Economics & Development

Ratings of the Assam Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project for India were as follows: outcome was moderately satisfactory; Bank performance was satisfactory; monitoring and evaluation quality was modest. Investment promotion requires sustained aftercare and institutional alignment, and future operations should embed investor facilitation within the Department of Industries and Commerce, advance Ease of Doing Business reforms, and provide end‑to‑end handholding to convert commitments into real investments. Value‑centric market strengthening is more effective than creating entirely new channels; improving and formalizing existing channels through quality assurance, testing, and standardized packaging can raise prices, while over‑diversification dilutes management attention, so projects should maintain strategic discipline by prioritizing value chains with clear scale, comparative advantage, and transformative potential. Complex equity instruments need regulatory stability and longer implementation horizons; teams should assess ecosystem readiness and sequence financial instruments by starting with credit, blended finance, or guarantees before transitioning to equity structures, allowing sufficient time for fund setup and capital mobilization. Foundational infrastructure and technologies should be embedded within permanent public systems to sustain impact; formal integration of climate‑resilient technologies into official packages of practices and targeted investments in critical assets such as feed testing laboratories, brood banks, and expanded dairy processing capacity create the institutional and technical backbone necessary for lasting sector transformation.

This study was commissioned to conduct a diagnostic evaluation of enrollment levels in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education, as well as the quality of training (especially development of employability skills) at the secondary education level in Ghana, with the intent of informing priority policy recommendations and opportunities for strategic investment. Specifically, the goal was to assess the state of STEM education in general and technical education at the secondary level in terms of student enrollment and performance, quality of teachers, curricula, and labor market alignment, infrastructure, and existing STEM-related policies. In addition, the study aimed to identify the gaps in STEM and digital education in Ghana’s general and technical secondary schools. The methodology of the study involved a desk study, literature review, primary data collection through surveys, in-person consultations and interviews, and conducting a skills gap analysis, which evaluated key areas affecting the effectiveness of STEM and Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). The literature review focused on education, including enrollment, curriculum, teaching quality, infrastructure, policy, and skills alignment.