Open Access Books

Computers were originally invented to solve all sort of mathematical problems. Nowadays, computers do much more than that and are present in all human activities. In fact, a computer is a fantastic machine capable of doing the most amazing tasks, if an appropriate program is provided. A computer system contains hardware and system software that work together to run software applications. Interestingly, the underlying concepts that support the construction of a computer are relatively stable. In fact, (almost) all computer systems have a similar organisation, i.e., their hardware and software components are arranged in hierarchical layers and perform similar functions. This book was written for programmers and software engineers who want to comprehend how the components of a computer work and how they affect the correctness and performance of their programs.

Japanese is definitely one of the best-known languages in typological literature. For example, typologists often assume that Japanese is a nominative-accusative language. However, it is often overlooked that Japanese, or more precisely, Tokyo Japanese, is just one of various local varieties of the Japonic language family (Japanese and Ryukyuan). In fact, the Japonic languages exhibit a surprising typological diversity. For example, some varieties display a split-intransitive as opposed to nominative-accusative system. The present volume is thus a unique attempt to explore the typological diversity of Japonic by providing a collection of grammatical sketches of various local varieties, four from Japanese dialects and five from Ryukyuan. Each grammatical sketch follows the same descriptive format, addressing a wide range of typological topics.

Der Prozess der Modernisierung galt lange als eine Niedergangsgeschichte der Religion. Blickt man jedoch auf das wilhelminische Kaiserreich, so gerät diese Vorstellung schnell ins Wanken. Bürgerliche Emanzipation, Industrialisierung und Verstädterung setzten dem Bedürfnis nach Religion um 1900 kein Ende – im Gegenteil: Die Jahrhundertwende erlebte eine Renaissance religiöser Sinnsuche jenseits der Kirchen. Dasselbe gilt auch für den 1906 gegründeten Deutschen Monistenbund, der unter dem Chemiker Wilhelm Ostwald (1853–1932) zur viel beachteten Freidenkerorganisation aufstieg. Obwohl Monisten eine naturwissenschaftliche Weltanschauung verkündeten und den christlichen Schöpfungsglauben attackierten, blieben sie religiöse Sucher. Ihre Geschichte war geprägt von der kontinuierlichen Arbeit an einem neuen Verständnis von Religion und Säkularität. Ob Naturwissenschaftler, Künstler, Schriftsteller oder liberale Pastoren – sie alle fanden im Monismus eine neue geistige Heimat. Christoffer Leber zeigt anhand der Monismusbewegung auf, dass sich schon im Wilhelminismus eine Reformgesellschaft anbahnte, die wichtige Impulse für spätere Generationen setzte.

The authors deal with empirical and theoretical questions of current vocational and business education research. In addition to disciplinary reflections and analyses on teaching/learning research in vocational education and training, the authors also deal with the professionalisation of personnel in vocational education and training as well as current research findings on the subject of vocational qualification and further training.

Written through a constant exchange between LGBTQIA+ young people, researchers, professionals and foster families, this book offers a valuable tool to improve the practice with LGBTQIA+ youth at a personal, organizational, and policy level. This book shows the powerful influence of relationships and networks for the LGBTQIA+ young person growing up in child protection and welfare systems. LGBTQIA+ youth need meaningful connections with individuals within their communities in order to be able to heal, learn, and be authentically themselves. Child welfare professionals have a crucial role in creating these connections and cultivating supportive environments, free of additional trauma, where LGBTQIA+ young people can feel valued and loved.

Kinder und Jugendliche mussten in der Vergangenheit vielfach Gewalt und Leid in verschiedenen Einrichtungen der stationären Jugendhilfe, der Behindertenhilfe, in Psychiatrien und in sogenannten Verschickungsheimen erfahren. Hierzu gehört auch der missbräuchliche Arzneimitteleinsatz. Die vorliegende Studie, die durch das Land Nordrhein-Westfalen beauftragt wurde, beschreibt exemplarisch Formen und Ausmaß dieses missbräuchlichen Arzneimitteleinsatzes in Einrichtungen in NRW zwischen 1946 und 1980 und geht den zugrundeliegenden Verantwortungsstrukturen nach.

This Special Issue aims to attract the latest research and findings in the design, development and experimentation of healthcare-related technologies. This includes, but is not limited to, using novel sensing, imaging, data processing, machine learning, and artificially intelligent devices and algorithms to assist/monitor the elderly, patients, and the disabled population.

In the year 1999 the project of the inventarisation of the historic gardens in Austria, financed by the Austrian Science Fund FWF was finished with the manuscript “Historic Gardens in Austria. Gardens and Parks from the Renaissance to 1930”. Since 1984 this project was in charge of the author with some other co-workers at the Technical University of Vienna, Department of Landscape Planning and Garden History. This first Austrian inventory tended to consider public and private gardens, parks and artistically formed landscapes of all nine Austrian states from the Renaissance to about 1930 in a systematic manner. In the years of the inventarisation over 1750 historic gardens and parks were discovered, photographed and described. For the publication this numerous and mostly unknown quantity of gardens and parks was arranged in typological groups: gardens and parks of ecclesiastic dwelling-houses as monasteries, convents and cloisters, episcopal and provost buildings, parsonages, gardens and parks of profane buildings as castles, chateaus, palaces, manor-houses, country-houses, villas, dwelling-buildings, development houses, farmhouses, mills, factories, public buildings (monumental buildings) of culture (museum, theatre), education (school, university, botanic garden, arboretum), healing and welfare work (hospital, sanatorium, old people´s home, residential home, youth welfare home), administration (office, embassy), catering and hotel industry and tourism ( hotel, inn, restaurant), sport, recreation and leisure ( swimming-bath, shooting-stand, amusement park, leisure centre), public gardens and parks (without any main-building) as green places, village parks, town parks, village woods, town woods, parks of a spa, memorial parks, promenades, green outside staircases. With the elaboration of the results of the inventarisation, with the consideration of the trade literature, historic maps, plans, views, pictures and other source materials it was possible to present the first documentation of the existing historic gardens and parks in Austria in three volumes, published 2002-2004 (Böhlau Verlag, Wien-Köln-Weimar). This first survey makes known the rich existence of historic garden substance, is available to further scientific research on Austrian garden art and garden culture and affords first informations to protect and preserve this important cultural heritage. The third volume of the inventarisation of the historic gardens and parks in Austria presents the public and private gardens of the Austrian capital Vienna This first survey makes known the rich existence of historic gardens substance, is available to further scientific research on Austrian garden art and garden culture and affords first informations to protect and preserve this important cultural heritage.

This study questions the traditional view of sacrifices in hero-cults during the Archaic to the early Hellenistic periods. The analysis of the epigraphical and literary evidence for sacrifices to heroes in these periods shows, contrary to the traditional notion, that the main ritual in hero-cults was a thysia at which the worshippers consumed the meat from the animal victim. A particular handling of the animal’s blood or a holocaust, rituals previously taken to be typical for heroes, can rare...

Published

This open access book is the first major publication on the topic of “Interdisciplinary Mathematics Education” and arose from the work of the first International Topic Study Group of the same name at the ICME-13 conference in Hamburg in 2016. It offers extensive theoretical insights, empirical research, and practitioner accounts of interdisciplinary mathematics work in STEM and beyond (e.g. in music and the arts). Scholars and practitioners from four continents contributed to this comprehensive book, and present studies on: the conceptualizations of interdisciplinarity; implementation cases at schools and tertiary institutions; teacher education; and implications for policy and practice. Each chapter, and the book itself, closes with an assessment of the most significant aspects that those involved in policy and practice, as well as future researchers, should take into account.

The so-called group writing or syllabic orthography is a special orthography used in Egyptian hieroglyphic texts starting from the New Kingdom/Late Bronze Age. The nature and function of this orthography, especially the way it notates vowels, has been a topic of debate for more than a century, without any consensus being reached. In this book, Marwan Kilani presents a new interpretative model that provides a fresh explanation of how the syllabic orthography notates vowels. The author starts from a critical reanalysis of previous suggestions and from a thorough reassessment of the evidence. He then infers the functioning of the system by comparing the group writing spelling of Late Egyptian words surviving in Coptic with the reconstructions of their vocalizations. This approach leads to the recognition of a system that not only coherently explains all the spellings attested in the corpus, but which also produces interpretations of the spellings in group writing that agree with current reconstructions of the Egyptian vocalization. The book contains indexes and an Appendix listing the words analysed in the study.

Cyberpragmatics is an analysis of Internet-mediated communication from the perspective of cognitive pragmatics. It addresses a whole range of interactions that can be found on the Net: the web page, chat rooms, instant messaging, social networking sites, 3D virtual worlds, blogs, videoconference, e-mail, Twitter, etc. Of special interest is the role of intentions and the quality of interpretations when these Internet-mediated interactions take place, which is often affected by the textual properties of the medium. The book also analyses the pragmatic implications of transferring offline discourses (e.g. printed paper, advertisements) to the screen-framed space of the Net. And although the main framework is cognitive pragmatics, the book also draws from other theories and models in order to build up a better picture of what really happens when people communicate on the Net.

In the Middle Ages, writing was not confined to manuscripts, but inscribed in the broader material world, in textiles and tombs, on weapons or human skin. This volume presents the first comparative overview of text-bearing artefacts in medieval German, Old Norse, British, French, Italian and Iberian literature and offers a fresh perspective on the medieval world that takes seriously the vibrancy of matter as a vital aspect of textual culture.

Aktuelle Daten zur Internationalisierung von Studium, Forschung und Lehre in Deutschland und anderen Ländern werden in der Publikation aufbereitet und analysiert. Seit 2001 legen der Deutsche Akademische Austauschdienst (DAAD) und das Deutsche Zentrum für Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsforschung (DZHW) dieses Standardwerk zur internationalen Mobilität im Hochschulbereich auf. Die Schlaglichter der aktuellen Ausgabe widmen sich dem Studierendenaustausch zwischen den USA und Europa, den Gründen internationaler Studierender für ein Studium in Deutschland, den Arbeits- und Karrierebedingungen internationaler Wissenschaftler:innen an deutschen Hochschulen, der internationalen Mobilität im deutschen Wissenschafts- und Innovationssystem sowie der Entwicklung englischsprachiger Studiengänge in Deutschland und weltweit. Die Autor:innen analysieren Entwicklungen in Bezug auf die internationalen Studierenden und Forschenden in Deutschland, auf das Mobilitätsverhalten von Studierenden und Forschenden aus Deutschland sowie auf die internationale akademische Mobilität weltweit. Die neue Ausgabe enthält zudem erstmals ein weiteres Kapitel zu strukturellen Aspekten der Hochschulinternationalisierung. "Wissenschaft weltoffen" integriert dabei nationale und internationale Daten und liefert so eine valide Basis für Analyse und Monitoring der Internationalisierung im Hochschulbereich.