Humanities & Social Sciences

Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der elektrischen Erfassung des mechanischen Verschleißzustands durch hochfrequente Wechselströme. Untersucht wird speziell die Annahme, dass die mit dem Verschleiß steigende Oberflächenrauheit diesen Strom dämpft und somit eine in-situ Messmöglichkeit des Verschleißzustandes ermöglicht. Zur Quantifizierung der Oberflächenrauheit wird ein neuer robuster flächenbasierter Parameter eingeführt und seine Vorteile gegenüber dem gängigen linienbasierten Parameter erläutert. In den elektrischen Messungen werden speziell Amplitude und erstmals auch die Phase der Transmissionsdämpfung eingespeister Signale im Bereich bis zu 8,5 GHz betrachtet. Es werden sowohl impedanzkontrollierte Leitungen (starr und verlitzt), als auch rudimentäre Leiter in einer speziell entwickelten Messumgebung („Messfassung“) analysiert. In der genauen Betrachtung des Versagensverhaltens von impedanzkontrollierten Leitungen wird der Schirmbruch als relevanter Verschleißmechanismus identifiziert und in die Betrachtung mit aufgenommen.

This book develops a novel account of the connections between justification, understanding, and knowledge. It lays the foundation for a more systematic and interconnected treatment of these central notions in epistemology. The author’s key move is to show first that a specific conception of doxastic justification constitutes our best point of entry into questions pertaining to a subject’s ability to secure understanding of reality. Second, that the traditional order of analysis when it comes to the connection between understanding and knowledge should be reversed: knowledge itself is best conceived of in terms of a specific type of understanding. Rational Understanding will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in epistemology and philosophy of science. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, Grimms und Vuks Ansichten über die Sprache einander gegenüberzustellen und ihre Zusammenarbeit auf dem Gebiet der serbischen Grammatik zu untersuchen. Es sollen Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede in ihren theoretischen Auffassungen festgestellt und gegenseitige Einflüsse aufgedeckt werden, die sich auch in ihrer empirischen Arbeit ausgewirkt haben.

Schools are able to make a significant contribution to students’ health and well-being . This is widely recognised by international organisations, including the World Health Organisation (WHO), UNICEF, UNESCO, the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Union for Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE). The strategies and programmes that have been implemented worldwide over the past 20 years, have in common a comprehensive approach to schools, despite their differences. They recognise the fact that all aspects of school community life play an important role in health promotion. With this type of approach, it has become clear that it is not enough to include health education in the school educational offer. If schools are to fulfil their potential in promoting the health of the younger generations, the approach must be broader. In this context, the Regional School Office assumes a coordinating role, between the institutions and the different stakeholders, to implement the policies related to the Regional Prevention Plan and to the qualitative and quantitative description of the health of all subjects belonging to the school community in order to respond with guidance and governance tools to the needs of the different categories.

When the cold war was over, a vehement discussion of the new alternatives in security policy started in almost all former Warsaw-Pact States and in the neutral and nonaligned nations, Austria and Hungary among the latter. These nations' entry into the NATO has been the pivotal question. These discussions were the subject of comparative research that was done in Hungary and Austria. The results are presented in the book "NATO, Neutrality and National Identity - the Case of Ausria and Hungary". The book does not focus on the manifold security problems that the concerned nations' joining of NATO would entail but deals with the discourses and debates on neutrality and NATO. The argumentation strategies that were applied in these discourses and debates touch on important motives of national identity and are thus creating identity. Moreover, the NATO discussion is a discussion on security policy and national identity at the same time. The authors' intention was to clarify the dimension relating to identity in the NATO discussion by analyzing the argumentation strategies that were used by the advocates and opponents of NATO membership and the reception of typical arguments in various public opinions. In many cases the argumentation strategies are based on historicizing ways of thinking which claim that there are historical reasons for choosing either of the alternatives (NATO or neutrality). In Hungary, discussions focus on the question whether Hungary is historically an organic part of Europe or whether its own identity will only materialize if the nation adopts a special course between the western and the eastern world. In Austria, the consequences of a potential renunciation of neutrality, one of the most important elements of modern Austrian identity, has been made a subject of passionate discussion. The book analyzes the issues of creating identity by discussion both from a historical-sociological standpoint and from the angle of discourse analysis. The individual chapters deal with comparative studies of the change and upheaval in the national identities in Hungary and Austria. Although these specific analyses are intended to be case studies, they allow generalizations on all of central Europe. The individual corpora (opinion surveys, political speeches, focus groups, talk-shows, newspapers), having been selected so as to ensure comparability, are subjected to a comparative and interdisciplinary analysis and interpretation. Following the introduction - problems are defined from the standpoint of history and political science - the complex discourses from focus group discussions and the outcomes of opinion surveys are presented and analyzed, and newspapers, TV talk-shows and speeches held on days of remembrance are presented applying the methods of discourse analysis. Against this backdrop a comprehensive picture of the identity discourses develops. In the introduction and concluding remarks the two editors draw theoretical and methodical conclusions for interdisciplinary and comparative studies.

Kaltmassivumformverfahren wie das Voll-Vorwärts-Fließpressen werden als ressourcen- und energieeffiziente Fertigungsmethode für metallische Bauteile eingesetzt. Inhomogene plastische Dehnungsverteilungen, die dabei typischerweise auftreten, führen jedoch zum Verbleiben von Eigenspannungen im Werkstoff, welche zu unerwünschten Effekten führen und das Ermüdungsverhalten maßgeblich beeinflussen können. Das in dieser Arbeit verfolgte Ziel ist die Erarbeitung einer Methode zur eigenspannungssensitiven Prozessauslegung. Anhand eines Referenzprozesses wurde die Eigenspannungsentstehung beim Voll-Vorwärts-Fließpressen des rostfreien Stahls X6Cr17 numerisch und experimentell untersucht. Darauf aufbauend wurden Steuer- und Störgrößen zur Eigenspannungseinstellung qualifiziert und deren Auswirkungen quantifiziert. Unter zyklisch-mechanischer Bauteilbelastung wurden verschiedene Relaxationsmuster identifiziert. Hinsichtlich der thermischen Belastung wurde ein Prozessfenster erarbeitet, innerhalb dessen stabile Eigenspannungen vorliegen. Darauf aufbauend wurde ein modellbasierter Zusammenhang zwischen der Temperatur, der Belastungsdauer und der Eigenspannungsstabilität abgeleitet. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine Beeinflussung der Betriebsfestigkeit fließgepresster Bauteile durch die Eigenspannungssteuerung bei der Umformung möglich ist. Durch eine Anpassung des Matrizendesigns konnten kostengünstig oberflächennahe Zugeigenspannungen reduziert und die Langzeitfestigkeit erhöht werden.

Vocational education and training in Germany, especially the Dual System of Vocational Education and Training, is receiving great attention and appreciation in some EU countries, not least against the background of very high youth unemployment. In empirical analyses of the close interlocking of learning and work and in theoretical foundations of educational potential, vocational and business education research provides all actors in the vocational training system with findings, arguments and impulses for further development.

The US faces a deep digital divide which cuts across both urban and rural lines, but is most marked in rural, low income, and minority communities. This book presents a multi-level governance framework which explores how local leaders use policy opportunity and community resilience to address inequity in broadband infrastructure. Cases from communities across the US are profiled to show how local and regional initiatives address the digital divide – how they harness local resources, state and federal funding, and how they navigate regulatory restrictions and financial constraints. Special attention is given to rural and Indigenous communities, where the technological, organizational, and funding challenges are greatest. The federal policy landscape for broadband is changing, and this book provides clear insights on how policy can support the people and places left behind. This book is essential for planners and those studying or working in rural development, rural studies, and community development. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 license.

How has sport education evolved since its reintegration into the Ministry of Education in 1981? One of the objectives of this book is to present a problematised assessment of the transformations of PE by questioning not only the institutional and disciplinary stakes, but also the cultural and epistemological stakes and, finally, the socio-professional dimensions of the choices made over the past forty years. Quelle évolution quantitative et qualitative de l’enseignement de l’éducation physique et sportive (EPS) depuis sa réintégration au ministère de l’Éducation nationale en 1981 ? Un des objectifs de ce nouveau volume de la collection « Sport, acteurs et représentations » est de présenter un bilan problématisé des transformations de l’enseignement de l’EPS en interrogeant les enjeux non seulement institutionnels et disciplinaires, mais aussi culturels et épistémologiques et, enfin, les dimensions socio-professionnelles des choix entrepris depuis quarante ans. Il s’agit notamment de savoir si le retour de l’EPS dans le giron de l’Éducation nationale s’apparente plutôt à une chance ou à une contrainte pour les acteurs de cette discipline considérée comme authentiquement scolaire : comment et dans quelle mesure les enseignements dispensés répondent-ils aux nécessités institutionnelles et/ou à l’évolution des « temps hypermodernes » ?

This volume illuminates human lifeways in the northern Maya lowlands prior to the rise of Chichén Itzá. This period and area have been poorly understood on their own terms, obscured by scholarly focus on the central lowland Maya kingdoms. "Before Kukulkán" is anchored in three decades of interdisciplinary research at the Classic Maya capital of Yaxuná, located at a contentious crossroads of the northern Maya lowlands. Using bioarchaeology, mortuary archaeology, and culturally sensitive mainstream archaeology, the authors create an in-depth regional understanding while also laying out broader ways of learning about the Maya past. Part 1 examines ancient lifeways among the Maya at Yaxuná, while part 2 explores different meanings of dying and cycling at the settlement and beyond: ancestral practices, royal entombment and desecration, and human sacrifice. The authors close with a discussion of the last years of occupation at Yaxuná and the role of Chichén Itzá in the abandonment of this urban center. "Before Kukulkán" provides a cohesive synthesis of the evolving roles and collective identities of locals and foreigners at the settlement and their involvement in the region’s trajectory. Theoretically informed and contextualized discussions offer unique glimpses of everyday life and death in the socially fluid Maya city. These findings, in conjunction with other documented series of skeletal remains from this region, provide a nuanced picture of the social and biocultural dynamics that operated successfully for centuries before the arrival of the Itzá.

The history of Louisiana from slavery until the Civil Rights Act of 1964 shows that unique influences within the state were responsible for a distinctive political and social culture. In New Orleans, the most populous city in the state, this was reflected in the conflict that arose on segregated streetcars that ran throughout the crescent city. This study chronologically surveys segregation on the streetcars from the antebellum period in which black stereotypes and justification for segregation were formed. It follows the political and social motivation for segregation through reconstruction to the integration of the streetcars and the white resistance in the 1950s while examining the changing political and social climate that evolved over the segregation era. It considers the shifting nature of white supremacy that took hold in New Orleans after the Civil War and how this came to be played out daily, in public, on the streetcars. The paternalistic nature of white supremacy is considered and how this was gradually replaced with an unassailable white supremacist atmosphere that often restricted the actions of whites, as well as blacks, and the effect that this had on urban transport. Streetcars became the 'theatres' for black resistance throughout the era and this survey considers the symbolic part they played in civil rights up to the present day.

This is the first collection to examine the legal dynamics of deinstitutionalisation. It considers the extent to which some contemporary laws, policies and practices affecting people with disabilities are moving towards the promised end point of enhanced social and political participation in the community, while others may instead reinstate, continue or legitimate historical practices associated with this population's institutionalisation. Bringing together 20 contributors from the UK, Canada, Australia, Spain and Indonesia, the book speaks to overarching themes of segregation and inequality, interlocking forms of oppression and rights-based advancements in law, policy and practice. Ultimately this collection brings forth the possibilities, limits and contradictions in the roles of law and policy in processes of institutionalisation and deinstitutionalisation, and directs us towards a more nuanced and sustained scholarly and political engagement with these issues.

This book examines the Babylonian backgroundof melothesia, the science of charting zodiac influences on the human body, which transformed older divination by connecting astrology with medical techniques. Special attention is given to a text from late-5th-century Uruk, which is argued to be an important representative of this new approach to the healing arts, previously only known from Greek and medieval astrology.

"Examining materials from early modern and contemporary North India and Pakistan, Tellings and Texts brings together seventeen first-rate papers on the relations between written and oral texts, their performance, and the musical traditions these performances have entailed. The contributions from some of the best scholars in the field cover a wide range of literary genres and social and cultural contexts across the region. The texts and practices are contextualized in relation to the broader social and political background in which they emerged, showing how religious affiliations, caste dynamics and political concerns played a role in shaping social identities as well as aesthetic sensibilities. By doing so this book sheds light into theoretical issues of more general significance, such as textual versus oral norms; the features of oral performance and improvisation; the role of the text in performance; the aesthetics and social dimension of performance; the significance of space in performance history and important considerations on repertoires of story-telling. Tellings and Texts is essential reading for anyone with an interest in South Asian culture and, more generally, in the theory and practice of oral literature, performance and story-telling."

Mit Blick auf die berufliche Orientierung Jugendlicher bietet dieses Open-Access-Buch eine systematische, theoriegeleitete und empirische Analyse heterogener Unterstützungsbedarfe und ihrer vielfältigen Ursachen. Die Bedeutung regelmäßiger Bedarfs- und Entwicklungsdiagnostik sowie einer systematischen Verzahnung einzelner Elemente beruflicher Orientierung im schulischen Kontext wird eindrucksvoll anhand heterogener und gleichzeitig diskontinuierlicher Entwicklungsverläufe verdeutlicht. Die Autorin weist zudem auf Konsequenzen für rahmengebende Berufsorientierungsprogramme, die Konzeption berufsorientierender Maßnahmen sowie für die Planung und Umsetzung schulinterner Konzepte hin.