Humanities & Social Sciences

"This book will tell all you need to know about British English spelling. It’s a reference work intended for anyone interested in the English language, especially those who teach it, whatever the age or mother tongue of their students. It will be particularly useful to those wishing to produce well-designed materials for teaching initial literacy via phonics, for teaching English as a foreign or second language, and for teacher training. English spelling is notoriously complicated and difficult to learn; it is correctly described as much less regular and predictable than any other alphabetic orthography. However, there is more regularity in the English spelling system than is generally appreciated. This book provides, for the first time, a thorough account of the whole complex system. It does so by describing how phonemes relate to graphemes and vice versa. It enables searches for particular words, so that one can easily find, not the meanings or pronunciations of words, but the other words with which those with unusual phoneme-grapheme/grapheme-phoneme correspondences keep company. Other unique features of this book include teacher-friendly lists of correspondences and various regularities not described by previous authorities, for example the strong tendency for the letter-name vowel phonemes (the names of the letters ) to be spelt with those single letters in non-final syllables."

Professional fishery plays a crucial role in the development of the Tuscan economy. Currently, this sector involves more than 1500 people and 583 boats, producing around 11000 tonnes/year of seafood products. Fishery in Tuscany is a multifaceted sector with a solid cultural baseline that over the years has changed its own relationship with the sea. In the last decade, fishermen and consumers have become aware of dangers that threaten the marine environment and in particular fish stocks. For this reason, fishermen and their associations, assisted by fishery biologists, have decreased fishing effort and invested in other activities to integrate their income. Fishing tourism, for example, is a diversification of fishing activities and represent a sustainable activity for artisanal fishermen, combining environmental protection, maritime culture, an alternative profitability and a connection between fisheries and tourism. There are currently 47 active fishing tourism licenses distributed along the entire Tuscany coast (including islands), mainly concentrated in the ports of Livorno and Viareggio. These are principally small-medium sized boats operating with passive gear followed by trawlers. From interviews carried out with fishermen, fishing tourism is considered an important activity to reduce fishing effort without compromising income and to create new opportunities and networks.

Leben und Werk des Kroaten Juraj Križanić (1618 Obrh - 1683 Wien) sind in der slavistischen Forschung Anlaß für zahlreiche Untersuchungen und Beiträge gewesen. Während die biographischen Daten und seine Ideen zum Panslavismus (geäußert in seinen politischen Schriften, besonders in der ' Politika') kaum noch Stoff für neue Erkenntnisse größeren Umfangs bieten, scheint eine ausführlichere Beschäftigung mit den sprachwissenschaftlichen/grammatikalischen Werken noch notwendig, d.h. mit der hier neu abgedruckten Grammatik aus dem Jahre 1666.

Histories of voice are often written as accounts of greatness: great statesmen, grands discours, famous singers. But for most, life consists of private conversations, intimate whispers, hot gossip or ceaseless quarrels. The volume suggests an extended practice of eavesdropping: it listens in on more mundane aspects of vocality - who speaks, whose voices resound in history - while questioning the modern equation between speech and representation.

The frontiers of extraction are expanding rapidly, driven by a growing demand for minerals and metals that is often motivated by sustainability considerations. Two volumes of International Development Policy are dedicated to the paradoxes and futures of green extractivism, with analyses of experiences from five continents. In this, the second of the two volumes, the 22 authors, using different conceptual approaches and in different empirical contexts, demonstrate the alarming obduracy of the logic of extractivism, even - and perhaps especially - in the growing support for the so-called green transition. The authors highlight the complex and enduring legacies of resource extraction and the urgent need to move beyond extractive models of development towards alternative pathways that prioritise social justice, environmental sustainability, democratic governance and the well-being of both humans and non-humans. They also caution us against the assumption that anti-extraction is anti-extractivist, that post-extraction is post-extractivism, and they critically attune us to the systemic nature of extractivism in ways that both connect and transcend any particular site or scale. This volume accompanies IDP 15, The Lives of Extraction: Identities, Communities, and the Politics of Place.

In the first two decades of the Cold War, Australia fought in three conflicts and prepared to fight in a possible wider conflagration in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. In Korea, Malaya and Borneo, Australian forces encountered new types of warfare, integrated new equipment and ideas, and were part of the longest continual overseas deployments in Australia's history. Working closely with its allies, Australia also trained for a large conventional war in Southeast Asia, while a significant percentage of the defence force guarded the Papua New Guinea–Indonesian border. At home, the Defence organisation grappled with new threats and military expansion, while the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation defended the nation from domestic and foreign threats. This book examines this crucial part of Australia’s security history, so often overlooked as merely a precursor to the Vietnam War. It addresses key questions such as how did Australia achieve its security goals at home and in the region in this new Cold War environment? What were the experiences of the services, units and individuals serving in Southeast Asia? How did this period shape Australia’s defence for years to come?

Moderne Gesellschaften, so die gemeinsame These der Hauptakteure der Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie (ANT), entwickeln ein Programm der strikten Unterscheidung zwischen den Bereichen Natur und Gesellschaft, das den Bereich der Natur von der sozialen Verantwortung ausklammert. Nun aber stelle sich heraus, dass diese Grenzziehung immer Fiktion gewesen sei, die Grenze zwischen Natur und Gesellschaft beginne zu verschwimmen, die Natur als vom Sozialen geschiedener Bereich scheine zu verschwinden. Welche Konsequenzen hat dies mit Blick auf ökologische Probleme? Was bedeutet das für die Umweltsoziologie? Welche diesbezüglichen Potenziale eröffnet die ANT?

Reconfigurable beam steering using circular disc microstrip patch antenna with a ring slot is proposed. The overall dimension of the antenna is 5.4 × 5.4 mm2 printed on 0.504 mm thick, RT5870 substrate with relative permittivity 2.3 and loss tangent 0.0012. The designed antenna operates at the expected 60 GHz 5G frequency band with a central coaxial probe feed. Two NMOS switches are utilized to generate three different beam patterns. Activating each switch individually results in a 70° shift in the main beam direction with constant frequency characteristics. The power gain is 3.9–4.8 dB in the three states of switch configurations. Simulated results in terms of return loss, peak gains and radiation pattern are presented and show good performance at the expected 60 GHz band for 5G applications.

This volume analyses cultural perceptions of safety and security that have shaped modern European societies. The articles present a wide range of topics, from feelings of unsafety generated by early modern fake news to safety issues related to twentieth-century drug use in public space. The volume demonstrates how ‘safety’ is not just a social or biological condition to pursue but also a historical and cultural construct. In philosophical terms, safety can be interpreted in different ways, referring to security, certainty or trust. What does feeling safe and thinking about a safe society mean to various groups of people over time? The articles in this volume are bound by their joint effort to take a constructionist approach to emotional expressions, artistic representations, literary narratives and political discourses of (un)safety and their impact on modern European society

"The Monastery Rules discusses the position of monks and monasteries in pre-1950s Tibetan Buddhist societies. Using the monastic guidelines (bca’ yig) as primary sources, this book examines the impact of Buddhist monastic institutions on Tibetan societies by looking at their monastic policies that deal with organization, economy, justice, and public relations. As this type of literature has not been studied in any detail, this is also an exploration of this genre, its parallels in other Buddhist cultures, its connection to the Vinaya, and its value as socio-historical source-material. The monastic guidelines are witness to certain socio-economic changes, but also contain rules that aim to change the monastery in order to preserve it. Throughout, the textual materials are supplemented with important information gained via oral history methods. This monograph demonstrates how, and to what extent, the Tibetan monastery was guided by Buddhist monastic law, and argues that Buddhist ethics, as they are understood today, played hardly any role. Still, this study argues that the monastic institutions’ influence on society was maintained not merely due to prevailing power-relations, but also because of certain deep-rooted Buddhist beliefs."

Taboos are not a new phenomenon. Yet, taboos change over time as social customs change, discard old taboos, and create new ones. What does not change, however, is how taboos regulate the way in which we live together in different communities and how they influence our behaviours. Notwithstanding the ubiquity of all sorts of taboos in daily life, many of them do not seem to find their way into foreign language classrooms easily. This is particularly surprising if we consider the growing importance of critical language pedagogy approaches to foreign language learning. Despite relevant efforts there, teachers, pre-service teachers, and learners often appear to feel discomfort as conversations about controversial issues such as mental illnesses, disabilities, racism, conspiracy theories, violence, and gender unfold. Consequently, classroom materials as well as suitable approaches to these issues in foreign language learning are needed. Taking this as a starting point, this introductory chapter argues for the integration of taboos and controversial topics into the foreign language classroom. It first investigates the concept of critical pedagogy in general and critical (foreign) language pedagogy more specifically. It then discusses taboos in the context of critical language pedagogy, arguing that despite numerous challenges, the foreign language classroom provides the perfect space for discussing some controversial topics with students—primarily by exploring a variety of different texts dealing with taboos instead of personalising a topic, which would be more common in communicative approaches. The chapter closes with a practical framework that provides suggestions for handling taboos in foreign language education.

The production, distribution, and perception of moving images are undergoing a radical transformation. Ever-faster computers, digital technology, and microelectronic are joining forces to produce advanced audiovision -the media vanishing point of the 20th century. Very little will remain unchanged. The classic institutions for the mediation of film - cinema and television - are revealed to be no more than interludes in the broader history of the audiovisual media. This book interprets these changes not simply as a cultural loss but also as a challenge: the new audiovisions have to be confronted squarely to make strategic intervention possible. Audiovisions provides a historical underpinning for this active approach. Spanning 100 years, from the end of the 19th to the end of the 20th century, it reconstructs the complex genesis of cinema and television as historically relative - and thus finite - cultural forms, focussing on the dynamics and tension in the interaction between the apparatus and its uses. The book is also a plea for 'staying power' in studies of cultural technology and technological culture of film. Essayistic in style, it dispenses with complicated cross references and, instead, is structured around distinct historical phases. Montages of images and text provide supplemental information, contrast, and comment.

This book presents an original thesis about the notion of sensory experience and of the mind’s architecture, which is grounded in current trends in cognitive science and philosophy of mind. Presented in the form of a dialogue, the book explores some of the psychological and philosophical consequences that the author derives from his proposal.

Der deutsche Theaterbetrieb befindet sich im Krisenmodus. Intransparenz, Missmanagement und Machtmissbrauch deuten auf Probleme in den Informations- und Entscheidungsstrukturen hin. Wie aber funktioniert die Kommunikation im Theater? Wie werden Informationen zwischen Mitarbeiter*innen, Abteilungen und Sparten ausgetauscht? Und welche Mechanismen liegen diesem Austausch zu Grunde? Ellen Heidelberger untersucht die Informations- und Wissensnetzwerke in Theatern. Mit der Methode der sozialen Netzwerkanalyse macht sie die inneren Strukturen der Zusammenarbeit sichtbar und zeigt, wie die Zukunftsfähigkeit von Theaterorganisationen gestärkt werden kann.

This book advocates for a paradigm shift in education through Transformative-Emancipatory Pedagogy (TEP)—a dynamic framework grounded in humanistic, humanizing, and decolonial philosophies. TEP promotes holistic, inclusive, and experiential learning, with a focus on personal and societal transformation. Initially developed to address controversial and sensitive topics in diverse social science classrooms, TEP reimagines education for an increasingly diverse and interconnected world. By harnessing learners' diverse knowledge and perspectives, TEP fosters critical thinking and active citizenship. More than a framework for inclusion, TEP enriches education by empowering learners to engage with complex social issues, preparing them to navigate and shape the world with empathy, agency, and a commitment to social justice. This is an open access book. Publisher’s Note (License Correction): An earlier version of this title displayed incorrect license information. The correct license is Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The current online and downloadable versions reflect the updated license.