Open Access Books

In Noether's original presentation of her celebrated theorem of 1918, allowances were made for the dependence of the coefficient functions of the differential operator which generated the infinitesimal transformation of the Action Integral upon the derivatives of the dependent variable(s), the so-called generalized, or dynamical, symmetries. A similar allowance is to be found in the variables of the boundary function, often termed a gauge function by those who have not read the original paper. This generality was lost after texts such as those of Courant and Hilbert or Lovelock and Rund confined attention to only point transformations. In recent decades, this diminution of the power of Noether's Theorem has been partly countered, in particular, in the review of Sarlet and Cantrijn. In this Special Issue, we emphasize the generality of Noether's Theorem in its original form and explore the applicability of even more general coefficient functions by allowing for nonlocal terms. We also look at the application of these more general symmetries to problems in which parameters or parametric functions have a more general dependence upon the independent variables.

This reprinted edition of the Special Issue entitled “Rational Design of Non-Precious Metal Oxide Catalysts by Means of Advanced Synthetic and Promotional Routes” covers some of the recent advances in relation to the fabrication and fine-tuning of metal oxide catalysts by means of advanced synthetic and/or promotional routes. It consists of fourteen high-quality papers on various aspects of catalysis, related to the rational design and fine-tuning strategies during some of the most relevant applications in heterogeneous catalysis, such as N2O decomposition, the dry reforming of methane (DRM), methane combustion and partial oxidation, and selective catalytic reduction (SCR), among others.

This work compares the process and practice of nineteenth-century American and Russian internal colonization, a form of contiguous, continental expansion, imperialism and colonialism that incorporated indigenous lands and peoples. It provides a critical, comparative examination of internal colonization exercised by the United States and Russia and experienced by two indigenous populations, the Sioux and the Kazakhs. In particular, it examines how and why perceptions of the Sioux and Kazakhs as ostensibly uncivilized peoples, and similarly held American and Russian perceptions of the Northern Plains and the Kazakh Steppe as “uninhabited” regions that ought to be settled, reinforced American and Russian government sedentarization policies and land allotment programs among the Sioux and Kazakhs. In addition, it compares the processes practiced by the two empires and the various forms of Sioux and Kazakh martial, political, social and culture resistance evident throughout the 19th century.

This reprint represents a collection of scientific papers belonging to a Special Issue of Antioxidants entitled "Advances in the Astonishing World of Phytochemicals: State-of-the-Art for Antioxidants". Several studies have revealed that plants are a source of a plethora of bioactive compounds, such as phytohormones, glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and essential oils, with a strong potential impact in the fields of pharmaceutics and agriculture. These phytochemicals represent a valuable weapon that plants use in self-defense in order to counteract the effects of abiotic stress disturbing the delicate equilibrium between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense systems. In recent years, interest in this area of research has been increasing due to the multifaceted properties of natural compounds with antioxidants having anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanism of their action is crucial to establishing their real potential in applied sciences. This reprint focuses on the most recent advances in the study of antioxidant molecular mechanisms activated by phytochemicals, with potential pharmacological and agricultural applications. We thank all the authors for their contribution to the research topic of this reprint and all editorial staff for their valuable support.

ARTICLES Nationality as an essential ingredient of diplomatic protection: Article 9 of the International Law Commission Draft Articles considered Amos O. Enabulele and Anthony Osaro Ewere Who is a tribesman? An examination of the continued utility of Section 3 of Botswana’s Administration of Estates Act E Macharia-Mokobi Balancing contending interests: A focus on tax harmonisation and associated policy issues Aniyie I. Azuka NOTES Electoral democracy in Africa: A critique of jealousy Mbizvo Mawarire v Robert Gabriel Mugabe N.O. and 4 Others CCZ 1/13 Gift Manyatera and Chengetai Hamadziripi The abolition of the doctrine of immutability in the matrimonial property regime in Botswana Tebogo Jobeta and Obonye Jonas

A Developmental Systems Guide for Child and Adolescent Behavioral Health Practitioners provides clinicians with actionable evidence-based practices for the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of child and adolescent mental and behavioral health. This approach combines developmental psychology and ecological systems in recognition of the fact that children’s developmental challenges, tasks, and capacities intersect with the risks and protective factors of their environment. Chapters feature detailed case studies and conclude with conversations with clinicians in which they share targeted recommendations for patient evaluation, treatment approaches, and family engagement and support.

Children live with greater risks than adults of being affected by climate change and other environmental phenomena. For example, mortality is greater in children affected by malaria and dengue fever, two diseases whose spread is increasing as a result of climate change. This book analyzes different ideas about what constitutes a good childhood during the time period proposed to be named the Anthropocene: the epoch of man. Based on a critical tradition and based on a focus on how the adult world creates desirable childhoods, the author asks the question of which ideal childhoods emerge and which children are given a place in the Anthropocene. Through critical analyses, ideas about childhoods in the Anthropocene as innocent, special and responsible are identified and problematized. The book studies what takes place at the intersection between ideas about childhood and the state of the Anthropocene in three different arenas: political climate activism, educational research aimed at younger children and literature for children aged 6–12 with environmental and climate themes. The author argues for the importance of the role and responsibility of the adult world in the Anthropocene epoch and that children's lives and existence should be the starting point for decision-making and policy for climate and the environment. The book is aimed at researchers in the fields of childhood sociology, green humanities and pedagogy, as well as students in pedagogy, environmental science and child and youth science.

Apart from humans, animals play a pivotal role in travel literature. However, the way they are represented in texts can vary from living companions to metaphorical entities. Existing studies mainly focus on the representation of conventional or unconventional roles that are assigned to animals from around the Napoleonic age until now, roles that have been subject to change and that tell us a lot about human reflections on encounters with non-human creatures and the position of man in this rapidly changing world. In this edited volume, scholars from the Netherlands and abroad analyse the roles that animals play in Dutch travel literature from 1800 to the present. In this way, we aim to provide new insights into the relationships between man and animals, in textual expressions and real life, and to add the ‘Dutch case’ to the flourishing international field of travel writing studies.

The book that is presented brings together five papers on topics of constitutional theory and legal theory, writings that affect topics that are very much in vogue, not only in theory but also in legal practice.

The work of Elliot R. Wolfson has profoundly influenced the fields of Jewish studies as well as philosophy and religion more broadly. His radically new approaches have created pioneering ways of analyzing texts and thinking about religion through the lens of gender, sexuality, and feminist theory. The contributors to New Paths in Jewish and Religious Studies: Essays in Honor of Professor Elliot R. Wolfson, many of whom are internationally renowned scholars, hearken from diverse fields. Each has learned from and collaborated with Wolfson as student or colleague, and each has expanded the new scholarly directions initiated by Wolfson’s groundbreaking work. Wolfson’s scholarship gives us innovative ways to think about Judaism and a fresh understanding of religion. Not only a scholar, Wolfson is one of the most important Jewish thinkers of our day. Chapters are grouped according to the categories of religion, Jewish thought and philosophy, and a focused section on Kabbalah, Wolfson’s primary specialization. The volume concludes with a bibliography of Wolfson’s published work and a selection of his poetry.

La communauté indienne d’Afrique du Sud, présente depuis le xixe siècle, est divisée par religions (notamment hindouisme et islam). Cette division, mise à profit par l’apartheid, a eu pour effet de souder fortement la communauté musulmane. Dès lors, certains religieux, et notamment Ahmed Deedat, ont prôné une lutte idéologique contre le christianisme, parallèlement à un développement des services sociaux. Dépendant des aides financières du Pakistan et de l’Arabie Saoudite, Deedat n’a jamais remis en cause l’apartheid, système qui a permis son émergence. Sa polémique anti-chrétienne est pacifique et fondée sur le prêche, à la manière des évangélistes américains. Deedat, entièrement paralysé durant les dernières années de sa vie, a exercé une influence profonde sur la « prédication mondialisée ».

Classique, rigoureusement tracée au XIXe siècle, la distinction-séparation du droit et de la morale a chez nous subi son premier grand assaut avec la parution en 1926 de La règle morale dans les obligations civiles. Sans emporter l'adhésion unanime de la doctrine civiliste, la thèse de Ripert ne s'en trouve pas moins aujourd'hui amplement confirmée par de grands théoriciens professant, quel que soit le domaine, qu'il ne saurait y avoir ni rationalité ni légitimation juridiques sans égard à une éthique du bien et des valeurs. Pareille philosophie s'est développée tandis que se faisait jour un processus de moralisation de plus en plus visible du droit, un indéniable « retour offensif de la morale » (Jean Carbonnier), affectant tous les secteurs et les formes de production de la norme juridique. Ce sont aujourd'hui de pures exigences morales que le droit absorbe ou promeut, nolens volens. C'est à quelques-uns des traits parmi les plus saillants ou révélateurs de ce phénomène jugé parfois irréversible que le présent ouvrage est consacré. De l'inévitable disparité de sa quinzaine de contributions, chaque lecteur fera son profit. Entre autre enseignement, il résulte que ce phénomène, souvent analysé comme la réponse d'une société moderne sécularisée et individualiste à l'affaissement des autorités traditionnelles, des mœurs et des repères communs, n'est manifestement pas sans danger pour l'avenir du droit. La morale n'est-elle pas encore moins sûre que le droit ? Elle opacifie la règle, la rend plus abstraite, plus fragile. Ce faisant elle augmente le pouvoir d'interprétation déjà fort étendu du juge, national et international.

The present volume is a collection of 16 papers presented at the International Seminar ‘Liminal Spaces, and Identity Transformations in Indian Cultural History’ in Milan, in September 2019, when we were on the brink of a historical change unknowingly. And afterwards, during the pandemic experience, exploring liminality, as category of reality applied to Indian culture and especially to art and literature, appeared to be a means to cope with an emergency the likes of which had never been seen before. Obviously, this work does not aspire to be exhaustive, nonetheless, the heterogeneity of the contributions offers a multifaceted perspective: in actual fact, since liminality implies potentially myriads of interpretations, it appears to provide us with one of the main keys to addressing the entanglement of reality, especially the complexity of the Indian civilization, past and present. The focus is particularly on the literary and artistic aspects of such an extraordinary cultural heritage, from the Vedic period up to modernity; literature and arts are the lens through which variegated anthropological issues, crossing different historical phases, are investigated: firstly, the ritual question, in compliance with van Gennep and Turner’s approach, but also religious experiences, sovereignty and violence, dialectics of identity, social dynamics, gender identity, etc. Literature and arts, but still by means of their own aesthetic devices, mirror critical points characterising such issues, as if poetry and artwork, zooming in on specific transition elements, were themselves on the threshold of manifold layers of reality, able to pass through their interstitial discontinuities. Finally, it is a great honour to dedicate such a volume to the memory of Professor Alexander Dubyanskiy (1941–2020), eminent scholar in Indian literature, especially in Tamil poetry, who experienced multiple aspects of liminality both of the South Asian culture and life.

With der Stricker, an early representative of the post-courtly period, dawns the beginning of a new attitude towards love and marriage. Poems by the itinerant poet revealing these concepts form the basis of this work. An informative introduction encompassing a detailed bibliography focuses on editing principles, the genre of the bispel, and the poet's ideals of love and marriage. The commentary lists variants of the Middle High German, and features glosses of difficult words and passages.

Organizada pelo historiador Jaime Benchimol e pela bióloga e historiadora da ciência Magali Romero Sá, é uma homenagem ao pesquisador e à sua trajetória. Adolpho Lutz foi o precursor das modernas campanhas sanitárias e dos estudos epidemiológicos envolvendo, sobretudo, o cólera, a febre tifóide, a peste bubônica e a febre amarela. Os quatro primeiros volumes da obra - que consistirá, quando completa, numa coleção de 21 livros acondicionados em cinco caixas - trazem: Primeiros Trabalhos: Alemanha, Suíça e Brasil (1878-1885); Hanseníase; Dermatologia e Micologia e ainda um suplemento contendo sumário, glossário e índices. Neles, os organizadores recuperaram o arquivo pessoal do cientista e de sua filha, a bióloga Bertha Lutz.