Open Access Books

Viele Menschen suchen Wohnraum, doch Neubau löst das Problem nicht: Er ist teuer, verbraucht Fläche und belastet das Klima. Eine Lösung verspricht der »unsichtbare Wohnraum« - ungenutzte Zimmer älterer Personen nach Auszug der Kinder. Daniel Fuhrhop untersucht das Potenzial der Wohnsuffizienz anhand sozialer Programme wie der Vermittlung von Wohnpaaren nach dem Modell »Wohnen für Hilfe«, dem Umbau von Wohnungen, dem Umzug sowie sozialer Wohnraumvermittlung. Sein Fazit: Insgesamt können so jährlich 100.000 Wohnungen entstehen - ohne Klimabelastung und mit der Chance auf Nähe und Nachbarschaft.

In Shrines in a Fluid Space, Argyri Dermitzaki offers a study of the cultic phenomena and sites visited by late medieval pilgrims in the Ionian Sea, the Peloponnese and Crete.; Readership: All interested in the cultic phenomena in Corfu, Strophades, the Peloponnese and Crete, in cultural exchanges in the Mediterranean and in late medieval Holy Land pilgrimage.

Research on the multiple aspects of cognitive impairment in Down syndrome (DS), from genes to behavior to treatment, has made tremendous progress in the last decade. The study of congenital intellectual disabilities such as DS is challenging since they originate from the earliest stages of development and both the acquisition of cognitive skills and neurodegenerative pathologies are cumulative. Comorbidities such as cardiac malformations, sleep apnea, diabetes and dementia are frequent in the DS population, as well, and their increased risk provides a means of assessing early stages of these pathologies that is relevant to the general population. Notably, persons with DS will develop the histopathology of Alzheimer’s disease (formation of neuritic plaques and tangles) and are at high risk for dementia, something that cannot be predicted in the population at large. Identification of the gene encoding the amyloid precursor protein, its localization to chromosome 21 in the 90’s and realization that all persons with DS develop pathology identified this as an important piece of the amyloid cascade hypothesis in Alzheimer’s disease. Awareness of the potential role of people with DS in understanding progression and treatment as well as identification of genetic risk factors and also protective factors for AD is reawakening. For the first time since DS was recognized, major pharmaceutical companies have entered the search for ameliorative treatments, and phase II clinical trials to improve learning and memory are in progress. Enriched environment, brain stimulation and alternative therapies are being tested while clinical assessment is improving, thus increasing the chances of success for therapeutic interventions. Researchers and clinicians are actively pursuing the possibility of prenatal treatments for many conditions, an area with a huge potential impact for developmental disorders such as DS. Our goal here is to present an overview of recent advances with an emphasis on behavioral and cognitive deficits and how these issues change through life in DS. The relevance of comorbidities to the end phenotypes described and relevance of pharmacological targets and possible treatments will be considerations throughout.Research on the multiple aspects of cognitive impairment in Down syndrome (DS), from genes to behavior to treatment, has made tremendous progress in the last decade. The study of congenital intellectual disabilities such as DS is challenging since they originate from the earliest stages of development and both the acquisition of cognitive skills and neurodegenerative pathologies are cumulative. Comorbidities such as cardiac malformations, sleep apnea, diabetes and dementia are frequent in the DS population, as well, and their increased risk provides a means of assessing early stages of these pathologies that is relevant to the general population. Notably, persons with DS will develop the histopathology of Alzheimer’s disease (formation of neuritic plaques and tangles) and are at high risk for dementia, something that cannot be predicted in the population at large. Identification of the gene encoding the amyloid precursor protein, its localization to chromosome 21 in the 90’s and realization that all persons with DS develop pathology identified this as an important piece of the amyloid cascade hypothesis in Alzheimer’s disease. Awareness of the potential role of people with DS in understanding progression and treatment as well as identification of genetic risk factors and also protective factors for AD is reawakening. For the first time since DS was recognized, major pharmaceutical companies have entered the search for ameliorative treatments, and phase II clinical trials to improve learning and memory are in progress. Enriched environment, brain stimulation and alternative therapies are being tested while clinical assessment is improving, thus increasing the chances of success for therapeutic interventions. Researchers and clinicians are actively pursuing the possibility of prenatal treatments for many conditions, an area with a huge potential impact for developmental disorders such as DS. Our goal here is to present an overview of recent advances with an emphasis on behavioral and cognitive deficits and how these issues change through life in DS. The relevance of comorbidities to the end phenotypes described and relevance of pharmacological targets and possible treatments will be considerations throughout.

The Göttingen conference „Systematics 2008“ is the first joint meeting of the Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik (GfBS) and the German Botanical Society, section Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (DBG), being the 10th Annual Meeting of the GfBS and the 18th International Symposium „Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology“ of the DBG. The conference programme covers biological systematics in the widest sense and provides ample opportunities for oral and poster presentations on new advances in plant, animal and microbial systematics. This volume brings together the abstracts of invited speaches from the plenary sessions on „Progress in Deep Phylogeny“, „Speciation and Phylogeography“, and „New Trends in Biological Systematics“ as well as those of submitted talks and poster sessions.

L’écriture de Mark Twain élabore une poétique de la trace qui est le creuset d’une reconfiguration de l’histoire où s’expriment un questionnement sur l’expérience démocratique de la nation américaine ainsi qu’une critique de la modernité.Issu des représentations mythiques de la jeune nation, le motif de la trace permet d’appréhender l’inscription de l’histoire dans le territoire ainsi que l’opposition, instable, entre l’Amérique et cet « autre » que sont les monarchies européennes. Sous ses multiples formes, la trace s’inscrit dans un faisceau de représentations littéraires, iconographiques et idéologiques que l’œuvre de Mark Twain s’approprie, détourne et subvertit pour exprimer la perte des origines fondatrices et l’enlisement de l’histoire américaine dans une temporalité enrayée. À l’emprise mortifère des traces, son écriture oppose l’utopie de la non-inscription, principe d’une sortie de l’histoire et d’une coïncidence retrouvée avec l’origine. La résurgence de tensions irrésolues dans les textes tardifs convertit cependant cette utopie en dystopie pour réduire l’histoire à une dérive insensée dans l’inactuel, où les traces ne sont plus que les signifiants d’un rêve sans substance.La définition d’une esthétique s’articule ici avec une approche historiciste qui inscrit l’œuvre dans le contexte idéologique, artistique et culturel américain du xixe siècle et du début du xxe.

From a research for the Metropolitan City of Turin on the flows of matter, energy, services, people and information between the metro-mountain and metro-urban subsystems, it has emerged that the ecosystem flows always have a degree of openness to the outside, which requires an assessment of the positive or negative effects on ecosystems on a larger scale, up to the global one. In perspective, less sectoral and more multifunctional visions of the interventions seem to be required, which also recognize the mountain as a new central location as a privileged place to experiment with alternative life models.

History is told through stories. Against this backdrop, what potential does children’s and young adult literature offer for historical and literary learning in elementary and secondary school? The contributions in this volume address this question from both a literary and a history education perspective. The focus is on an interdisciplinary examination of theoretical and conceptual approaches on the one hand, and tried-and-true teaching concepts on the other. For example, how do modern fantasy stories shape students’ perceptions of historical eras? How can topics in history class—such as the Stone Age, World War II, or the DDR—be illustrated using literary approaches? Finally, a third focus is on children’s and teen’s literature and young adult literature in the context of the Holocaust. Taken as a whole, this volume offers innovative insights for both academic research in the didactics of literature and history and for classroom practice.

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Pour qui s'intéresse aux rapports entre culture et politique dans l'histoire comme au présent, la censure est un objet de choix. En nul autre lieu de la vie en société l'antagonisme n'est plus frontal entre le vouloir dire et le pouvoir d'interdire. La censure est l'une des manifestations par excellence de l'exercice du Pouvoir, une de ses dimensions constitutives. Cet ouvrage adopte une vision très large des phénomènes censoriaux tout en s'interrogeant sur les distinctions nécessaires qu'il convient d'opérer entre eux. Il tâche de répondre à des questions simples en apparence mais en réalité redoutables. Pourquoi censure-t-on ? (les discours de justification de la censure, les motifs de censurer, politiques, religieux, moraux, etc.) ; qui censure et comment ? (les pratiques, les dispositifs de la censure, les acteurs et appareils, en somme le fonctionnement concret de la machine censoriale) ; enfin, que fait la censure, mais aussi que fait-on avec ou contre la censure ? (les effets et les réactions individuelles et collectives que suscite la censure, les conduites et tactiques d'évitement, de contournement, d'affrontement, les ruses et la provocation, sans oublier l'autocensure…). Cet ouvrage offre des synthèses sur la censure dans d'autres pays que la France (tous les continents ou presque sont représentés), sur d'autres siècles que le vingtième (les sujets traités s'échelonnent du xixe siècle à nos jours), une ouverture géographique et chronologique mais aussi disciplinaire, avec des contributions d'historiens, de juristes, de civilisationnistes, de politistes, d'anthropologues, de spécialistes venus des études de journalisme et d'information-communication, ainsi que des études littéraires, théâtrales et cinématographiques. Au total, une somme inégalée et qui fera date.

Wie entwickeln sich berufliche Identität und berufliches Engagement in der Pflege? Für ihre Dissertation zu diesem Thema hat die Autorin über 500 Auszubildende, Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegerinnen aus Deutschland sowie Schweizer Pflegestudierende befragt. Weitere Impulse gab eine Gruppendiskussion mit Pflegenden mit langer Berufserfahrung. Frageschwerpunkte waren die Bereiche Ausprägung und Verlauf der Ausbildung sowie positive und negative Einflussfaktoren auf das berufliche Selbstverständnis der Befragten. Die Ergebnisse der Befragung wurden mit Befunden anderer Berufsausbildungen im dualen System verglichen. Aus den Ergebnissen entstehen Vorschläge zur Gestaltung der Pflegeausbildung und zur Entwicklung tragfähiger beruflicher Kompetenzen. Dabei berücksichtigt die Autorin die aktuelle Diskussion um Generalisierung, Akademisierung und die Einstiegsqualifikation in die Pflegeausbildung.

»Ich stand an der Küste und redete mit der Brandung BLABLA, im Rücken die Ruinen von Europa.« Bei Heiner Müller spielen Küste und Landschaft, Flucht und Grenzen, Gewalt und Tod eine zentrale Rolle. Migration und Klimawandel verändern die Landschaften, an den Küsten — den Räumen der Selektion — treten ihre Auswirkungen besonders deutlich in Erscheinung. Die Menschen und die Landschaften führen Krieg gegeneinander. Heiner Müllers Texte stören mit ihrem Geschichtsbewusstsein und ihrer Ästhetik, sie unterbrechen das gesellschaftliche und politische Kontinuum. Die Beiträger*innen des Bandes untersuchen die KüstenLANDSCHAFTEN als performative und diskursive Räume. Es entsteht ein Mosaik aus den Sektionen ›Theater-Landschaft‹, ›Grenzen — Küsten — Landschaften‹, ›Landschaften jenseits des Todes‹ und ›Landschaften der Störung‹, ergänzt um Gespräche und Praxisdokumentationen zum »Landvermesser« Heiner Müller.

During the First World War, the German occupier tried to split Belgium internally. This was done by pursuing a Flamenpolitik, a policy aimed at scaring the Flemish, or at least the Flemish movement, against Belgium. That worked, because a small number of Flemish supporters, the so-called activists, did indeed collaborate. From the late summer of 1914, Berlin in the occupied country would incessantly bombard the Flemish movement with a large-scale media campaign. The German services, supported by their Austrian allies, mainly made use of pamphlets and the written press, not only in Belgium but also in the neutral Netherlands. In the summer of 1915 activism was a fact: an anti-Belgian Flemish nationalism, the consequences of which have been felt to date, had seen the light of day. The propaganda underlying it was so ingenious and clever that it not only convinced contemporaries, but still misleads historians even more than a century later. It is a fine example of “fake news” avant la lettre.

Les immigrés sont-ils mobiles ? Quel usage font-ils de la ville ? Quel rôle peuvent jouer les transports, en particulier collectifs, dans leur vie quotidienne ? Autant de questions dont les réponses passent par une meilleure compréhension du choc culturel et de la condition sociale vécues par ces populations. Les réponses nécessitent aussi que soit brisée l'image déformante d'une population maghrébine considérée comme uniforme. Ainsi, ce livre montre toute la diversité des situations, des attitudes, des perceptions de la ville et de la société, même lorsque les personnes que l'auteur a regardé vivre et écoutées habitent sur le même palier.

Learning old age has an essentially individual character since it is dependent on many different factors. The first one is the age of a person which, as I argue by referring to personal experiences, has a huge influence on our attitude towards seniors – from the acceptance and respect for old age to its disavowal as a mark of a declining and decrepit lifeform. The second factor, nonetheless also important, is the experience of living in a multigenerational family in which the eldest members are deemed significant and entertaining respect. Another factor that shapes our perception of seniors is the level of environmental and widely societal awareness of the significance of aging processes and of their inevitability in the life of every human being. In that matter, we are still burdened with a feeling of inferiority as those who were bound to live on until the age of seventy, eighty, and ninety. Deeply ingrained, and stemming from a bad tradition, a belief that leads one to commonly associate old age as the one “on which God had failed” is very slowly being eliminated from the collective consciousness. The process is enhanced by a new opening of the last phase of life which as a result of constant lengthening acquires a new dimension, followed by a new meaning. Numerous examples of old people who take care of their psychophysical condition and their social and spiritual development are gradually retrieving old age to its rightful place in the human lifespan. In this process of change, a leading role seems to be played by a person’s spiritual development whose important component is spiritual practice wherein and thanks to which old age acquires the status of life’s period not worse than its previous stages.

Emerging antibiotic resistance of bacteria is driving us to catastrophic failure of the healthcare system. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one such pathogen that is responsible for causing nosocomial infections, urinary tract infections, cystic fibrosis, otitis media, and infections of wounds and burns. P. aeruginosa is a critical pathogen as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to its intrinsic and adaptive competence to defy antibiotics and persist as a superbug. This book covers a wide array of subjects relevant to bacterial biofilms specifically focusing on P. aeruginosa and associated infections. It provides readers with a clear and comprehensive overview of biofilm formation and associated detrimental impacts. In addition, this book also examines topics related to biosynthesis virulence factors by P. aeruginosa to facilitate biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and infections.