Well-Being and Labor Market Outcomes of Refugees in Malaysia : Insights from the HARMONY Survey

Overview & Synopsis

This report examines the socioeconomic conditions of refugees and asylum seekers in Malaysia, where 191,710 individuals were registered with UNHCR as of July 2024. Despite being allowed to remain in the country on humanitarian grounds, refugees face significant challenges due to the absence of a formal refugee policy, including restricted access to legal employment, education, social protection, and financial services. The report highlights ongoing policy discussions regarding refugees’ right to work and the potential contribution of refugees to addressing labor market needs. Drawing on findings from the Hosts and Refugees in the Malaysian Economy (HARMONY) Survey, the study provides the first systematic comparison of refugee and host community households in Malaysia. Conducted between December 2023 and April 2024 across Johor, Pulau Pinang, Selangor, and Kuala Lumpur, the survey assesses refugees’ human capital, employment conditions, and economic well-being. The report offers evidence to inform policies aimed at improving refugees’ access to productive and decent work while strengthening understanding of the socioeconomic relationships between refugee and host communities.