Education & Pedagogy

Between 2018 and 2022, 23 foreign higher education institutions established a campus in Uzbekistan, resulting in it becoming the nation with the third largest number of international branch campuses globally, behind China and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The purpose of this research is to understand the Uzbek government's and foreign institutions' rationales for engaging with transnational education (TNE) in Uzbekistan, as well as the founding and operational challenges, and the early outcomes. The data used in this study were obtained primarily from a range of expert stakeholders, who have expert and up-to-date knowledge on the development and operation of TNE institutions in Uzbekistan. Guided by our participants' views and the secondary data examined, an optimistic outlook is anticipated for higher education development in Uzbekistan. The paper concludes with sets of recommendations for local policy makers, TNE institutions, and host countries aspiring to elevate their higher education through TNE.

This paper analyses how 'criticality' is negotiated in the global policy frameworks on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and re-conceptualised in Vietnamese ESD policymaking. Taking the context of Viet Nam, this paper reflects on what constitutes criticality in education in the light of cultural and historical contexts of the education systems. The comparative perspective helps explore whether (1) universal or decontextualised 'criticality' exists or (2) whether 'criticality' is culturally negotiated based on the premise that educational imaginaries of societal formation and transformation are historically and contextually embedded and contingent. In addition, this paper connects the ongoing debate on the critical potential of ESD within the field of environmental education (EE) research to comparative education research by highlighting both what a comparative perspective might offer to EE research and what recent developments in EE research might contribute to comparative education research.

This article aims to unpack global-local dynamics in education drawing on the cases of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and ASEAN Citizenship Education in Cambodia. By analysing recent education strategies and policies, curriculum framework, and textbooks, this paper unveils (a) to what extent have ESD and ASEAN citizenship been incorporated in education plans and policies, as well as curriculum and textbooks, (b) what changes are there in the discourses around each norm over time; and (c) how has the ministry appropriated these two norms similarly and differently to fit its agenda. These two cases highlight the fact that nation-(re)building has been, and still is, the key development agenda in post-Khmer Rouge Cambodia, and this agenda works as a filter through which transnational norms are interpreted and appropriated. A comparison between the two cases also highlights that the ministry strategically utilises time to achieve their best interests.

Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University is a non-profit public institution of higher education located in the city of Nakhon Sawan, Thailand was founded in 1922. The Faculty of Education has been organizing teaching and learning to produce computer teachers for more than 10 years and namely the major was changed according to presented technology and development. The purpose of this research was to develop a Bachelor of Education curriculum in Computer and Industrial Education in the Sandbox format with the concept of competency-based curriculum development and guidelines for the implementation of the Thai Qualifications Framework for Higher Education. Researchers used both qualitative and quantitative research methodology in conduct the research. Using Mean and Standard Deviation to describing the data was used. The results of this research show the consistent of curriculum development and detailing in this paper. Thus, the result of this paper is part of the whole completed work.

There is an increasing trend toward regionalization as higher education adapts to openness and globalization. In response, East African countries formed networks and partnerships that strengthened business, higher education, student and staff mobility, and research. This is because regionalization is embedded in East Africa's economy, politics, culture, and social norms. In addition, regionalization is influenced by internationalization and globalization. It promises development opportunities, although challenges are inevitable. This paper examines the contributions of regional student mobility to East Africa's development. We use neoliberal and world systems theories to illuminate the advantages and disadvantages of regionalizing higher education and explain how partner states can maximize opportunities and minimize challenges. Data was collected through convenience sampling of two hundred international students and two staff members in international students' offices. Data analysis revealed that the regionalization of East African higher education reflects historical power relations; it has benefits though founded on inequalities.

This article presents various benefits of golf instruction and teaching resources for enhancing pre-service and in-service physical education teachers' common content knowledge for performing and teaching golf games and skills in physical education. Golf has become more popular since the pandemic due to golf courses being a safe space for social distancing. With the surging interest in the sport and the many physical, health, cognitive and social benefits golf can provide, physical education teachers might consider including golf in the school physical education curriculum. There are limited resources specifically designed for developing physical education teachers' common content knowledge to teach golf to children and youths in schools. With relevant teaching resources and learning opportunities, physical education teachers may decide to include golf in their curriculum. This article presents a common content knowledge packet, including facility and equipment lists, the game rules, etiquette and safety rules, the critical elements of swing techniques, and possible assessment test items for measuring student understanding.

This literature review article is dedicated to the issues and notion of multilingualism, particularly in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is a multiethnic country where more than 130 different ethnic groups reside. At present, a fast multilingual advancement is taking place in Kazakhstan. The study explores the origins and definitions of multilingualism, the role of multilingualism in the development of the Kazakhstani education system, and the models of multilingual education in Kazakhstan. Different approaches and definitions in terms of multilingualism and the performance and implementation of multilingual education are presented. The development of multilingual education in the Kazakhstani educational system plays a pivotal role and it is rapidly developing. The implementation of multilingual education in this country aims at integrating and internationalization of Kazakhstan to the world's educational and scientific societies. Multilingualism is also widespread in some of the European countries. Several approaches related to the multilingualism and multilingual education are indicated in this article. This paper introduces the challenges and suggestions of diverse alternatives of multilingual education in Kazakhstani higher education institutions.

Globalization of education is widely contested in the current academic discussion due to its polarizing effects on the economy, society, and culture. Globalization and colonization have several commonalities because the origin of globalization can be traced to the colonial era. The privatization of education has also emerged with globalization. Applying a post-colonial critique and analysis, this paper will discuss how globalization is a colonial legacy that transforms Western educational policies in developing countries like Pakistan and how it creates Westernization, supremacy, and marginalization of teachers and students (Spring, 2008). Pakistan was formerly the colonized region of united India under Great Britain's empire. Globalization in education policies are rapidly changing the current educational landscape in several countries including Pakistan. The advancement of global forces enhanced standardization and privatization in the education system of Pakistan which has increased educational inequity along with the loss of indigenous language and culture. The post-colonial and indigenous scholarship in education will offer better frameworks of equitable access to quality education for all.

This study examined kindergarten teachers' attitudes toward and confidence with implementing integrated STEM education in early childhood classroom settings. Data were collected through a self-report survey completed by 430 kindergarten teachers across China, as well as face-to-face interviews with 14 teachers from six provinces. The results revealed that the participating kindergarten teachers tended to have positive attitudes toward early childhood STEM education. However, the majority of the kindergarten teachers were not confident with implementing STEM education in their classroom settings. Regional differences were evident in the data: Kindergarten teachers from eastern region of China reported a higher level of confidence than teachers from central and western regions. Moreover, kindergarten teachers' years of teaching experience and level of education were not found to be associated with their attitudes toward or confidence with STEM education. This paper concludes with a discussion of the potential challenges for STEM education in Chinese kindergartens based on the findings from this study. Implications and suggestions for future research are proposed.

Discussion about the need for professionalization has accompanied the development of informal education from its very early stages. Some people believe informal education is staffed by temporary players whose main value derived in part from the fact that their work embodies the principles of altruism, hence they need no professional training. In contrast, others believe that work in this field is complex, hence appropriate training settings should be set up for those working in informal education as well. The aim of this research was to evaluate the perception of formal education by informal education educators. The research methodology is qualitative; it employs a structured interview of the participants and a semiotic analysis of pictures that participants were asked to provide that they felt represented the formal education system. The main findings of the semiotic analysis clearly show that the pictures chosen raise connotations of rigidity, emptiness, loneliness, sadness, insufficiency and boredom. Those images are strongly connected to the debate of recruiting resourceful and capable teachers to formal education systems in the era of accountability.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the digital competence of teachers on the use of YouTube as a didactic resource in the teaching and learning process of students. Specifically, this was analyzed and compared for each educational stage (Preschool Education, Primary Education, Secondary Education, Adult Education, and Vocational Education-VET) between genders of the teacher (female and male). For this, an ex post facto non-experimental design was used, with a sample of 2157 in-service teachers from all over Spain. Among the main results found in this study, teachers of all educational stages had satisfactory skills on the use of YouTube to search and communicate information, although low in relation to the creation of audio-visual material through YouTube. In addition, it was evidenced how gender was a significant factor which affected the competencies of teachers, in most of the educational stages analyzed.

Health education (HE) curricula across Canada are developed by individual provinces/territories, enabling curriculum documents to be responsive to regional needs. However, this autonomy prevents Canadian teachers (and students) from having access to a consistent collection of curriculum competencies/outcomes. Without national HE curriculum competencies/outcomes, it is nearly impossible to design curricula that adhere to any shared "global" curriculum agendas. Given this, Physical and Health Education Canada (PHE Canada) recently developed and released the "Canadian Competencies for Physical and Health Education (CPHE Competencies)." Within the "CPHE Competencies" are core HE competencies/outcome themes that are meant to be exemplars for education systems (K-12) across the nation. In this milieu, we have recognised a need to provide an overview and analysis of HE curricula across Canada. Our overview and analysis consider the following: allocated time for teaching and learning HE; age/contemporary relevance of HE curricula; and alignment with the "CPHE Competencies."

This research explores teachers' perceptions of inclusive education training (a collaborative mentorship programme). The research involved 90 general teachers of inclusive elementary schools who had attended inclusive education training organized by the education office in collaboration with a university in Bogor District, West Java, Indonesia. The data were collected through Google Forms and analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show three main themes: relevance, new knowledge and hope. The results of the training had a positive impact on teachers. Inclusive education training aims to improve the implementation of inclusive education in elementary schools and must be carried out continuously. The training has also increased teachers' competence and independence to develop instructional systems in inclusive classrooms. The mentoring program for inclusive elementary schools through training activities is a program that must be implemented continuously by all stakeholders including the government and universities in order to improve the quality of inclusive education in Indonesia.

In a challenging world, the spotlight on children's wellbeing has strengthened. There is extensive research about the ways in which well-designed arts education programs positively impact children's wellbeing. Despite this, arts education continues to be marginalised in schools. When researchers with arts education and leadership experience teamed up to consider the intransient nature of the resistance to arts education in primary/elementary schools, they conducted a collaborative autoethnography (CAE) to see if this offered new insights. The iterative process of sharing and interrogating personal stories to distil collective meanings (themes) highlighted four features of education programs that provide sustained support for children's wellbeing: centering in a discordant world; effective leadership; experiential processes, engagement, and trust; and harnessing the transformative potential of the arts. The CAE also pointed the team towards conducting future inquiries about the currently under-researched role of the school principal in instigating cultural change that sustains meaningful arts education.

This study aims to explore the perspectives of resource room teachers (RRTs) on their role transformation from regular education teachers to special educators and its influencing factors. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 RRTs from inclusive education schools in Beijing, China. This study found that the RRTs have experienced three stages of role transformation moving from confusion by the new job to conflict among multiple expectations and then to being professionalised as special educators with self-determination. They struggled with multiple roles, felt marginalised and deprofessionalised, and were dominated by a categorical perspective serving students with special educational needs. Moreover, clearly authorised full-time positions, professionalisation, administrative support, and attitudes towards inclusive education were found to be key determinants in RRTs' successful role transformation. The present study concludes that RRTs should be empowered with clear expectations of their roles and responsibilities to lead inclusive education practices in schools and guarantee a stable professional status via sustainable training.