Education & Pedagogy

In spite of advances in recognising that girls and boys, and women and men, do not have to be bounded by traditional roles, gender stereotypes persist in education and beyond. Children and youth are affected by gender stereotypes from the early ages, with parental, school, teacher and peer factors influencing the way students internalise their gender identities. As such, not only is intervening in pre-primary education necessary, but also measures at the primary and secondary levels are key to eradicate gender stereotypes and promote gender equality. Based on the analytical framework developed by the OECD Strength through Diversity project, this paper provides an overview of gender stereotyping in education, with some illustrations of policies and practices in place across OECD countries, with a focus on curriculum arrangements, capacity-building strategies and school-level interventions in primary and secondary education.

We estimate the education and earnings returns to enrolling in technical two-year degree programs at community colleges in Missouri. A unique feature of the Missouri context is the presence of a highly-regarded, nationally-ranked technical college: State Technical College of Missouri (State Tech). Compared to enrolling in a non-technical community college program, we find that enrolling in a technical program at State Tech greatly increases students' likelihoods of graduation and earnings. In contrast, there is no evidence that technical education programs at other Missouri community colleges increase graduation rates, and our estimates of the earnings impacts of these other programs are much smaller than for State Tech. Our findings exemplify the importance of institutional differences in driving the efficacy of technical education and suggest great potential for high-quality programs to improve student outcomes.

With eight years to go before the goal of the Education 2030 Agenda are due to be achieved, Africa continent is still facing many different challenges in the education and training sector. Which priorities should we, the Africa Office of the International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP), as a privileged partner of ministries in charge of education and training, focus on to maximize the impact of our action? To mark the twentieth anniversary of IIEP-UNESCO Dakar, we wanted to share our insights. Our findings are based on evidence from over 50 education sector analyses conducted since 2001 in partnership with African countries. This approach has enabled us to identify the lowest common denominator of the challenges we are facing today: the five education challenges in Africa. In line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda, these themes now guide our actions and our strategic direction.

This report examines findings from the 2020 PACE/USC Rossier poll of California voters. The poll represents the views of 2,000 registered California voters across a range of topics from early childhood education to higher education. Based on these results, the authors have identified five key findings: (1) There is growing pessimism about the direction of California and its public schools; (2) Voters have strong concerns about both gun violence in schools and the affordability of higher education and prioritize K-12 and higher education over early childhood; (3) Voters express negative opinions about higher education, especially the fairness of private college admissions; (4) Voters support an increase in educational spending and multiple approaches to paying for that spending; and (5) Voters are concerned about teacher shortages and are strongly in favor of increasing teacher salaries.

Although initially utilized in business and industrial environments, quality management systems can be adapted into higher education to assess and improve an institution's standards. These strategies are now playing a vital role in educational areas such as teaching, learning, and institutional-level practices. However, quality management tools and models must be adapted to fit with the culture of higher education. "Quality Management Implementation in Higher Education: Practices, Models, and Case Studies" is a pivotal reference source that explores the challenges and solutions of designing quality management models in the current educational culture. Featuring research on topics such as Lean Six Sigma, distance education, and student supervision, this book is ideally designed for school board members, administrators, deans, policymakers, stakeholders, professors, graduate students, education professionals, and researchers seeking current research on the applications and success factors of quality management systems in various facets of higher education.

This article provides an analysis of the difficulties and barriers deaf and hard of hearing individuals face during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. In a pandemic situation, apart from the economy, education is also largely affected. In the past few months, many disabled and non-disabled pupils and university students were taken by complete surprise by the immense changes in the education sector and mainly by the innovations introduced, especially in the lower education grades, which resulted in considerable implications, despite the positive response they received. In these trying times humanity is experiencing, the difficulties that deaf and hard of hearing individuals have to face were exacerbated, perpetuating their marginalisation.

Special education and related services began in Nigeria, the most populous nation of Black people in the world, only a couple of decades ago courtesy of the efforts of missionaries from Europe and America. Although the government took over the responsibility of providing special education and related services to individuals in the late 1970s, evidence indicates that the provision of these services is beset by numerous formidable obstacles such as the absence of supporting laws, inadequacies in funding of services, inclusion programs, early identification and intervention services, personnel training programs, facilities, and educational materials. This chapter discusses these issues and focuses on current ways to improve the provision of meaningful special education and related services for people with disabilities in Nigeria. [For the complete volume, "Special Education International Perspectives: Practices across the Globe. Advances in Special Education. Volume 28," see ED608105.]

This chapter describes the current state of special education in Israel as well as what the future holds with possible solutions to improve services for individuals with disabilities. Israel is a very complex society and, as such, the educational system is very complex as well. The development of the special education system in Israel will be described as well as the current policies. In addition, different service delivery models will be explained. Inclusionary practices in Israel will be discussed as well as the prevalence and incidence rates of different disabilities in Israel and how they have changed over time. Finally, different strategies and models for implementation of services will be described and the importance of teacher training to meet student needs will be highlighted. [For the complete volume, "Special Education International Perspectives: Practices across the Globe. Advances in Special Education. Volume 28," see ED608105.]

This report presents data on public elementary and secondary education revenues and expenditures at the local education agency (LEA) or school district level for fiscal year (FY) 2017. Specifically, this report includes the following types of school district finance data: (1) revenue, current expenditure, and capital outlay expenditure totals; (2) revenues by source; (3) current expenditures by function and object; and (4) revenues and current expenditures per pupil. The finance data used in this report are from the School District Finance Survey (F-33), a component of the Common Core of Data (CCD). The CCD is the primary National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) database on public elementary and secondary education in the United States.

Education can play an important role in making European societies fairer and more inclusive. To accomplish this, education systems must ensure that all young people are able to develop their talents and achieve their full potential regardless of their background. However, socio-economic background continues to be a strong determinant of student attainment: underperformance, leaving education or training early, and social exclusion are still very real dangers for some students. The on-going COVID-19 crisis reinforces the case for improving equity in education as the shift to distance learning and the loss of teaching time bring increased challenges for disadvantaged students and are likely to compound existing inequalities.

Ultimately concerned with how citizenship education for peace can be enriched through interdisciplinary learning, this edited volume reveals the role of peace education in global citizenship by illuminating instruction for comprehensive citizenship. A truly international collection, this volume offers timely insights from countries including Argentina, Mexico, Spain, Canada, Bangaldesh, Korea, Zimbabwe, and Timor Leste as it provides critical, in-depth analyses of peace-oriented instruction in formal and informal settings. The text illustrates how citizenship can be effectively developed on both a global and a local level, and discusses the practical learning opportunities that can enact change through schools, nongovernmental organizations, and community-wide civic actions with children, youth, adults, and families. This text will appeal to academics and researchers involved in the field of international and comparative education and will be of interest to educators and school leaders concerned with the role citizenship plays in the context of teaching and learning.

This document traverses through a series of genealogical stories that span close to a century to provide context to higher learning, education, and development. The stories of elders help us re-member their dreams, re-frame the process for growth, and re-imagine the possibilities for development at the self, organizational, and community levels. Grounded in a community context, the authors present the history of people, place, and work as they learn to become more effective educators. [The American Association of Hispanics in Higher Education (AAHHE) each year commissions scholarly papers that are presented at the annual national conference and are published in the "Journal of Hispanic Higher Education," an AAHHE partner. A version of this article was published in "Journal of Hispanic Higher Education" (EJ1206507).]

This document contains Illinois' State Plan for Adult Education and Family Literacy under Title II of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 for July 1, 1999, through June 30, 2015. The plan is comprised of the following sections: (1) Eligible agency certifications and assurances; (2) Description of the steps to ensure direct and equitable access; (3) Integration with other adult education and training activities; (4) Strategies for providing services to target populations; (5) Needs assessment; (6) Description of adult education and literacy activities; (7) Performance measures; (8) Procedures and process of funding eligible providers; (9) Annual evaluation of adult education and literacy activities; (10) Public participation and comment; (11) Descriptions of programs for corrections education and institutionalized individuals; and (12) State leadership activities.

One of the recommendations of the Third International Congress on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) held in Shanghai in 2012 was to explore the possibility of developing international guidelines on quality assurance for the recognition of qualifications based on learning outcomes. Following this recommendation, UNESCO Bangkok conducted a regional study to examine quality assurance mechanisms supporting the qualification process in 13 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. This report, "Towards Quality Assurance of Technical and Vocational Education and Training," features the results of that study, providing information to help Member States optimize quality assurance mechanisms for TVET qualifications, and respond more effectively to both national and international needs and developments. [The research and the production of this report were made possible through funding support from the Government of Malaysia via the Malaysia Funds-in-Trust (MFIT), under the Malaysia-UNESCO Cooperation Programme (MUCP).]

This policy brief, "Developing Holistic Indicators to Promote the Internationalization of Higher Education in the Asia-Pacific," was developed in response to the growing importance and expansion of the internationalization of higher education in the region. The internationalization of higher education is an important part of SDG4.3 to improve access and quality in higher education, and remains an integral part of other global goals by promoting cross-cultural understanding and tolerance. In order to promote and monitor internationalization policies and practices of higher education in Asia-Pacific, the new policy brief explores holistic indicators to encompass diverse dimensions of internationalization at system and institutional levels. This policy brief will help users better understand and adapt indicators for use in their local contexts towards the promotion of the internationalization of higher education in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond.