Open Access Books

An examination of the groups/cells and their 38 core individuals involved in the six most serious violent Jihadist terrorist conspiracies and attacks in the UK between 2004 and 2007 to see if they exhibited any specific types of behaviour.

It is important to know which species occur in Canada to be able to protect them. The goal of this checklist is to identify all known species of flies in Canada. Results indicated that we have 9777 known species of flies in Canada, among 118 families. When considering all known species in Canada, flies represent about 12% of species, making them one of the most diverse groups. On average, each species of flies occurred in 3.2 regions (provinces or territories) in Canada. English and French common names were developed and standardized for all species. This checklist is a fundamental piece of work that will guide the assessment of the conservation status of those species. Il est important de connaître quelles espèces sont présentes au Canada afin de pouvoir les protéger. Le but de cette liste est d’identifier toutes les espèces connues de mouches au Canada. Les résultats indiquent que nous avons 9777 espèces connues de mouches au Canada, parmi 118 familles. En considérant toutes les espèces connues au Canada, les mouches représentent environ 12% des espèces, en faisant l’un des groupes les plus diversifiés. En moyenne, chaque espèce de mouches se retrouvait dans 3,2 régions (provinces ou territoires) au Canada. Des noms communs en français et en anglais ont été développés et normalisés pour toutes les espèces. Cette liste représente un travail fondamental qui aidera l’évaluation du statut de conservation de ces espèces.

In the last decades of the eighteenth century, Voltaire sparked off a fierce debate on the merits and demerits of Shakespeare’s plays, to which Baretti responded with his Discours sur Shakespeare et sur M. de Voltaire. Defending the English playwright against the charges brought against him by the French philosopher, Baretti framed what would be a fundamental tension in the transition from the Age of Enlightenment to the Romantic Age: the question of universalism, understood in terms of the opposition between “universal taste” and “national genius”. In an argument remarkable for its profundity and breadth of reference, Baretti raises issues that are still topical today, such as the process of globalization and the desire to overcome cultural boundaries and achieve a homogenization of aesthetic taste, bringing a new urgency to the dialectic between the universal and the particular.

Photon counting is a unified name for the techniques using single-photon detection for accumulative measurements of the light flux, normally occurring under extremely low-light conditions. Nowadays, this approach can be applied to the wide variety of the radiation wavelengths, starting from X-ray and deep ultraviolet transitions and ending with far-infrared part of the spectrum. As a special tribute to the photon counting, the studies of cosmic microwave background radiation in astronomy, the experiments with muon detection, and the large-scale fundamental experiments on the nature of matter should be noted. The book provides readers with an overview on the fundamentals and state-of-the-art applications of photon counting technique in the applied science and everyday life.

The author asks about the institutional and personal conditions under which academic writing centres can be established in the long term. As an example, she analyses the situation at universities in the USA, where problems are similar to those in Germany: lack of acceptance, lack of financial provision and unclear expectations. Expert interviews with directors of writing centres serve as the empirical basis. The focal point of the investigation is institutionalisation work at management level that is equally characterised by intentional and accidental actions, successes and failures. The result is a model for institutionalisation work by writing centre directors, as well as recommendations for actions that are transferrable to the establishment of writing centres and other innovative institutions at German universities.

Lire l’hétérogénéité romanesque, troisième volume de la collection « Approches interdisciplinaires de la lecture », rassemble les communications présentées dans le cadre du séminaire AIL tenu à Reims en 2007-2008. La catégorie de l’hétérogène, comme celle de l’autre, objet du séminaire de l’an passé, traverse toutes les disciplines. De la simple différence d’éléments composant un tout selon une unification que certains qualifieront de dialectique, à la dissemblance plus accusée mettant en péril la belle unité du tout ainsi formé, se laisse déjà entrevoir l’ambivalence de l’hétérogénéité. La première partie de ce volume s’attache à en étudier les effets dans le cadre spécial de « L’expérience de lecture romanesque ». La seconde, « Lire la peinture par le roman ou le roman par la peinture ? », s’intéresse aux problèmes posés par l’association entre écriture romanesque et expression picturale. Complémentarité ? Coprésence dérangeante ? Deux formes encore de l'hétérogénéité.

This book offers an account of perceptual experience—its intrinsic nature, its engagement with the world, its relations to mental states of other kinds, and its role in epistemic norms. One of the book’s main claims is that perceptual experience constitutively involves representations of worldly items. A second claim is that the relevant form of representation can be explained in broadly biological terms. After defending these foundational doctrines, the book proceeds to give an account of perceptual appearances and how they are related to the objective world. Appearances turn out to be relational, viewpoint dependent properties of external objects. There is also a complementary account of how the objects that possess these properties are represented. Another major concern is the phenomenological dimension of perception. The book maintains that perceptual phenomenology can be explained reductively in terms of the representational contents of experiences, and it uses this doctrine to undercut the traditional arguments for dualism. This treatment of perceptual phenomenology is then expanded to encompass cognitive phenomenology, the phenomenology of moods and emotions, and the phenomenology of pain. The next topic is the various forms of consciousness that perceptual experience can possess. A principal aim is to show that phenomenology is metaphysically independent of these forms of consciousness, and another is to de-mystify the form known as phenomenal consciousness. The book concludes by discussing the relations of various kinds that perceptual experiences bear to higher level cognitive states, including relations of format, content, and justification or support.

This volume contains the correspondence of Giuseppe De Blasiis (1832-1914), the first History professor of the Neapolitan University. In his leading role as a 19th century Italian Historiographer, he was responsible for the scientific structure of the Neapolitan Society of National History, of which he was a founding member and later president. His studies on Medieval History, without forgetting those he carried out on the modern age, as well as his vast knowledge of the documentary and bibliographical sources from Naples, made him a privileged spokesman for anyone who wanted to approach the history of southern continental Italy.

Questo volume si inserisce in una linea di riflessione che, nella sua fisionomia generale, va ricondotta all’ampio dibattito, nazionale ed internazionale, sui temi connessi alle trasformazioni dell’identità della biblioteca e della biblioteca pubblica in particolare, secondo una prospettiva che è anche quella della “lunga durata”, prendendo in esame questioni che hanno a che fare con la dimensione spaziale di questa problematica identità, o che comunque dal concetto di spazio, nella sua indefinita dimensione teorica, estetica, metaforica, traggono origine. A questo asse centrale del libro si collegano ulteriori temi, dalla discussione della evoluzione in senso ‘sociale’ della biblioteconomia alla riflessione storico-architettonica sul concetto di ‘canone’, dalla ipotesi di “arricchire” lo spazio percettivo della biblioteca fino al tema, di grande interesse, della selezione, raccolta ed analisi dei dati digitali. Dati che, in quanto tracce, rendono disponibili informazioni sulle azioni e sulle attività riferibili al modo con cui le persone “leggono” la forma dell’ambiente bibliotecario e del suo complesso ecosistema informativo.

Der vorliegende Band enthält die überarbeiteten Beiträge zur Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgruppe Wettbewerb des Wirtschaftspolitischen Ausschusses im Verein für Socialpolitik im März 2000 in Potsdam. Ziel dieser Tagung war es, den zur Zeit stattfindenden bahnbrechenden Umbruch der Kapitalmärkte im Spannungsfeld von ökonomischer Theorie sowie wirtschaftlicher und politischer Praxis zu analysieren. Peter Lischke von der Verbraucherzentrale Berlin legt die Entwicklungen am Grauen Kapitalmarkt aus Sicht des Verbraucherschutzes dar. Ekkehard Kurth, Leiter der Abteilung Wirtschaftsordnung, Finanzdienstleistungen, Börsen im Hessischen Wirtschaftsministerium geht der Frage nach, ob vor dem Hintergrund globalisierter und einem internationalen Wettbewerb ausgesetzter Kapitalmärkte eine grenzüberschreitende Wertpapieraufsicht notwendig ist. Daß der Markt für Beteiligungsgesellschaften volkswirtschaftlich relevante Dimensionen erreicht hat, zeigt Dietrich Weber (Beteiligungsgesellschaft für die deutsche Wirtschaft mbH). Er analysiert daher, welche Erwartungen einer Volkswirtschaft an Beteiligungsgesellschaften erfüllbar sind und welche nicht. Daran knüpft der Beitrag von Xaver Carl Zimmerer (Interfinanz GmbH & Co KG) an. Anhand des Geschäfts mit dem Verkauf von Unternehmensbeteiligungen oder ganzer Unternehmen zeigt er auf, welche Herausforderungen Finanzdienstleister im Wettbewerb erfüllen müssen. Bernhard Hafner (Allgemeine Deutsche Direktbank AG) schildert seine Erfahrungen beim Aufbau einer erfolgreich im Wettbewerb stehenden Direktbank. Wolfgang Artopoeus (Bundesaufsichtsamt für das Kreditwesen) stellt die Probleme dar, die sich für das Bundesaufsichtsamt für das Kreditwesen als Regulierungsbehörde aufgrund der Entwicklung neuer Finanzdienstleister, -produkte und -märkte ergeben. Bernhard Herz faßt die Tagung zusammen und gibt einen Ausblick auf die in Zukunft zu erwartenden theoretischen, politischen und praktischen Entwicklungen. Die Autoren decken - aus der Sicht der Wirtschaftspraxis - ein weites Spektrum aktueller Entwicklungen der Finanzmärkte ab. Der Band bietet daher Politikern, Unternehmern und Wissenschaftlern eine Informations- und Handlungsgrundlage in Bezug auf neueste wirtschaftliche Tendenzen in diesem Bereich.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

In this work, we address the problem of simultaneously determining a pricing and inventory replenishment strategy under reference price effects. This reference price effect models the fact that consumers not only react sensitively to the current price, but also to deviations from a reference price formed on the basis of past purchases. Immediate effects of price reductions on profits have to be weighted against the resulting losses in future periods. By providing an analytical analysis and numerical simulations we study how the additional dynamics of the consumers’ willingness to pay affect an optimal pricing and inventory control model and whether a simple policy such as a base-stock-list-price policy holds in such a setting.

This book discusses the applicability of Western International Relations (IR) theories to Asia and Africa and the rise of non-Western IR theories (especially in Asia), with case studies focused on the Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Sub-Saharan African regions. Theoretically grounded studies of Asia and Africa are still in high demand, as International Relations scholarship on and in those regions seems underdeveloped in this regard. This is the case both in the application of Western theories in research on Asia and Africa, but especially IR theory-building by scholars in both regions. The book is driven by the question, whether we need specific Asia and Africa-oriented IR theories to describe, explain and predict developments in regional international relations or can we apply or adapt the so-called Western IR theories.

This volume assembles contributions from different academic perspectives (religious and Islamic studies, literary and theatre studies, theology, sociology and history) on modern manifestations of martyrdom in the diverse Middle Eastern religious traditions, including Islam, Christianity, Judaism and the Baha'i-faith. The latter is considered in more detail since it is often not included in comparative studies on the monotheistic religions. An excursus into the farer East composes the contribution on Mahatma Ghandi. The volume considers central sociological, philosophical and theological problems which lie at the heart of the phenomenon of martyrdom, the significance of martyrdom in different conflicts, the competing martyr figures which develop in the course of these conflicts as well as the accompanying representations in art and ritual.