Open Access Books

Brigands dissimulés dans les forêts, guettant les voyageurs qui s’attardent à la tombée du jour ; hommes hirsutes, le visage barbouillé de noir et armes au poing, mais aussi chouans en Vendée, Bretagne ou dans les montagnes du Massif central, autant de silhouettes inquiétantes qui ont marqué les contemporains de Robespierre. La Révolution française n’a pas engendré le brigandage, qui existe depuis la haute Antiquité, mais elle a été marquée par une poussée fiévreuse de cette forme de délinquance depuis la Grande Peur de l’été 1789. À partir de 1793, le refus de la conscription militaire a jeté une partie de la jeunesse dans les bras de ces rebelles. Les difficultés économiques et sociales ou encore les affrontements politiques ont aussi contribué à l’aggravation du phénomène. Le brigandage est devenu un mal absolu sous le Directoire puis sous le Consulat, en un temps où la restauration de l’ordre devenait une priorité politique. Mais qui étaient ces « brigands » ? Des délinquants de droit commun s’attaquant aux voyageurs et aux propriétés, violents jusqu’à la barbarie envers leurs victimes ? De pauvres gens, jetés sur les routes par la misère ? Des opposants politiques qui rejetaient brutalement les idées de la Révolution et les ruptures sociales qui en découlaient ? Ce livre fournit des pistes pour mieux appréhender les différentes formes de criminalité et de violence que recouvre le phénomène du brigandage. Entre Mandrin, brigand populaire du milieu du XVIIIe siècle, contrebandier défiant l’État, et les bandes de royalistes assassinant les patriotes dans les bocages de l’Ouest ou les montagnes du Midi, peut-on trouver des solutions de continuités ? Cet ouvrage tente de montrer le hiatus entre le mot et la réalité complexe du brigandage dans un contexte révolutionnaire large, celui de la France des années 1750-1850, période troublée et tendue d’où peuvent s’observer les tensions politiques et sociales qui ont engendré l’époque contemporaine.

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In Forging the Ideal Educated Girl, Shenila Khoja-Moolji traces the figure of the ‘educated girl’ to examine the evolving politics of educational reform and development campaigns in colonial India and Pakistan. She challenges the prevailing common sense associated with calls for women’s and girls’ education and argues that such advocacy is not simply about access to education but, more crucially, concerned with producing ideal Muslim woman-/girl-subjects with specific relationships to the patriarchal family, paid work, Islam, and the nation-state. Thus, discourses on girls’/women’s education are sites for the construction of not only gender but also class relations, religion, and the nation.

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Shopping with Allah illustrates the ways in which religion is mobilised in package tourism and how spiritual, economic and gendered practices are combined in a form of tourism where the goal is not purely leisure but also ethical and spiritual cultivation. Focusing on the intersection of gender and Islam, Viola Thimm shows how this intersection develops and changes in a pilgrimage-tourism nexus as part of capitalist and halal consumer markets. Based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork in Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates and Oman, Thimm sheds light on how Islam and gender frame Malaysian religious tourism and pilgrimage to the Arabian Peninsula, but she raises many issues that are of great importance beyond these regional contexts. This book also offers an innovative methodological-analytical toolkit to research mobility and intersectionality across socio-geographic scales ‘Scaling Holistic Intersectionality’. By bringing methodological holism into a fruitful engagement with the antiracist-feminist framework intersectionality, Thimm argues that hierarchical relationships, i.e. marginalisation, power and empowerment, can shift for an individual or a social group depending upon the social sphere. Shopping with Allah will primarily be of interest to readers within the anthropology of gender, the anthropology of Islam and the anthropology of religion more broadly.

GEM Report Region of Murcia 2015, directed and coordinated by Alicia Rubio Bañón and Antonio Aragón Sánchez, deals with the entrepreneurial behavior of the adult population between 18 and 64 years of the Region of Murcia in 2015, in the case of the tenth edition of the report of the reportGem-Region of Murcia, within the GEM International Project (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor) that coordinates in Spain the Santander Entrepreneurship International Center (CISE), and the Red Gem Spain Association. GEM is an international project developed by institutions and universities of 59 nationalities in its 2015 edition. In this work aspects related to entrepreneurial activity and business dynamics in the Region of Murcia are discussed, to the types of entrepreneurial initiatives, to the socio -economic profileof entrepreneurs, to the characteristics of the activities resulting from the entrepreneurial project, to the financing of said process and to the motivation and ability to undertake in Murcia in 2015, as well as the specific conditions of the environment to undertake. The work provides interesting and timely results in the current economic context of an incipient exit of a long economic crisis, as well as a longitudinal vision of the evolution of the main magnitudes in the Murcia region since 2006. In short, the tenth has in its handsEdition of the GEM Region of Murcia, corresponding to 2015 that, as a whole, comes to confirm with slight nuances the change in trend observed in 2014 in the Regional Entrepreneurship.

La valeur de la raison dans la pensée de Pascal est loin d’être évidente. Alors que les écrits scientifiques témoignent d’une rigueur rationnelle remarquable et vont parfois jusqu’à défendre la raison humaine, dans les écrits apologétiques, on observe un changement de style et l’apparition d’une certaine critique de la raison. Comment définir le statut de la raison humaine dans l’ensemble de l’œuvre de Pascal ? Y a-t-il une rupture entre les œuvres scientifiques et apologétiques, une rupture qui s’exprimerait par la critique de la raison que Pascal exerce dans les Pensées? Ou s’agit-il plutôt d’une redéfinition de l'usage de la raison et de l’élaboration d’une nouvelle rationalité non géométrique et non cartésienne dans les écrits apologétiques ? Cet ouvrage retrace l’itinéraire de la raison, des connaissances naturelles aux connaissances surnaturelles, des mathématiques et de la science de la nature à la théologie et à l'apologétique. Les analyses mettent en lumière la force de la raison chez Pascal, force qui provient de la connaissance claire et humble de ses propres limites et qui prend sa source dans une lumière surnaturelle et la certitude du cœur.

This comprehensive volume presents a diverse collection of scholarly contributions in German, English, and French, addressing central issues in specialized language teaching and foreign language didactics. The foundational insights into paratextual relationships, curriculum development, intercultural competence, and pragmatic language use remain highly relevant for ongoing research and pedagogical practice. The contributions examine a broad spectrum of themes, including the didactics of legal and business languages, intercultural communication, learner motivation, and innovative instructional methodologies. By bridging linguistic theory and applied pedagogy, the volume constitutes both an essential reference for researchers and a practical resource for educators seeking to enhance their expertise in specialized language instruction within diverse cultural and institutional frameworks. This publication invites critical engagement with persistent challenges in foreign language education and fosters the advancement of innovative, context-sensitive teaching approaches.

Circular solutions are essential to tackle the eminent challenges of depleting resources and emerging environmental problems. The complex nature of material and energy systems and the changing of economic and technological conditions differ among countries and, therefore, lead to the application of vastly different practices in developed and rapidly developing countries of the world. A wide variety of theoretical approaches can be used to facilitate a shift from the linear use of resources to circular systems, e.g., circular product planning, life cycle planning, sharing and platform economy, refurbishing, and remanufacturing, to name but a few. The introduction and examination of circular solutions can be based on theoretical models in order to guarantee ensure successful application. Successful application of innovative technology approaches, business solutions, and organizational development can be facilitated through theoretical models and new scientific results that support innovation processes. This Special Issue reprint focuses on sustainable and innovative methods which help and enable the proper use and recovery of resources. We present a collection of research papers, reviews, research reports, and case studies that introduce or discuss circular solutions for the sustainable use of resources.

This open access book approaches the anxieties inherent in food consumption and production in Vietnam. The country’s rapid and recent economic integration into global agro-food systems and consumer markets spurred a new quality of food safety concerns, health issues and distrust in food distribution networks that have become increasingly obscured. This edited volume further puts the eating body centre stage by following how gendered body norms, food taboos, power structures and social differentiation shape people’s ambivalent relations with food. It uncovers Vietnam’s trajectories of agricultural modernisation against which consumers and producers manoeuvre amongst food self-sufficiency, security and abundance. Food Anxiety in Globalising Vietnam is explicitly about ‘dangerous’ food – regarding its materiality and meaning. It provides social science perspectives on anxieties related to food and surrounding discourses that travel between the local and the global, the individual and society and into the body. Therefore, the book’s lens of food anxiety matters for social theory and for understanding the embeddedness and discontinuities of food globalizations in Vietnam and beyond. Due to its rich empirical base, methodological approaches and thematic foci, it will appeal to scholars, practitioners and students alike.

This Reprint immerses the reader in cutting-edge research on enhancing the performance and sustainability of building materials. It explores innovative approaches in surface engineering and mechanical characterization, from evaluating the cracking resistance of in-service asphalt pavements and the durability of bridge deck systems to mitigating rebar corrosion in concrete. The studies within also unravel the potential of utilizing industrial by-products and eco-friendly composites, paving the way for a more circular economy in construction. Through insights from leading experts, this Collection embarks on a journey to unlock the full potential of advanced materials, seeking solutions that balance our infrastructural needs with the responsibility to build a more resilient and sustainable future.

Considéré d’habitude comme le « père » de l’anarchisme français, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon entretient un rapport ambivalent avec la création littéraire. Cet essai retrace tout d’abord la relation de Proudhon à la littérature, telle qu’elle apparaît à travers ses ouvrages. Il analyse ensuite les discours tenus dans ses quatre journaux sur les triomphes du roman-feuilleton, visant la conception d’un feuilleton révolutionnaire capable de diffuser auprès du lectorat populaire, par le biais de la fiction, les idées et les théories qui aideront à son affranchissement. Une présentation des romans-feuilletons parus dans les diverses incarnations du journal Le Peuple est suivie par une étude plus approfondie de l’un d’entre eux, le roman Le Mont Saint-Michel, qui narre les aventures d’un groupe de républicains lors du célèbre épisode de la barricade du cloître Saint-Merry, clou tragique de l’insurrection avortée de 1832. Convoquant de nombreux auteurs connus (Michelet, Stendhal, Victor Hugo et Alexandre Dumas père) et oubliés, cette analyse veut offrir une réflexion sur la nature du roman historique et de l’écriture historiographique pendant une période clef pour leur développement.

Las ciudades del deseo explores the representations of gender, sexuality, and urban space in contemporary narratives from Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. By examining a corpus of novels published since 2000, this book shows how the changes in urban landscape create a new image of the city that destroys traditional gender roles and produces different discourses on sexuality. At moments of crisis in political agendas that took place between 1990 and 2000, queer subjects became spokespeople outlining new national projects on each island, while claiming space in the national imaginary. The nation is no longer built on blood ties, patriarchal norms, or biological procreation, but rather starts incorporating previously excluded racial identities and sexual practices. By juxtaposing the narratives of the three countries and putting into dialogue the topics of nationality, sexuality, urban space, and sex tourism, Las ciudades del deseo breaks away from a tradition that tends to study them separately. The book contributes new perspectives on an emerging culture of resistance to heteronormative dynamics and power structures that is developing simultaneously in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic. It sheds light on larger connections between literature and LGBTQ activism in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean.Las ciudades del deseo explora las representaciones del género, la sexualidad y el espacio urbano en la narrativa contemporánea de Cuba, la República Dominicana y Puerto Rico. Aportando un análisis de varias novelas publicadas después de 2000, el libro muestra cómo los cambios del paisaje urbano crean una imagen nueva de la ciudad que destruye roles de género tradicionales y produce múltiples discursos de sexualidad. Durante la crisis de las agendas políticas que sucede en 1990–2000 los sujetos queer esbozan nuevos proyectos nacionales en cada isla. La familia como metáfora de la nación deja de basarse en los lazos de sangre, normas patriarcales y procreación biológica. En cambio, empieza a incorporar identidades raciales y prácticas sexuales. Yuxtaponiendo las narrativas de los tres países y poniendo en diálogos los temas de la nación, la sexualidad, el espacio urbano y el turismo sexual, Las ciudades del deseo rompe con una tradición que tiende a explorarlos por separado. El libro contribuye a una perspectiva nueva de la emergente cultura de resistencia contra las dinámicas heteronormativas y estructuras de poder que se está desarrollando simultáneamente en los tres países y establece conexiones extensas entre la literatura y el activismo LGBTQ en el Caribe hispano.

Cronotopi slavi is a collection of several essays written in honor of Marija Mitrovic by friends, colleagues and collaborators of the Universities of Trieste, Belgrade, Bloomington, Mainz, Turin, Chieti-Pescara, Udine, Zagreb, Fiume and Pola, who have shared and still share with her the passion for Slavistics and humanistic studies. The volume also includes the bibliography of the works of the eminent scholar of the University of Trieste.

Examines the role and influence of Greek philosophy in the final days of the Roman republic. Focuses primarily on the works and views of Cicero, premier politician and Roman philosopher of the day, and Lucretius, foremost among the representatives and supporters of Epicureanism at the time.