreibung steht Homologieansprüchen jedoch eine Schwierigkeit gegenüber. Der Oberste Gerichtshof Chinas hat entschieden, dass bei Homologieansprüchen eine mangelnde Stützung vorliegt; durch eine weitere Eingrenzung nach der Ursprungsart kann diese Anforderung jedoch erfüllt werden. Die vorliegende Studie erklärt, dass die Homologie selbst der Kern solcher Konflikte sein sollte. Die Homologie beeinflusst das Vertrauen einer Fachperson in die Funktionalität unbekannter Sequenzen, und ist Teil vieler Patentierungserfordernisse. Daher ist die Einschätzung der Stützung kein isoliertes Problem. Eine Disparität verschiedener Anforderungen erzeugt eine Anforderungslücke und stellt für die Biotechnologie eine Benachteiligung dar. Ein angemessener Test für die Stützungsanforderungen wird daher geliefert, um dem technischen Beitrag einen angemessenen Schutzbereich zuzuerkennen.

The Angkorian World explores the history of Southeast Asia’s largest ancient state from the first to mid-second millennium CE. Chapters by leading scholars combine evidence from archaeology, texts, and the natural sciences to introduce the Angkorian state, describe its structure, and explain its persistence over more than six centuries. Comprehensive and accessible, this book will be an indispensable resource for anyone studying premodern Asia. The volume’s first of six sections provides historical and environmental contexts and discusses data sources and the nature of knowledge production. The next three sections examine the anthropogenic landscapes of Angkor (agrarian, urban, and hydraulic), the state institutions that shaped the Angkorian state, and the economic foundations on which Angkor operated. Part V explores Angkorian ideologies and realities, from religion and nation to identity. The volume’s last part reviews political and aesthetic Angkorian legacies in an effort to explain why the idea of Angkor remains central to its Cambodian descendants. Maps, graphics, and photographs guide readers through the content of each chapter. Chapters in this volume synthesise more than a century of work at Angkor and in the regions it influenced. The Angkorian World will satisfy students, researchers, academics, and the knowledgeable layperson who seeks to understand how this great Angkorian Empire arose and functioned in the premodern world.

Der »Raum« gehört mittlerweile zu den Grundbegriffen der Soziologie. Wie er sich konzeptionell zum Sozialen verhält und wie ein Raumdenken für Gesellschaftsanalysen und Zeitdiagnosen fruchtbar gemacht werden kann, wird immer wieder neu diskutiert. Die Beiträger*innen dieser Festschrift für Martina Löw versammeln aktuelle, interdisziplinäre Bestandsaufnahmen zur Sozialtheorie des Raumes. Sie laden dazu ein, sich auf die Suche nach den räumlichen Figuren der Gesellschaft zu machen und loten die Möglichkeiten aus, sozialen Wandel, gesellschaftliche Konflikte, Formen des Erinnerns, ökologische Entwicklungen und urbane Umstrukturierungen als eine spannungsreiche Refiguration von Räumen zu verstehen.

Mobility and networks are not just topical issues today. Graz's cultural life was already significantly influenced by these factors in the 19th century. This is illustrated by the research contributions published in this anthology, which are based on hitherto little-noticed manuscript sources, including diaries and journals.

Planung und Politik sind gefordert, den urbanen Raum an neue Wohn-, Produktions- und Bewegungsbedürfnisse, Extremwetterereignisse oder Versorgungsansprüche anzupassen. Gute Ideen dafür gibt es viele, die Wege zur Umsetzung sind allerdings steinig. Die Beiträge zeigen, wie es gehen kann: Mutige und erfolgreiche Umsetzer*innen erzählen Erfolgsgeschichten aus ihrer Berufspraxis und zeigen an Beispielen, wie gute Ideen wirksam realisiert werden können. Dabei nehmen sie verschiedene Umsetzungsinstrumente in den Blick und weisen anhand von Projekten nach, wie sie Prozesse anschieben, beflügeln, stabilisieren, strukturieren und rechtlich absichern können.

Criterial Freezing is a particular instance of freezing arising in criterial configurations, i.e., in configurations dedicated to the expression of scope-discourse properties. Recent proposals (e.g., Rizzi 2015a,b) try to deduce criterial freezing effects from more elementary ingredients of linguistic computations, most notably from the labeling algorithm proposed in Chomsky (2013). In this paper, we explore the consequences of this approach for the syntax of small clauses. This leads us to work out a cartography of small clauses, both in selected domains (as in English and Romance), and as main clauses (as in Hebrew, following Shlonsky2000). The cartography involves distinct subject positions in the structure of the IP, which are associated with distinct interpretive properties at the interface. Special attention is devoted to the syntax of small clauses with a non-verbal, pronominal copula in Hebrew. Direct and inverse copular sentences are analyzed according to the proposed structural map, and various freezing effects are traced back to the theoretical ingredients introduced at the outset.

For the first time, this volume presents a geographically and phenomenologically broad range of case studies on late medieval changes of rule, from dynastic succession to conquest by force. The focus will be on the border regions of Latin Europe, political and cultural contact zones with distinctive dynamics. By presenting examples from the Canaries to Moscow and from Sicily to Norway, late medieval Europe will be covered in all its diversity.

Vandag is die hernoeming van veral plek- en straatname om die onreg van die verlede reg te stel weer sterk op die voorgrond, en dit bly 'n kontroversiële aangeleentheid wat rolspelers en die mens op straat se belangstelling vasvang. Derhalwe is dié boek se tema en inhoud, naamlik die straatnaam-hernoemingsdebakel etlike jare gelede in Kaapstad en die meegaande politiekery op die breë front, relevant in die huidige geskiedskrywing omdat dit treffend aandui hoe so 'n kwessie kan skeefloop as dit nie met die nodige empatie teenoor alle belangstellendes en bevolkingsgroepe hanteer word nie. In hierdie geval het dit tot die uiterste gestrek deurdat bekende politieke leiers in die proses betrek is en selfs geval het. Deur inleidend 'n deeglike agtergrond van die sogenaamde straatnaam-hernoemingsfenomeen te gee, gepaardgaande met die politieke opset in Kaapstad, word die leser genoegsaam geposisioneer om die gebeure wat volg goed te begryp. Die toepaslike en treffende - soms selfs skreiende - spotprente bied sinvolle illustrasies tot die verhaal. - Dr Hannes Haasbroek, Nasionale Museum, Bloemfontein

Outsourcing has been seen as a phenomenon allowing competitive advantages for organizations, but some studies do not include the causes and consequences of this particular strategy. Consequently, the objective of this book is to fill this gap by combining several studies from different perspectives. The various chapters presented here follow several approaches, which researchers explore in different contexts. This book intends, therefore, to add to the body of knowledge about outsourcing. Furthermore, it shows how the outsourcing strategy can stimulate organizations' development in various countries and regions worldwide.

During the past few years, reproductive technology and surrogacy have emerged in a number of European countries as issues of debate. There has been a steady increase in the use of reproductive technology in the Nordic countries, as well as an increase in the use of cross-border medical treatment in order to achieve pregnancy. At the same time, a number of ethical issues have been raised concerning the rights of the participants, including the children. In the fall of 2013, the Nordic Committee on Bioethics organised a conference in Reykjavik that focused on the current situation in the Nordic countries and on the global aspects of reproductive technology and surrogacy, including the market that is emerging in this field. This conference summary highlights the main ethical issues facing researchers, policymakers and practitioners who deal with these issues.

Simultaneously speculative and inspired by everyday experiences, this volume develops an aesthetics of metabolism that offers a new perspective on the human-environment relation, one that is processual, relational, and not dependent on conscious thought. In art installations, design prototypes, and researchcreation projects that utilize air, light, or temperature to impact subjective experience the author finds aesthetic milieus that shift our awareness to the role of different sense modalities in aesthetic experience. Metabolic and atmospheric processes allow for an aesthetics besides and beyond the usually dominant visual sense.

Making a study of East Germanic iron smelting in the Roman period, this open access book gives an in-depth account of the development of metallurgy in the Przeworsk Culture. Its two main ironmaking centres – the Holy Cross Mountains and Masovia – were the largest iron production regions beyond the borders of the Roman Empire. Apart from serving local demand – where it was used for artefacts of many kinds, which are abundantly found in grave furnishings – a considerable part of Przeworsk Culture iron is likely to have been exported to other territories. Despite more than 60 years of research and scholarship on Przeworsk Culture iron metallurgy, this is the first book to carry out smelting slag and ore analyses using the most up-to-date methods available in archaeological science. More specifically, this study also applies a variety of statistical methods to the results of the elemental analyses of nearly 270 smelting slag and ore samples from its territory. Offering an overview of statistical approaches used in iron provenance studies and a detailed step-by-step research methodology, this book paves the way for future studies, including artefact provenance analyses using the latest archaeometric methods. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Research reported in this book was funded by the National Science Centre Poland. Open access was funded by Grzegorz Zabinski.

Die vorliegende Schrift stellt sich zum Ziel, die Segmentsysteme des Gegenwartsdeutschen und des Gegenwartsbulgarischen in kontrastiver Sicht zu beschreiben und aus dieser Beschreibung Konsequenzen auf Unterschiede und Übereinstimmungen sowohl im Tätigkeitsprozeß ihrer Realisierung als auch in ihrem phonologischen Status, der Distribution und Kombinatorik zu ziehen. Die beschriebene Darstellung wird nach den Grundaspekten des lautsprachlichen Kommunikationsvorgangs vorgenommen: nach dem physiologisch-genetischen, nach dem akustisch-perzeptiven und dem phonologischen.