Unifying Amplitude-Phase Coupling and Reliable Endogenous Priors for Low-Light Image Enhancement

Overview & Synopsis

Frequency-domain methods have shown strong potential for low-light image enhancement (LLIE) because they can effectively regulate global illumination. However, most existing methods assume that amplitude and phase can be restored independently, while overlooking their inherent spectral coupling. This artificial decoupling often leads to information inconsistency and structural distortions. To address this issue, we propose a frequency-spatial framework that jointly models spectral interaction and reliable prior guidance. We first empirically analyze the coupling between amplitude and phase and develop an Amplitude-Phase Adaptive Compensation Fusion (APACF) module. Instead of enforcing a hard separation between the two components, APACF enables their bidirectional interaction, resulting in spectrally coherent restoration. In addition, directly extracting priors from raw low-light inputs is unreliable, since severe noise and underexposure destroy critical visual content. To alleviate this problem, we introduce an Endogenous Reliability Prior (ERP). Specifically, we treat an intermediate result, preliminarily restored in the frequency domain and already close to the ground-truth illumination, as a high-fidelity source for extracting complementary pseudo-infrared and gradient cues. Based on ERP, we further design a Dual-Modal Guided Refinement Network (DGRN) to inject these purified structural cues into the decoder, thereby recovering missing fine textures more accurately. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance and consistently surpasses existing methods in both quantitative metrics and visual quality. Our code is available at https://github.com/bywlzts/Amplitude-Phase-Coupling-Net.