Open Access Books

Cet ouvrage propose une approche générale de cet objet médiatique qu’est le commentaire sportif, sur lequel il n’y avait à ce jour que des analyses parcellaires. Traitant du commentaire radiophonique et télévisuel, il propose une vision complète d’un genre discursif médiatique d’un point de vue fonctionnel mais surtout communicationnel. Partant du postulat que le commentaire est un genre en soi, dont la fonction est de faire vivre l’action sportive à distance, il a été exploré sous un angle interlocutif. S’appuyant sur la triangulation (journaliste/consultant/audiospectateur) mise en place dès les premières heures de la retransmission, il décrit le lien communicationnel établi par les commentateurs dans le but de faire vivre de manière substitutionnelle le spectacle de la compétition, et de produire une véritable rencontre dont le modèle est la communication interpersonnelle.

This is the first in a series of sourcebooks charting the reception of Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā, d.1037) in the Islamic East (from Syria to central Asia) in the 12th-13th centuries CE. Avicenna was the dominant philosophical authority in this period, who provoked generations of thinkers to subtle critique, defense, and development of his ideas. The series will translate and analyze hundreds of passages from works by such figures as al-Ghazālī, al-Suhrawardī, Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, and many more. This volume focuses especially on issues in metaphysics, dealing with topics like the essence-existence distinction, the problem of universals, free will and determinism, Platonic Forms, good and evil, proofs of God’s existence, and the relationship between philosophy and theology.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Thomas R. Heinrich explores American shipbuilding from the workshop level to subcontracting networks spanning the Delaware Valley.Winner of the North American Society for Oceanic History's John Lyman Book AwardOriginally published in 1996. Sustained by a skilled work force and the Pennsylvania iron and steel industry, Philadelphia shipbuilders negotiated the transition from wooden to iron hull construction earlier and far more easily that most other builders. Between the Civil War and World War I, Philadelphia emerged as the vital center of American shipbuilding, constructing a wide variety of vessel types such as passenger liners, freighters, battleships, and cruisers.In Ships for the Seven Seas, Thomas R. Heinrich explores this complex industry from the workshop level to subcontracting networks spanning the Delaware Valley. He describes entrepreneurial strategies and industrial change that facilitated the rise of major shipbuilding firms; how naval architecture, marine engineering, and craft skills evolved as iron and steel overtook wood as the basic construction material; and how changes in domestic and international trade and the rise of the American steel navy helped generate vessel contracts for local builders. Heinrich also examines the formation of the military-industrial complex in the context of naval contracting.Contributing to current debates in business history, Ships for the Seven Seas explains how proprietary ownership and batch production strategies enabled late nineteenth-century builders to supply volatile markets with custom-built steamships. But large-scale naval construction in the 1920s eroded production flexibility, Heinrich argues, and since then, ill-conceived merchant marine policies and naval contracting procedures have brought about a structural crisis in American shipbuilding and the demise of the venerable Philadelphia shipyards.

Increased crop vulnerability to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses can have a marked influence on the productivity of major crops, especially sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), thereby counteracting the potential to achieve the goal of “ZERO HUNGER” proposed by the FAO-UN. To cope with various stresses, plants have evolved complex rapid responses, but crop efficiency is still severely hampered. The prevailing alarming climate change scenario and future changing weather provide challenges for researchers to better understand plant responses, such as the activation of different signal cascades, followed by signal transduction, and triggering the respective gene expression in response to single or combined biotic or abiotic stresses, thus ultimately balancing the trade-off between plant growth and defense. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in crops, including sugarcane, in deciphering the roles of biomarker genes and signaling pathways that are involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. Therefore, this reprint will highlight the recent advances made in the utilization of different conventional and modern biotechnological strategies to better understand stress adaptation and tolerance mechanisms in sugarcanes.

Henry of Herford frequently addresses medical topics throughout his encyclopedia, the Catena aurea entium. The paper offers an overview of the sections that deal with health, sickness, and diseases. While including key texts of medieval medical literature, Henry’s ‘medical library’ has a specific focus on practical medicine, pharmacology, and the regimen. The paper also includes editions of some questions dedicated to specific diseases.

The purpose of the present study is to search for some theoretically satisfying way of describing the case system of Russian. The fundamental justification of this study that the problem of superficial cases, in spite of being one of the most researched areas of language, has not been given a satisfactory solution - so much so that even the problem of what to look for in an analysis of cases is completely open.

L’armée algérienne est une institution névralgique mais, soixante ans après l’indépendance, son histoire reste très peu documentée : ce livre, totalement dépassionné, écrit avec la froide rigueur d’une historienne, restitue à sa juste mesure, et en l’incarnant, la place de l’armée dans le système politique algérien. L’Armée de libération nationale (ALN), en tant qu’unique force organisée dans le pays a, de fait, préfiguré l’État indépendant. L’ascendant de l’État-major de l’ALN en 1962, le coup d’État du 19 juin 1965, la tentative de putsch du chef d’état-major en 1967 ainsi que d’autres péripéties ont d’emblée situé l’armée au cœur du pouvoir et de ses tumultes. De fait perçue comme « une boîte noire », l’armée est à l’origine de nombreux mythes, voire de fantasmes – ainsi des expressions médiatiques telles « les BTS » (Batna-Tébessa-Souk-Ahras) ou « les DAF » (Déserteurs de l’armée française). Saphia Arezki s’applique à les déconstruire avec précision à travers l’étude concrète de la trajectoire d’officiers de l’ANP ayant contribué à la construction de l’armée nationale moderne. Le livre dévoile comment Houari Boumediene a assuré, dans une démarche pragmatique voire tâtonnante, la transition entre une armée de libération et une armée nationale, conciliant l’impératif politique d’intégrer les grands chefs de l’ALN et celui d’impliquer les compétences techniques. Il retrace également les évolutions qui se sont faites par la suite au sein de l’armée avec l’arrivée de Chadli Bendjedid au pouvoir. La mise en relief du parcours des hommes et des groupes dans leur contexte historique apporte un éclairage remarquable sur la construction aussi bien de l’institution que de l’État indépendant.

During the development process of nonimaging systems the geometrical modeling of optical surfaces plays a decisive role. The presented mathematical algorithm generates optical freeform surfaces in a direct, non-iterative, calculation according to the specifications given by the optical designer. The shown method is applicable in particular to systems with very small light sources, e.g. LEDs, laser diodes and gas discharge lamps.

Cet ouvrage s’attache à comprendre les modalités et les processus en jeu dans la construction des inégalités d’accès aux savoirs en EPS en croisant les regards sociologiques et didactiques. Selon les articles, la focale est mise sur les effets différentiels voire différenciateurs de la diffusion/appropriation des savoirs en fonction du type d’établissement, de la position scolaire des élèves, du genre ou du positionnement de genre et des profils des élèves, notamment ceux à besoins particuliers. Au-delà de leur spécificité, liée à l’ancrage disciplinaire et au contexte d’étude, les résultats exposés contribuent à éclairer les modalités de dépassement des inégalités d’accès aux savoirs. Ce livre s’adresse aux formateurs intervenant en formation initiale ou continue en EPS, aux chercheurs et doctorants en didactique(s) ou en sociodidactique ainsi qu’aux enseignants d’EPS ou aux étudiants se destinant au métier d’enseignant du premier ou du second degré.

"Multi-grade classes are experiencing a renaissance in the current German educational system. On the one hand, pedagogical reasons are discussed. On the other hand, the motto “short legs, short ways” as well as school organizational requirements play a decisive role. Considering the theoretical background of innovation-specific implications of multi-grade learning, the phases and conditions of school development, and the structure of professional action, the study explores how the initiation and implementation of multi-grade classes for pragmatic reasons are realized. The subquestions of the study investigate challenges of the school development process, action strategies and justifications of school administrators and teachers, their innovation-specific ideas of multi-grade learning, as well as supporting and inhibiting development conditions in the transfer of change to the individual school. For data collection eight school administrators and 16 class administrators at eight Bavarian elementary schools that had established a so-called “combi-class” 1/2 for the first time were interviewed. The transcripts were analyzed with the qualitative content analysis. In addition, an explicating document analysis was carried out. The results show that there are role-specific demands on school administrators and teachers. These are: negotiating and planning the initiation and implementation, leading and steering the development process at the individual school, and organizing and implementing the change, especially at the teaching level. The study provides an insight into individual school development processes as well as into circumstances of multi-grade learning that is ordered by school authorities due to demographic reasons or scarce personal resources. The study reveals how challenging it is for school and class administrators to broaden the age groupspecific (homogenizing) view. However, the data also show a rise in professionalization because of this school development process. Despite the top-down process of initiation, multi-grade classes can function as a motor for a changed approach to heterogeneity."

A „Magyar terminológiastratégia: tervek és megvalósíthatóság” címmel (témaszám: 20803B800) a Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem Bölcsészet- és Társadalomtudományi Kara által támogatott jelen kutatási projekt témája és célja a magyar terminológiastratégia kialakításának kérdésköre. A stratégiát megfogalmaztuk, ismerjük az általános irányt és az elérendő célokat, és azt is tudjuk, miért szeretnénk mindezt megvalósítani. Az a kérdés maradt nyitott, hogy hogyan, milyen módszerekkel, határidőkkel és szereplőkkel történhet a megvalósítás. Ennek megfelelően ezúttal az egyik kutatási kérdés a terminológiastratégia megvalósításának mikéntje, a másik pedig az, hogy mi módon, milyen lépésekben lehetséges megvalósítani a terminológiastratégia egyik sarokpontjának, a magyar nemzeti terminológiai adatbázisnak az elkészítését.

The book addresses the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in different areas of economics and business management, exploring its impacts and benefits. In the introduction, it highlights how digital transformation redefines organizational strategies and fosters continuous innovation, improving responsiveness to market demands. Methodologically, case studies and data analysis are used to illustrate the application of AI. The results show that, in accounting, AI automates repetitive tasks, reduces errors and improves accuracy, allowing professionals to focus on strategic activities. In finance, intelligent trading algorithms increase the speed and accuracy of transactions, improving market competitiveness and liquidity. Risk management benefits from predictive models that anticipate potential threats, while regulatory compliance is strengthened through automated monitoring. In terms of sustainable development, AI optimizes resource allocation and improves energy efficiency, contributing to greener and more equitable policies. The conclusion highlights the need for an ethical and transparent approach to AI implementation to ensure fair and responsible decisions.

This reprint explores the complex balance between oxidative stress and redox homeostasis in blood cells, shedding light on their impact on cellular function, systemic health, and disease states. Blood cells continuously navigate a dynamic redox environment, from their formation in the bone marrow to their lifespan in circulation, where oxidative challenges shape their function, integrity, and interactions with other cell types. The studies featured in this reprint highlight the role of antioxidant defense mechanisms, metabolic adaptations, and novel therapeutic approaches in mitigating oxidative damage. By integrating the findings of diverse conditions, ranging from hematological disorders to systemic diseases, this reprint offers a comprehensive perspective on the dynamic interplay between redox biology and blood cell function.

En dehors de l’État, les waqfs n’étaient-ils pas dans l’ancien droit musulman les seules personnes morales ayant un patrimoine autonome affecté à un but statutaire se situant fréquemment dans le champ d’action qu’occuperont progressivement les services publics ? Si au fur et à mesure du développement de l’intervention de l’État les biens waqfs perdent leur domaine d’affectation, ils représentent cependant toujours un enjeu économique important — tant pour l’État qui songe à en faire l’instrum...