Keys to Energy-Efficient Shipping

Overview & Synopsis

This report assesses how energy efficiency measures can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and operational costs in global shipping. Drawing on a fleet-wide analysis across key vessel segments (bulk carriers, container ships, and tankers), it quantifies the untapped potential of technical and operational efficiency measures through to 2050. Findings show that improved energy efficiency can cut global shipping’s GHG emissions by up to about 40 percent by 2030, exceeding current IMO interim targets, while simultaneously lowering fuel and transport costs. Roughly half of these potential GHG savings by 2030 pay for themselves, offering savings of up to $220 billion annually in fuel costs as green fuel supply chains develop, and helping contain fuel price volatility. The report highlights the role of short-term operational measures (such as forms of port call and speed optimization) and medium-term technical innovations (for example, wind-assisted propulsion) in achieving substantial efficiency gains. It identifies persistent economic, behavioral, and organizational barriers to implementation and discusses them in two case studies, namely on port call optimization and wind-assisted propulsion, showcasing innovative approaches for overcoming these barriers. Finally, the report offers targeted recommendations for policymakers, industry, ports, and financiers to accelerate the adoption of energy efficiency solutions at scale.