Science & Mathematics

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Метаболический синдром («синдром X») — одна из самых сложных медицинских и социальных проблем современности. Широкая распространенность синдрома, его тесная связь с образом жизни и крайне высокая смертность от его последствий требуют объединения усилий врачей разных специальностей, а также органов здравоохранения для своевременного выявления этого синдрома и проведения комплексных профилактических и лечебных мероприятий. За последние 20 лет многочисленные исследования выявили ведущую роль инсулинорезистентности в патогенезе ряда заболеваний, в частности атеросклероза, ожирения, инсулиннезависимого сахарного диабета (ИНСД) и артериальной гипертензии. В 2018 году Г. Ривен выделил центральную роль инсулинорезистентности в развитии метаболического синдрома и перечислил его основные компоненты, среди которых компенсаторная гиперинсулинемия, нарушение толерантности к глюкозе (НТГ) или ИНСД, висцеральное ожирение, артериальная гипертензия и дислипидемия (гипертриглицеридемия, снижение уровня холестерина липопротеинов высокой плотности – ЛПВП), а также нарушения свертывающей системы крови.

Genus Conilepia Hampson, 1900: 219Type species: Oeonistis nigricosta Leech, 1889

Pholcus changli Yao sp. nov.MaterialsType status: Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Zhiyuan Yao, Jinglin Li and Meichen Yan; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: D9CE08FE-6B45-5A66-B374-0D7C19672401; Taxon: order: Araneae; family: Pholcidae; genus: Pholcus; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Hebei; municipality: Qinhuangdao; locality: Changli County; verbatimLocality: Jieshishan Scenic Spot; verbatimElevation: 117 m a. s. l.; verbatimLatitude: 39°44.72'N; verbatimLongitude: 119°8.61'E; Event: samplingProtocol: by hand; year: 2024; month: 7; day: 20; Record Level: institutionCode: SYNU-Ar 00443Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Zhiyuan Yao, Jinglin Li and Meichen Yan; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: B3E810DE-1AC9-5713-9992-6BDF9C89511D; Taxon: order: Araneae; family: Pholcidae; genus: Pholcus; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Hebei; municipality: Qinhuangdao; locality: Changli County; verbatimLocality: Jieshishan Scenic Spot; verbatimElevation: 117 m a. s. l.; verbatimLatitude: 39°44.72'N; verbatimLongitude: 119°8.61'E; Event: samplingProtocol: by hand; year: 2024; month: 7; day: 20; Record Level: institutionCode: SYNU-Ar 00444DescriptionMale (holotype): Total length 6.00 (6.28 with clypeus), carapace 1.70 long, 2.13 wide, opisthosoma 4.30 long, 1.72 wide. Leg I: 52.33 (12.82, 0.86, 13.14, 22.37, 3.14), leg II: 32.63 (9.20, 0.79, 8.08, 12.76, 1.80), leg III: 23.44 (6.79, 0.75, 5.51, 9.04, 1.35), leg IV: 31.66 (9.17, 0.75, 7.90, 12.18, 1.66); tibia I L / d: 69. Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.30, PME 0.15, PME – ALE 0.05, AME – AME 0.05, AME 0.11. Sternum width / length: 1.27 / 1.09. Habitus as in Fig. 3 E and F. Carapace yellowish, with brown radiating marks and marginal brown bands; ocular area yellowish, with median and lateral brown bands; clypeus yellowish, with brown marks; sternum brown. Legs yellowish, but dark brown on patellae and whitish on distal parts of femora and tibiae, with darker rings on subdistal parts of femora and proximal and subdistal parts of tibiae. Opisthosoma yellowish, with dorsal and lateral brown spots. Chelicerae with pair of proximo-lateral apophyses (pa in Fig. 3 D), pair of distal apophyses (da in Fig. 3 D) without teeth, pair of frontal apophyses (fa in Fig. 3 D) and several small median cones (arrow in Fig. 3 D). Palps as in Fig. 2 A and B; trochanter with retrolaterally strongly bulged ventral apophysis; femur with retrolatero-proximal protrusion (arrow in Fig. 2 B) and indistinct ventral protrusion; tibia with prolatero-ventral protrusion; procursus simple proximally, but complex distally, with prolatero-subdistal apophysis (arrow 1 in Fig. 2 C) bearing proximally membranous part, curved dorso-distal apophysis (arrow 2 in Fig. 2 C), ventro-subdistal membranous process (arrow 3 in Fig. 2 C) and three dorsal spines (arrows in Fig. 2 D); uncus with scales and latero-median protrusion (arrow in Fig. 3 C); appendix hooked, with swollen subdistal branch (a in Fig. 3 C); embolus slightly sclerotised, with transparent distal projections (e in Fig. 3 C). Retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia I at 5 % proximally; legs with short vertical setae on tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi; tarsus I with 33 distinct pseudosegments.Female (paratype, SYNU-Ar 00444): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. 3 G and H. Total length 5.66 (5.85 with clypeus), carapace 1.66 long, 2.00 wide, opisthosoma 4.00 long, 1.60 wide; tibia I: 9.25; tibia I L / d: 46. Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.26, PME 0.16, PME – ALE 0.05, AME – AME 0.06, AME 0.08. Sternum width / length: 1.16 / 0.80. Clypeus brown. Epigyne strongly sclerotised, anchor-shaped, with wedge-shaped knob (kn in Fig. 3 A). Vulva with curved, dorsally sclerotised and ventrally membranous anterior arch (aa in Fig. 3 B) and pair of nearly elliptic pore plates (3 × longer than wide, pp in Fig. 3 B).DiagnosisThe species resembles P. bajia Lu, Yao & He, 2022 (Lu et al. 2022 a: 4, figs. 2 A – D and 3 A – H) by having similar male chelicerae (Fig. 3 D), but can be distinguished by dorso-distal apophysis of procursus distally curved (arrow 2 in Fig. 2 C vs. distally straight), by uncus latero-medially protruding (arrow in Fig. 3 C vs. prolatero-medially protruding), by appendix with sclerotised subdistal branch (a in Fig. 3 C vs. membranous subdistal branch), by epigynal knob approximately 4 / 5 length of epigynal plate (kn in Fig. 3 A vs. 1 / 2) and by vulval pore plates 3 × longer than wide (pp in Fig. 3 B vs. 1.5 ×).EtymologyThe specific name refers to the type locality; noun in apposition.DistributionChina (Hebei, type locality; Fig. 1).BiologyUnderside of overhang on rocky cliffs in the mountain area (Fig. 1).

Cossmannea desvoidyi (d’Orbigny, 1850)pl. 1: figs 1–3 in Gründel et al. (2022)2022 – Cossmannea desvoidyi (d’Orbigny, 1851) – Gründel, Keupp, Lang and Nützel: 181, pl. 1, figs 1–3 (here more chresonymy and synonymy).Material.2 fragments, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1878 –1879, one large specimen 18 cm high, 5.5 cm wide: SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1.Remarks.This species has a very pronounced abapical siphonal canal.

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.

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