Open Access Books

Rightless Resistance investigates why resistance to land grabbing so often fails. The rapid expansion of oil palm plantations has triggered widespread conflict across rural Indonesia as communities lose their land with little compensation. Based on an unprecedented study of 150 such conflicts, this book uncovers how villagers fight back against palm oil companies, and what their struggles reveal about power, law, and citizenship in postcolonial Indonesia. Enduring colonial legacies and collusive politics have left rural Indonesians virtually rightless, so villagers turn to customary traditions and social norms instead of formal law—a strategy that rarely gets results. By analyzing this resistance to corporate land grabbing, Ward Berenschot, Ahmad Dhiaulhaq, Afrizal, and Otto Hospes offer a new perspective on why land rights movements often fall short. When the legal system is unreliable, people aim lower—and the deeper power imbalances facilitating their dispossession go unchallenged.

Light verbs are semantically reduced verbs that simultaneously exhibit a heavy verb usage. The papers in this volume examine light verbs from different perspectives in various languages and address questions such as: What meaning does a light verb contribute to a light verb construction? What restrictions regarding nominal elements do light verbs exhibit? What influence do light verbs have on the argument structure of light verb constructions?

Jüdische Gemeinden in Europa pflegten bereits seit dem Mittelalter den Brauch, Regelwerke zu schaffen, die die Grundrichtlinien für das gewollte Verhalten innerhalb der meist autonomen Gemeinschaften zusammenfassten, aber auch nicht selten Bezug auf die Kontakte zur nichtjüdischen Umwelt schafften. Diese Statuten wurden in Hebräisch mit dem Begriff »Takkanot« bezeichnet, der in seiner Grundbedeutung so viel wie »Vervollkommnung« bedeutet.In den autonomen jüdischen Gemeinden wurden diese Gesetzeskompilationen seit dem Mittelalter nicht mehr ausschließlich von religionsgesetzlichen Autoritäten, sondern zunehmend auch von Vorstehern und Ältesten erstellt, natürlich immer unter Wahrung des hochkomplexen Bereiches der zahlreichen Gebote. Sie bestimmten weitaus mehr Bereiche des Lebens in der Gemeinschaft als nur den religiösen Bereich. Seit dem Aufblühen der jüdischen Gemeindeautonomie ab dem 10. und 11. Jahrhundert wurde der Bedarf solcher Regelungen immer größer, da der eigenen Gerichtsbarkeit natürlich auch entsprechende normative Grundlagen gegeben werden musste. Beinahe flächendeckend treten die Gemeindestatuten dann als Phänomen in der Frühen Neuzeit auf, dabei zunehmend ausdifferenziert, stark an säkularen Themen orientiert und mit deutlichen lokalen Besonderheiten versehen.Dem Phänomen der Takkanot in seiner gesamten Breite wurde in der Forschung bislang nur wenig Beachtung geschenkt. Insgesamt haben sich Historiker mit jüdischen Gemeindestatuten erst in den letzten 120 Jahren befasst, wobei jedoch nie eine dichte Folge von Arbeiten oder gar Kontroversen dazu entstanden. Der vorliegende Band erlaubt erstmals eine breite Gesamtsicht über 15 bedeutende aschkenasische Statutentexte aus der Zeit vom 17. bis zum frühen 19. Jahrhundert im Originaltext und in ausgewählten Teilen auch in deutscher Übersetzung.

We used a miniature broadband NIRS system to monitor concentration changes in brain oxygenation (oxy- and deoxy- haemoglobin [HbO2], [HHb]) and oxidised cytochrome-c-oxidase ([oxCCO]) during a high +Gz acceleration, induced by a human centrifuge, on two healthy experienced volunteers (2 male, 34 and 37 years). We performed a sequence of several +Gz exposures that were terminated at the onset of visual symptoms (loss of peripheral vision). Systemic parameters were recorded (i.e. heart rate, blood pressure and arterial saturation), and brain tissue blood volume changes ([HbT] = [HbO2] + [HHb]) and oxygen delivery ([HbDiff] = [HbO2] - [HHb]) were calculated. Volunteer 1 demonstrated a decrease in [HbT] of −3.49 ± 0.02 μMol and [HbDiff] of −3.23 ± 0.44 μMol, and an increase of [oxCCO] of 0.42 ± 0.01μMol. Volunteer 2 demonstrated a decrease in [HbDiff] of −4.37 ± 0.23 μMol, and no significant change in [HbT] (0.53 ± 0.06 μMol) and [oxCCO] (0.09 ± 0.06 μMol). The variability of the brain metabolic response was related to the level of ischaemia, suggesting that suppression of metabolism was due to lack of glucose substrate delivery rather than oxygen availability.

Zahlreiche Archive bekennen sich mittlerweile zum Grundgedanken der Offenheit, zu partizipativen und nutzerorientierten Zielen, zur Nutzung digitaler Werkzeuge. Mit Gründung der Konferenzreihe „Offene Archive” hat sich eine Gruppe von Archivar*innen 2012 aufgemacht, die digitale Zukunft von Archiven in Deutschland besser zu gestalten. Das Konferenzblog hat sich als erste und einzige Plattform für das deutsche Archivwesen etabliert. Zeit für eine Rückschau, Statusbetrachtung und Zukunftsplanung. Das Buch basiert auf fachlichen und praxisnahen Beiträgen des Blogs und setzt sich mit digitalen Themen wie der Implementierung und Nutzung von Sozialen Medien und Blogs, Möglichkeiten der partizipativen Nutzer*innenkontakte sowie der technischen Umsetzbarkeit von (Open-)Online-Tools für die klassischen Archivaufgaben auseinander.; German archives and digital transformation: Numerous archives are now committed to the idea of openness, to participatory and user-oriented goals, and to the use of digital tools. With the founding of the ""Open Archives"" conference series in 2012, a group of archivists set out to better shape the digital future of archives in Germany. The conference blog will be ten years old in early 2022 and has established itself as the first and only platform for German archiving. Time for a retrospective, status review and future planning. The book is based on diverse professional and practical contributions to the blog and deals with digital topics, such as the implementation and use of social media and blogs for archives, possibilities of participative user contacts of all kinds, as well as the technical feasibility of (open) online tools for the classic archive tasks.

This anthology offers historical perspectives on higher music education, with a particular focus on the origins and development of the Norwegian Academy of Music. It is published in connection with the Academy's 50th anniversary in 2023. The book contains chapters that discuss the institutionalisation of music education, the master–apprentice model, the development of so-called ‘supporting’ subjects in higher music education, the establishment and emergence of different disciplines, the evolution of genres within performance, and the expansion of higher music education's area of responsibility. The history of music education can be explored from different vantage points, based on both written and oral sources. The contributions in this anthology reflect various ways of working with historical research in a music educational context. The book will be of particular interest to administrators, teachers and students in higher music education, and to anyone interested in music education. We also hope that it can serve as inspiration for future historically orientated research in higher music education.

El siglo XXI plantea serios retos y tensiones en un mundo que muestra cada vez más avasalladoras la violencia y la miseria hechas a modo de la reproducción del capital. Pero en medio de esa vorágine, se escuchan también, firmes y constantes, las voces de los pueblos indígenas, tradicionales y quilombolas del continente interpelando a la soberbia modernidad, mostrando que otros mundos son posibles, que otros mundos, aquí y ahora, están siendo. Sus voces claras, a través de más de quinientos años de una tenaz lucha y resistencia, van marcando el paso de un espacio y un tiempo en el que prima la vida. Esa vida de todos que hoy tiembla ante la tiranía de las mercancías.

Parmi les livres qui ont permis aux sociétés modernes et contemporaines d’élaborer une nouvelle compréhension du monde terrestre à la suite des entreprises de découverte et de conquête engagées par les puissances européennes, les atlas géographiques, dès leur apparition en Europe à la fin du XVIe siècle, ont occupé une place déterminante. À la fois espaces d’expérimentation graphique et produits de synthèses intellectuelles, mais aussi objets de prestige et de pouvoir, ils offraient à leurs utilisateurs l’image et le récit d’une maîtrise réelle et symbolique possible de l’espace. Le présent ouvrage a pour ambition d’étudier les atlas géographiques dans l’histoire de leurs productions, de leurs transformations, de leurs circulations, ainsi que de leurs effets sociaux et politiques. Il propose également d’envisager l’atlas, de manière générale, comme une forme éditoriale spécifique qui organise les conditions visuelles du savoir sur le monde. Les atlas géographiques sont, d’une part, étudiés dans leur fonction politique, c’est-à-dire dans le rôle qu’ils ont pu jouer dans l’exercice du pouvoir, dans la fabrication des territoires et dans le développement des imaginaires politiques. Ils sont, d’autre part, considérés dans leur portée cognitive, c’est-à-dire comme des dispositifs graphiques de construction, d’organisation, de conservation et de transport des connaissances géographiques. Ils sont, enfin, reconnus comme des objets matériels, qui relèvent de pratiques graphiques et éditoriales spécifiques et de métiers particuliers (le dessin, la gravure, l’imprimerie, la librairie).

This open access book systematically applies the philosophy of the Golden Mean to interpret the public budgeting process, policies, and reforms in contemporary China, within the framework of Commentary on The Doctrine of the Mean by Zhu Xi, a Neo-Confucian scholar of the Song Dynasty. By constructing a classic perspective for understanding public budgeting in China, the book offers insights that are both innovative and grounded in traditional philosophy. With the rich experience in research and execution in public budgeting, the author provides Western readers with an easy access to understanding the Chinese perspective on budgeting, the budgeting process in China, and its underlying logic.

This Special Issue of Crystals contains papers focusing on various properties of conducting ceramics. Multiple aspects of both the research and application of this group of materials have been addressed. Conducting ceramics are the wide group of mostly oxide materials which play crucial roles in various technical applications, especially in the context of the harvesting and storage of energy. Without ion-conducting oxides, such as yttria-stabilized zirconia, doped ceria devices such as solid oxide fuel cells would not exist, not to mention the wide group of other ion conductors which can be applied in batteries or even electrolyzers, besides fuel cells. The works published in this Special Issue tackle experimental results as well as general theoretical trends in the field of ceramic conductors, or electroceramics, as it is often referred to.

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In recent years, peptides have received increased interest from the pharmaceutical industry. The high potency, specificity, and safety profile are the main strengths of bioactive peptides as new and promising therapies that may fill the gap between small molecules and protein drugs. These positive attributes have renewed interest in the discovery, optimization, and development of peptides as pharmacological therapy. Among bioactive peptides, those released from food sources have acquired importance as nutraceutical and active components in functional foods because they possess regulatory functions that can lead to health benefits. This Special Issue covers a selection of recent research papers and reviews in the field of bioactive peptides. It covers all aspects of peptide research in relation to health promotion. In particular, it emphasizes current knowledge and research trends concerning bioactive peptides, including identification and quantification of peptides from new sources, methods for their production and purification, structure–function relationships, mechanisms of action, in vitro and in vivo assays for the evaluation of their bioactivity, physiological evidence to support health benefits, and peptide stability and bioavailability. Papers regarding the development of new drugs, functional foods, or nutraceuticals based on bioactive peptides were also considered.

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The Art of Compilation: Manuscripts and Networks in the Early Medieval Latin West interrogates the medieval manuscript book as a dynamic, constantly changing object entangled in intellectual and cultural networks, constructed and deconstructed by different people, and transmuting in form and meaning over time. Medieval manuscripts are not static, permanently bound, and delimited, but rather serve as evidence for the layered relationships between texts and their material supports, and when we realize that, we gain a clearer view of medieval manuscript culture as driven by the agency and intellectual exchange of the people behind it. This volume of essays investigates early medieval Western European manuscript culture as a field of entangled objects, focusing on the connections between knowledge selection, material representation, and scribal agency. The complex road of compiling selected texts into manuscripts (compilatio) in the early Middle Ages is still not well understood, yet it is the key to the historical context surrounding medieval manuscript culture. The practice of knowledge selection consisted of three key stages: the intellectual selection of the textual content of manuscript collections; the pragmatic action of arranging the textual content in a draft form by authors or editors; and the material representation and aesthetic exposition of texts in manuscripts. These stages were part of a linear development, but also exercised reciprocal influence upon one another. By tracing this process in surviving manuscript collections, we can better understand in what practical ways knowledge was encoded and how these often innovative and experimental practices contributed to the emergence and consolidation of intellectual and scribal traditions. This has important implications for how we understand education, reform, and the exercise of power in the early Middle Ages.