Economics & Development

Peer-reviewed, openly licensed college textbook Principles Managerial Accounting published by OpenStax (Rice University).

Peer-reviewed, openly licensed college textbook Principles Financial Accounting published by OpenStax (Rice University).

Peer-reviewed, openly licensed college textbook Introduction Business (2e Edition) published by OpenStax (Rice University).

Peer-reviewed, openly licensed college textbook Introduction Business published by OpenStax (Rice University).

Peer-reviewed, openly licensed college textbook Business Law I Essentials (2e Edition) published by OpenStax (Rice University).

Peer-reviewed, openly licensed college textbook Business Law I Essentials published by OpenStax (Rice University).

Peer-reviewed, openly licensed college textbook Business Ethics published by OpenStax (Rice University).

This document outlines the procurement plan for the Regional Climate Resilience Program for Eastern and Southern Africa 2 Project (RCRP2) in Malawi. It details project-related administrative and sector activities associated with rural development, public administration, and resource management.

On September 30, 2026, the Executive Directors approved on an absence-of-objection basis the recommendation set out in paragraph 6 of the Memorandum of the President (MOP) dated September 24, 2026 concerning the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) review of the Financial Intermediary Fund (FIF) for Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness, and Response, known as the Pandemic Fund. The approval formalized the proposed approach and actions related to the GAO review as articulated in the MOP, reflecting the World Bank Group’s governance processes for oversight and accountability of FIF operations supporting global pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response.

The development objective of the Tanzania Roads to Inclusion and Socioeconomic Opportunities (RISE) Project for United Republic of Tanzania is to improve rural road connectivity, generate jobs, strengthen road management capacity and support emergency response in selected areas, incorporating community engagement approaches. The additional financing is requested to replenish resources reallocated to the Contingent Emergency Response Component (CERC) that was activated to address the 2023 to 2024 El Niño floods and Cyclone Hidaya, thereby closing a financing gap and enabling continuation of activities toward the development objective; it also underpins an 18‑month extension of the closing date and an updated results framework, including adoption of corporate indicators for more and better‑paid jobs and people benefiting from climate‑resilient infrastructure. The Bank will continue supporting rural roads development and maintenance through upgrades of regional and district roads, bottleneck removal, and scaling of community based routine maintenance implemented by the Tanzania National Roads Agency (TANROADS) and the Tanzania Rural and Urban Roads Agency (TARURA), while advancing institutional strengthening and human capital development such as a National District Roads Plan, climate resilience strategy and guidelines, digital systems, and road safety enhancements. Community engagement, inclusion, and protection measures will further embed proactive stakeholder engagement, gender and youth inclusion, life‑skills for maintenance groups, and strengthened grievance redress mechanisms, alongside project management and monitoring and evaluation using geo‑enabled tools. The CERC has already restored critical links through six resilient bridge and culvert interventions in Lindi, and the restoration of critical connectivity component is progressing with prioritized regional and district packages across multiple regions to address climate‑related disruptions. The project intends to deliver climate‑resilient designs, including wider bridge spans, enlarged culverts, higher hydraulic capacities, and erosion and slope stabilization, aligned with the Nationally Determined Contributions and National Adaptation Plan, while maintaining compliance with the Environmental and Social Framework and sustaining substantial risk management. With no change to scope, design, or implementation arrangements, the additional financing will restore resources to continue delivering rural connectivity improvements, more and better‑paid job equivalents, stronger road asset management, and timely emergency response, guided by a time‑bound implementation plan and extended schedule to complete works and achieve end‑of‑project targets.

The development objective of the National Community Initiatives Project for the Kyrgyz Republic is to improve access to climate-resilient socio-economic infrastructure and increase economic opportunities for women and youth in target communities. The additional financing responds to continued demand for local infrastructure and livelihoods support, extends the established community-driven platform, and advances the Government’s regional and territorial reform agenda by expanding geographic coverage to 21 new subdistricts and scaling up economic inclusion, while further institutionalizing inclusive and participatory local development planning. The Bank will work in three areas aligned with the parent project: first, expanding climate-resilient socio-economic infrastructure through participatory selection and design of investments in education, health, water supply, roads, and energy, embedding adaptation and mitigation measures and strengthening local integration of climate risk information into Socio-Economic Development Programs; second, deepening local economic development and livelihoods for women and youth in 24 subdistricts by financing community-level economic facilities linked to viable value chains, providing entrepreneurship and employability skills, connecting beneficiaries and local businesses to markets and finance, supporting climate-smart production and processing, and strengthening the care economy through establishment or upgrading of private childcare facilities; and third, continuing project management, monitoring and evaluation, fiduciary and environmental and social compliance, and citizen engagement, including a robust grievance mechanism and the maintained contingent emergency response component. The project intends to accomplish increased access to climate-resilient infrastructure across an expanded set of communities, strengthened local government capacity to use participatory and transparent planning and budgeting tools, greater women’s participation in decision making, more and better jobs through integrated pathways from skills and productive inclusion to enterprise creation and employment, and improved economic resilience of households, particularly women and youth, through climate-aware livelihoods and childcare solutions, with results tracked through revised targets and corporate results indicators including people benefiting from climate-resilient infrastructure, beneficiaries of economic inclusion programs, people benefiting from actions to expand women’s participation in decision making, and a more and better jobs indicator.

This document contains official legal and advisory documentation concerning the Reimbursable Advisory Services Agreement between the Rostartup Ecosystem Association and the IBRD for Romania. It outlines terms related to industry, trade, services, and social protection.

This official document details Amendment No. 2 to the loan agreement for Loan 9166-EG, covering aspects related to public administration, urban transport, and waste management. It serves as an official legal record concerning the specified loan project.

This document is an audited financial statement regarding the transformation of healthcare through reform and investments in efficiency in Ukraine, categorized under energy generation and health.

The development objective of the Dar Es Salaam Metropolitan Development Project Phase 2 for Tanzania is to improve climate resilient urban infrastructure and services and strengthen institutional capacity in the Dar es Salaam Region and to provide immediate and effective response to an eligible crisis or emergency. The additional financing is proposed to replenish resources reallocated to the Contingent Emergency Response Component triggered in September 2024 to address the 2023–2024 floods and Cyclone Hidaya, thereby closing the financing gap created by the emergency response and enabling the continuation of core activities and achievement of the updated results framework. The Bank will continue working in three principal areas: first, climate‑smart priority infrastructure that addresses flooding and congestion through resilient transport and drainage systems, energy‑efficient street lighting, parks and public spaces, area‑based urban regeneration, and improvements to markets and bus stands; second, integrated solid waste management through the development of sanitary landfills, waste transfer stations, facilities for sorting, recycling and composting, closure of dumpsites, and establishment of an intermunicipal solid waste management institution to ensure safe and sustainable metropolitan services; and third, strengthening urban institutions via service improvement plans, enhanced urban and emergency planning, improved municipal finance and asset management, digitized core data for property and service management, and citizen feedback platforms, supported by targeted capacity building and project management. The project intends to deliver measurable outcomes including beneficiaries with access to improved urban infrastructure designed using climate information and tools, increased shares of collected waste treated or disposed under sanitary conditions, and reduced flood risk for residents through expanded linear drainage and protected flood‑prone areas. The emergency response results are reflected in restored road and bridge connections in flood‑affected councils through works such as reconstruction of bridges and culverts, stormwater drainage improvements, embankment raising and protection, slope stabilization, and upgrading of flood‑prone road sections to rigid pavements to maintain connectivity during extreme rainfall. The results framework is updated to capture restored connectivity, more and better‑paid job equivalents, expanded non‑motorized transport, safer project roads with reduced traffic fatalities, energy and resource efficient buildings, and improved institutional performance, including establishment of the metropolitan solid waste institution and increased coverage of emergency communications. The additional financing does not change components, implementation arrangements, safeguards, or closing date, and ensures that the project can complete priority investments and institutional reforms necessary to meet the development objectives and sustain climate resilience gains in Dar es Salaam.