Unconditional Lower Bounds for the Fredman--Khachiyan Algorithms for Monotone Boolean Duality Testing

Overview & Synopsis

We prove unconditional lower bounds on the number of recursive calls made by the two algorithms of Fredman and Khachiyan (1996) for monotone Boolean duality testing, as a function of the explicit input size $N$. For Algorithm A we show a lower bound of $N^{Ω(\log N)}$ on the dual pairs $(\HH_k,\LL_k)$ obtained from the read-once family of Gurvich and Khachiyan. The proof lower-bounds the number of leaves of every binary decision tree computing the function by the modulus of its multilinear polynomial evaluated at a complex point of the unit circle. It therefore applies to every choice of branching variables and, more generally, to the class of two-child variable-restriction procedures whose terminal calls have polynomially bounded decision-tree complexity. On this family the number of calls is exactly $N^{Θ(\log N)}$. For Algorithm B, a symmetric specialization of the polynomial padding construction of Kobayashi, Kurita, and Wasa, with full polynomial blocks, yields at least $q^{(t-1)k-t(t-1)/2}$ calls, where $k=4t^2$ and $q=Θ(t^2)$; as a function of $N$ this is $N^{Ω(\sqrt{\log N/\log\log N})}$ along an infinite family. In an appendix we show that applying the padding construction directly to Algorithm A gives $Ω(2^n)$ calls on a dual pair obtained from an unsatisfiable $n$-variable formula, which is only $N^{Ω(\sqrt{\log N/\log\log N})}$ in terms of the input size. No complexity-theoretic assumption is used. The proofs allow every branching-variable choice permitted by the respective algorithm. They concern the original recursive procedures, counting every invocation separately, without sharing calls or adding positive stopping tests.