Open Access Books

This work contains updated and clinically relevant information about tuberculosis. It is aimed at providing a succinct overview of history and disease epidemiology, clinical presentation and the most recent scientific developments in the field of tuberculosis research, with an emphasis on diagnosis and treatment. It may serve as a practical resource for students, clinicians and researchers who work in the field of infectious diseases.

Nature was called on to justify what was based on social stereotypes and gender preconceptions ever since the Cold War. Gender discrimination in the US space programme indeed has a long history. Imaging phantoms simulating the human body or parts of it played that exact role. Right after the Second World War, the International Commission on Radiation Protection recognized the need to formulate a set of standard biological parameters, describing the “average individual,” that could be used to calculate permissible radiation doses for those working with radionuclides. Designing artefacts such as spacesuits based on the universal and the standard, reinforces the importance of physicality and justifies exclusion. It prescribes femininity as much as it does masculinity, both in the singular. For long, the history of technology has focused on artefacts as technical entities and scrutinized the role of inventors, engineers, scientists, corporations, the state, regulators, the press, and of course users and consumers.

L’étude de l’élevage bovin a souvent été reléguée derrière celle de la culture des grains dans l’historiographie française. Pourtant, de récents travaux à l’échelle locale et quelques synthèses ont révélé le rôle majeur de l’activité d’élevage dans les campagnes de l’Ancien Régime, son poids économique, même si les bêtes à cornes y fournissaient en premier lieu des engrais et de la force au service de l’agriculture, la production de lait et de viande pouvant paraître comme secondaire. L’analyse de la littérature agronomique met en exergue la pensée théorique relative aux différentes facettes de l’élevage, jusqu’à l’emploi artisanal de toutes les parties des bêtes mortes. La lecture des sources imprimées, de 1700 à 1850, révèle des divergences et des convergences parmi les auteurs et parmi les publications, ainsi que des enjeux variés : vers une amélioration globale des systèmes d’élevage, selon divers schémas, divers éléments, vers une multiplication des bestiaux, en quantité et en qualité, selon différentes méthodes et d’après des modèles locaux ou internationaux. L’édition se multiplie, surtout à partir des années 1750 et 1760, en parallèle à un mouvement positif d’alphabétisation et d’innovation, croissant jusqu’au milieu du XIXe siècle, mais sans que la diffusion réelle des écrits théoriques soit évidente. Cette diffusion peut apparaître tout de même parmi les sources manuscrites, administratives et notariales, à la recherche d’indices, mais sans que l’intermédiaire soit aisément perceptible.

Ce recueil a été préparé à l’occasion du XVIIème congrès mondial des slavistes à Paris (août 2025). Il reflète plusieurs aspects de la slavistique helvétique, en premier lieu la linguistique et l’analyse littéraire. Les auteurs des contributions sont des slavistes de plusieurs universités suisses (Zurich, Saint-Gall, Berne, Lausanne et Genève). Dieser Sammelband wurde anlässlich des 17. Internationalen Slavistenkongresses in Paris (August 2025) zusammengestellt. Präsentiert werden verschiedene Forschungsarbeiten aus der Schweizer Slavistik, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Linguistik und der Literaturwissenschaft liegt. Die Beiträge stammen aus Slavistik-Instituten mehrerer Schweizer Universitäten (Zürich, St. Gallen, Bern, Lausanne und Genf).

La compréhension de l'épidémiologie d'une maladie infectieuse ou parasitaire passe par une connaissance minimale du fonctionnement des populations vivantes concernées. Ainsi, pour remédier à la difficulté d'obtenir des observations directes sur la biologie des populations naturelles, notamment dans les pays du Sud, l'utilisation de marqueurs génétiques permet d'avoir accès, à travers des méthodes indirectes, à des informations clés sur la biologie des agents pathogènes et de leurs vecteurs : écologie, mode de reproduction, déplacements, taille des populations, etc. Un outil précieux dans le domaine de la santé, où l'analyse de la variation spatio-temporelle des marqueurs génétiques peut ainsi être utilisée pour caractériser la dynamique des populations de parasites et de leurs vecteurs, pour connaître l'évolution d'une maladie infectieuse ou parasitaire, évaluer les risques d'invasions ou d'épidémie, le potentiel de diffusion de gènes résistants, anticiper les stratégies de lutte… Ce manuel didactique présente les principales méthodes de la génétique des populations naturelles et les modèles de base utilisés pour les inférences, avec des cas concrets d'applications à destination des étudiants et personnels de santé. Plusieurs jeux de données sont analysés pas à pas dans un CD-ROM qui accompagne l'ouvrage.

The use of scientific computing tools is currently customary for solving problems at several complexity levels in Applied Sciences. The great need for reliable software in the scientific community conveys a continuous stimulus to develop new and better performing numerical methods that are able to grasp the particular features of the problem at hand. This has been the case for many different settings of numerical analysis, and this Special Issue aims at covering some important developments in various areas of application.

The county of Flensburg-Land was founded by the Prussian decree of September 22, 1867. Initially, the former Office Flensburg with its properties, the city of Flensburg, the small town of Glücksburg, the First Anglian Property District ("Erster Angler Güterdistrik") as well as the 'enclaved' county places belonging to the Monastery of St. Johannis belonged to the newly founded county. By the county order of May 26, 1888, the city of Flensburg separated from the district and from then on formed the city of Flensburg with an own county status. Between 1920 and 1944 the stock of the archival material was handed over to the Regional archives of Kiel. Because of the war-related outsourcing, there were only insignificant losses. In 1966 the stock was inspected, rearranged and listed. It was only in 2007 that a further archival exchange with the district archives of Schleswig-Flensburg extended the inventory by a further 150 distribu- tion units. At the same time, the files of the Flensburger Kreisbahn which had previously been kept as separate stock were renumbered and integratd into the main stock in the old order.

The range of potential applications for mobile robots is enormous. It includes agricultural robotics applications, routine material transport in factories, warehouses, office buildings and hospitals, indoor and outdoor security patrols, inventory verification, hazardous material handling, hazardous site cleanup, underwater applications, and numerous military applications. This book is the result of inspirations and contributions from many researchers worldwide. It presents a collection of wide range research results of robotics scientific community. Various aspects of current research in new robotics research areas and disciplines are explored and discussed. It is divided in three main parts covering different research areas: Humanoid Robots, Human-Robot Interaction, and Special Applications. We hope that you will find a lot of useful information in this book, which will help you in performing your research or fire your interests to start performing research in some of the cutting edge research fields mentioned in the book.

In the age of digitality, the question is not so much whether learning about history is relevant in the digital space but how it should be modeled. In this volume, Alexandra Krebs develops a theoretical concept for such a model, which takes shape in her design of the digital learning platform "App in die Geschichte" (App into History). She also conducts an empirical inquiry into how learners use the app and how they collectively narrate history.

La mesure et la compréhension des échanges internationaux de biens et de services culturels sont essentiels pour esquisser une stratégie d'insertion des acteurs français dans les échanges internationaux et plus largement définir les conditions d'une diversité culturelle. Ce numéro, qui mobilise les méthodologies économétriques, cherche à repérer dans quelle mesure les échanges culturels peuvent être des indicateurs de proximité culturelle tant dans les échanges commerciaux que dans les investissements à l'étranger et les flux migratoires.

"Envisioning Socialism examines television and the power it exercised to define the East Germans’ view of socialism during the first decades of the German Democratic Republic. In the first book in English to examine this topic, Heather L. Gumbert traces how television became a medium prized for its communicative and entertainment value. She explores the difficulties GDR authorities had defining and executing a clear vision of the society they hoped to establish, and she explains how television helped to stabilize GDR society in a way that ultimately worked against the utopian vision the authorities thought they were cultivating. Gumbert challenges those who would dismiss East German television as a tool of repression that couldn’t compete with the West or capture the imagination of East Germans. Instead, she shows how, by the early 1960s, television was a model of the kind of socialist realist art that could appeal to authorities and audiences. Ultimately, this socialist vision was overcome by the challenges that the international market in media products and technologies posed to nation-building in the postwar period. A history of ideas and perceptions examining both real and mediated historical conditions, Envisioning Socialism considers television as a technology, an institution, and a medium of social relations and cultural knowledge. The book will be welcomed in undergraduate and graduate courses in German and media history, the history of postwar Socialism, and the history of science and technologies."

Monografija vsebuje splošno poročilo o raziskavi, izvedeni s strani mednarodne ekipe pravnih strokovnjakov v okviru Višegrajskega projekta Zaščita žvižgačev na delovnem mestu v državah V4, Franciji in Sloveniji (WHISTLEPRO), ki ga financira Mednarodni Višegrajski sklad. Glavni cilj projekta je bil preučiti pravno ureditev zaščite oseb, ki prijavijo nepravilnosti in kršitve prava v gospodarskih družbah ter drugih zasebnih in javnih institucijah v državah, zajetih z raziskavo, nato pa izpostaviti težave in predlagati pravne rešitve, povezane s prenosom Direktive (EU) 2019/1937 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 23. oktobra 2019 o zaščiti oseb, ki prijavijo kršitve prava Unije, v nacionalno zakonodajo. Monografija med drugim vključuje analizo glede obsega vsebin, ki so lahko zajete z žvižgaštvom; nabora oseb, ki jih je mogoče obravnavati kot žvižgače in jim nuditi zaščito v povezavi s prijavo kršitev prava, pa tudi drugih subjektov, ki so zaščiteni zaradi svoje povezave z žvižgačem; notranjih in zunanjih kanalov za prijave; pravnih ukrepov, namenjenih podpori žvižgačem in njihovim aktivnostim ter zaščiti pred povračilnimi ukrepi zaradi razkritja informacij, vprašanja zaupnosti, pravne odgovornosti za povračilne ukrepe in za kršitev dolžnosti v zvezi z žvižgaštvom. Navedene študije so bile izpeljane v koordinaciji Fakultete za pravo in upravo Univerze v Lodžu, s sodelovanjem Karlove univerze v Pragi, Univerze Reformirane Cerkve Károli Gáspár na Madžarskem, Univerze v Mariboru, Univerze v Toursu in Trnavske Univerze v Trnavi, ter z udeležbo predstavnikov drugih raziskovalnih centrov, javnih institucij, družbenih partnerjev, organizacij civilne družbe, podjetij in pravnikov. Bralci bodo v knjigi Towards a Better Protection of Workplace Whistleblowers in the Visegrad Countries, France and Slovenia (Za boljšo zaščito žvižgačev na delovnem mestu v višegrajskih državah, Franciji in Sloveniji), objavljeni pri Lodz University Press, našli prikaz celotne slike raziskave, izvedene v okviru projekta. Publikacija je namenjena vsem osebam, ki jih zanima izboljšanje pravnega položaja žvižgačev na delovnem mestu.

It should be noted that phrasemes are usually difficult to remember, which is why it is vital for the teacher to choose the appropriate methods. Regardless of the age group, the use of a ludic strategy should be a significant element of foreign language lessons when teaching idiomatic phrases in order to improve the learning process. The aim of this paper is to examine the knowledge that students of Roman philology have in the field of phraseology of the French language and their knowledge of the accelerated learning techniques, very often used in the ludic strategy. The introduction of memory techniques during classes contributes to a lasting memorization of a given idiomatic expression, as well as the development of student’s creativity. Play-based learning also encourages students to actively participate in lessons, which translates into didactic effects. The research investigated the knowledge of certain idiomatic phrases among the students of Roman studies as well as their individual learning techniques. The analysis of the survey shows that students do not have enough knowledge in the field of foreign language phraseology. What is more, most of them have never encountered any exercises based on memorization techniques. Apart from the didactic, the linguistic aspect is also presented to help understand the differences and similarities between the phraseological compounds.

A transformação econômica do Nordeste brasileiro nas últimas décadas, uma região frequentemente associada à pobreza, foi profundamente influenciada pelo programa de transferência de renda Bolsa Família. Em A Política da Pobreza, mergulhamos nas dinâmicas de implementação e nos usos políticos desse programa ao nível local, oferecendo uma análise detalhada fruto da pesquisa etnográfica, das interações que conectam os pobres do Nordeste urbano à sociedade diante dos desafios contemporâneos da regulação da pobreza. Este livro explora os diversos desafios enfrentados por políticas como o Bolsa Família em todo o mundo. Existem regras informais que os cidadãos devem observar para acessarem essas políticas públicas? Como os pobres, ao acessar essas instituições, se percebem: como detentores legítimos de direitos ou como beneficiários de favores? O que as interações entre cidadãos e agentes locais responsáveis pela implementação de políticas sociais revelam sobre a sociedade brasileira? Este livro mostra como o acesso a direitos sociais e o exercício de direitos políticos no Brasil são limitados por práticas construídas e legitimadas para regular a vida de pessoas em situação de pobreza.