Open Access Books

Indonesia suffered an explosion of religious violence, ethnic violence, separatist violence, terrorism, and violence by criminal gangs, the security forces and militias in the late 1990s and early 2000s. By 2002 Indonesia had the worst terrorism problem of any nation. All these forms of violence have now fallen dramatically. How was this accomplished? What drove the rise and the fall of violence? Anomie theory is deployed to explain these developments. Sudden institutional change at the time of the Asian financial crisis and the fall of President Suharto meant the rules of the game were up for grabs. Valerie Braithwaite’s motivational postures theory is used to explain the gaming of the rules and the disengagement from authority that occurred in that era. Ultimately resistance to Suharto laid a foundation for commitment to a revised, more democratic, institutional order. The peacebuilding that occurred was not based on the high-integrity truth-seeking and reconciliation that was the normative preference of these authors. Rather it was based on non-truth, sometimes lies, and yet substantial reconciliation. This poses a challenge to restorative justice theories of peacebuilding.

Implementing sustainable development is central to achieving global reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating anthropogenic environmental impacts. As defined by the UN 2030 Agenda and its associated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), sustainable development requires a holistic, interdisciplinary approach, which is not without its challenges. Indeed, studies tracking global progress toward meeting the 2030 SDG targets emphasize the importance of implementing sustainable solutions, with several SDG targets described as 'off track.' Therefore, there is an urgent need to address the challenges of an interdisciplinary, unified, and practical approach to sustainable implementation. In this context, this Reprint brings together 15 selected papers presented during the 2022 SDEWES Conference. These papers cover a broad range of topics, from circular governance models to education related to sustainable practices, as well as the impacts of current legislative frameworks targeting energy efficiency, built environment energy performance, bio-based industrial applications, transport and sustainable energy services, and production, supply, and infrastructure maintenance strategies. This Reprint provides an interdisciplinary and holistic perspective on sustainable development solutions, with several papers highlighting the interrelations between various fields and aspects of sustainability.

Printed images were, on one hand, material objects produced, owned or variously transformed by humans, but on the other hand, they were immaterial representations, conceived and variously received by humans as well. Certainly, such a complex relationship among things, people and images is not an exclusive feature of the premodern periods print cultures. However, the rise of printmaking challenged some established rules in the arts and visual realms. Three short insights may exemplify this rise of printmaking. The first insight s point of departure comprises material objects related to Lucas Cranach the Elders early Crucifixion; the second insight offers a human perspective, starting with Christophe Plantins working practices; and the third insight is a short story that emphasises the ambiguities surrounding what printed images represent, as epitomised by early modern depictions of wisent, a species related to the North American bison, but often confused with the Eastern European aurochs.

Soigner les pauvres, telle est la vocation de milliers de jeunes femmes qui, tout au long du xixe siècle, prennent le voile en France et concrétisent ainsi un désir de vie religieuse et de service. Cet engagement ouvre aux femmes des voies pour s’affirmer hors de la famille, dans l’espace public et le monde du travail. Infirmières ou pharmaciennes, responsables de services d’hôpitaux et d’hospices, ou gardes-malades à domicile, ce sont les « bonnes » sœurs du xixe siècle. Figures de la charité, elles sont aussi les chevilles ouvrières du système public de santé dont elles accompagnent la médicalisation. Dans une société confrontée à une nouvelle pauvreté massive et alors que l’Église catholique s’inquiète de la déchristianisation populaire, les sœurs soignantes répondent aux attentes sociales et sanitaires, religieuses et morales de leur temps. La laïcisation républicaine signe-t-elle leur disparition ? Rien n’est moins sûr à en regarder leur présence dans Paris au début du xxe siècle. S’appuyant sur de nombreuses archives des couvents et des institutions hospitalières, cette enquête questionne la vocation des sœurs soignantes dans leur quotidien auprès des pauvres de la capitale. Elle propose une histoire du care qui éclaire les enjeux profanes et spirituels de la relation de soin.

O livro expõe, de maneira sintética e padronizada, os principais animais terrestres de importância médica que ocorrem no estado da Bahia, sendo organizado como uma obra de referência direcionada aos profissionais da área da saúde dos seus diversos municípios. Constam desse catálogo, 28 espécies de animais peçonhentos, 13 de animais vetores e 19 de animais reservatório. Foram estruturadas fichas com textos em linguagem adequada ao público-alvo, porém cientificamente correta, para cada animal ou grupo de animais.

Von Technik und Ästhetik zu sprechen, heißt, sich bereits begrifflich auf ein Feld einzulassen, das mindestens zwei divergente Perspektiven gemeinsam denkt. Dabei haben das Technische wie das Ästhetische die Bedeutung einer Interdependenz aufzuweisen: Das Technische konstituiert einerseits Funktionen, Formen und Gebrauchsaspekte - ästhetische Zustände evozieren andererseits zeichenhafte Realisierungen, phantasmatische Urteile und wahrnehmungsvermittelte Phänomene des Erscheinens. Die Beiträger*innen des Bandes zeigen, wie bei der Konfrontation von Technik und Ästhetik eine Art Verkopplung und intrinsische Dynamik qua techno-ästhetischer Evokation entstehen kann.

The great diversity of land plants (especially angiosperms) is mainly reflected in the diversity of various reproductive organs of plants. However, despite long time intensive investigations, there are still uncertainties and sometimes misunderstandings over the nature and evolution of reproductive organs in land plants. With the new advances made in various fields of botany (especially at molecular level), there is increasing light shed on some aspects of flowers (reproductive organs of angiosperms). In this ebook, we collect 15 papers reporting new understanding on plant reproductive organs. These works range from morphology and anatomy to molecular regulatory networks underlying traditional observations. We understand this single book cannot reach our goal, but we do hope that this book can contribute to or initiate some efforts leading to the final solution of some problems concerning the homology and evolution of reproductive organs in plants.

This timely volume provides a comprehensive examination of how the proposed new European Health Data Space (EHDS) legislation will impact upon health and genetic data, individual privacy and providers of health services. With the current legal framework recognised as insufficient in protecting data-related rights, the book spotlights the opportunities and challenges posed by the EHDS in balancing the interests of individuals with policymakers and researchers. It considers the impact on individual EU member states while highlighting issues such as changes to patients’ rights, wearable technology, developments in e-health and the secondary use of medical data. Critically, it also examines how the EHDS will operate within existing legal frameworks, including the General Data Protection Regulation, the Data Governance Act and the Data Act. Including contributions from some of the leading scholars in this area, this groundbreaking book will be key reading for students and researchers across law and public health.

¿Cómo se logra que mujeres jóvenes y de determinadas características físicas y psicológicas provean de su capacidad gestante y procreadora a padres intencionales de todo el mundo?, ¿cómo interviene la biotecnología en la reproducción humana?, ¿es la gestación para otros un don o un trabajo? Esta obra responde a estas y otras preguntas a través de las voces y de las miradas de las portadoras gestacionales, de los padres y de las madres intencionales, de los médicos y de los juristas. Con base en etnografías surgidas de la coyuntura que, en el periodo 2015-2017, suscitó la oferta local y transnacional de donación reproductiva en México, este libro expone la inserción de ese país en la cadena mundial de trabajo reproductivo; explora el simbolismo de la genética y discute sobre la autonomía de los cuerpos femeninos. Concluye que la gestación para otros produce efectos disruptivos en nociones de maternidad y familia fuertemente cristalizadas en el imaginario pues, ¿acaso no cuestiona el principio mater semper certa est?, ¿acaso no hace realidad el nacimiento de madre virgen?, ¿sobre qué otros mitos irrumpe la gestación para otros?

Das Staatsangehörigkeitsrecht wird trotz der völkerrechtlichen Relevanz der Staatsangehörigkeit oft als eine der letzten Bastionen staatlicher Souveränität angesehen. Patrick R. Hoffmann hinterfragt diese tradierte Annahme, indem er einen frischen Blick auf das Rechtsinstitut der Staatsangehörigkeit wirft und die völkerrechtlichen Vorgaben hinsichtlich deren Verleihung untersucht. Um auch moderne Praktiken im Bereich des Staatsangehörigkeitsrechts - wie den sog. Verkauf von Staatsangehörigkeiten oder die sog. passportisation - dogmatisch korrekt erfassen zu können, nimmt er das Völkerrecht in puncto Staatsangehörigkeit grundlegend in den Blick. Der Autor untersucht unter anderem das oft proklamierte Menschenrecht auf eine Staatsangehörigkeit sowie das Erfordernis einer vernünftigen Verbindung zwischen Mensch und Staat als Voraussetzung für die Verleihung einer Staatsangehörigkeit.

This open access book discusses individual, collective, and institutional responsibilities with regard to vaccination from the perspective of philosophy and public health ethics. It addresses the issue of what it means for a collective to be morally responsible for the realisation of herd immunity and what the implications of collective responsibility are for individual and institutional responsibilities. The first chapter introduces some key concepts in the vaccination debate, such as ‘herd immunity’, ‘public goods’, and ‘vaccine refusal’; and explains why failure to vaccinate raises certain ethical issues. The second chapter analyses, from a philosophical perspective, the relationship between individual, collective, and institutional responsibilities with regard to the realisation of herd immunity. The third chapter is about the principle of least restrictive alternative in public health ethics and its implications for vaccination policies. Finally, the fourth chapter presents an ethical argument for unqualified compulsory vaccination, i.e. for compulsory vaccination that does not allow for any conscientious objection. The book would appeal both philosophers interested in public health ethics and the general public interested in the philosophical underpinning of different arguments about our moral obligations with regard to vaccination.

The courageous acts of whistleblowing that inspired the world over the past few years have changed our perception of surveillance and control in today's information society. But what are the wider effects of whistleblowing as an act of dissent on politics, society, and the arts? How does it contribute to new courses of action, digital tools, and contents? This urgent intervention based on the work of Berlin's Disruption Network Lab examines this growing phenomenon, offering interdisciplinary pathways to empower the public by investigating whistleblowing as a developing political practice that has the ability to provoke change from within.

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Since the fall of communism, laissez-faire capitalism has experienced renewed popularity. Flush with victory, the United States has embraced a particularly narrow and single-minded definition of capitalism and aggressively exported it worldwide. The defining trait of this brand of capitalism is an unwavering reverence for the icons of the market. Although promoted as a laissez-faire form of capitalism, it actually reflects the very evils of selfishness and greed by entrepreneurs that concerned Adam Smith. Capitalism, however, can thrive without an extreme emphasis on efficiency and personal autonomy. Americans often forget that theirs is a rather peculiar form of capitalism, that other Western nations successfully maintain capitalistic systems that are fundamentally more balanced and nuanced in their effect on society. The unnecessarily inhumane aspects of American capitalism become apparent when compared to Canadian and Western European societies, with their more generous policies regarding affirmative action, accommodation for disabled persons, and family and medical leave for pregnant woman and their partners. In American Law in the Age of Hypercapitalism, Ruth Colker examines how American law purports to reflect--and actively promotes--a laissez-faire capitalism that disproportionately benefits the entrepreneurial class. Colker proposes that the quality of American life depends also on fairness and equality rather than simply the single-minded and formulaic pursuit of efficiency and utility.

The study investigates the ethical relationship between happiness and morality in Kant, and argues for the following claim: While rejecting an Incompatibility-Thesis, a Dissonance-Thesis and a Coincidence-Thesis Kant defends a dissonant Harmony-Thesis as the most plausible answer to the fundamental ethical question whether and to what extent morality can lead us to happiness. It thus updates the ethical relevance of Kant's autonomous morality for happiness as a good life.