Open Access Books

The end of slavery in the United States inspired conflicting visions of the future for all Americans in the nineteenth century, black and white, slave and free. The black child became a figure upon which people projected their hopes and fears about slavery’s abolition. As a member of the first generation of African Americans raised in freedom, the black child—freedom’s child—offered up the possibility that blacks might soon enjoy the same privileges as whites: landownership, equality, autonomy. Yet for most white southerners, this vision was unwelcome, even frightening. Many northerners, too, expressed doubts about the consequences of abolition for the nation and its identity as a white republic. From the 1850s and the Civil War to emancipation and the official end of Reconstruction in 1877, Raising Freedom’s Child examines slave emancipation and opposition to it as a far-reaching, national event with profound social, political, and cultural consequences. Mary Niall Mitchell analyzes multiple views of the black child—in letters, photographs, newspapers, novels, and court cases—to demonstrate how Americans contested and defended slavery and its abolition. With each chapter, Mitchell narrates an episode in the lives of freedom’s children, from debates over their education and labor to the future of racial classification and American citizenship.Raising Freedom’s Child illustrates how intensely the image of the black child captured the imaginations of many Americans during the upheavals of the Civil War era. Through public struggles over the black child, Mitchell argues, Americans by turns challenged and reinforced the racial inequality fostered under slavery in the United States. Only with the triumph of segregation in public schools in 1877 did the black child lose her central role in the national debate over civil rights, a role she would not play again until the 1950s.

Aim of the article is to analyze a specific situation of Krakow during the Nazi-German occupation, when the city played a role of a capital of the General Government. The city functioned under a typical occupation regime, however, at the same time it was a seat of the authorities. As a result thousands of German functionaries and their families settled in Krakow. It had significant impact on many aspects of functioning of Krakow, ranging from social and housing issues, through architecture, economy, methods of extermination of the Jewish population and finally organization of the Polish underground. A separate issue discussed in the article are the Nazi propaganda campaigns conducted mainly in Krakow. Due to limitations, all these issues are presented in a general way, nevertheless giving a picture of specificity of Krakow’s war experience. Author indicates that the fate of the city is not typical for the Polish lands occupied by the Third Reich. Contradictory to the other places, Krakow was not only a city that was conquered and controlled, but we can see it as a beginning of a new, colonial, Nazi order in the Eastern Europe.

O livro O Diretório dos Índios na América Portuguesa: aplicações e adaptações (1757-1808) reflete a expansão das pesquisas realizadas nos últimos anos sobre o Diretório dos Índios nos domínios portugueses na América. A ampliação desses estudos permitiu compreender de que maneira uma lei, inicialmente redigida para ser implementada na atual Região Amazônica, foi praticada, com adaptações, no restante do Brasil. Dessa forma, a obra aponta a diversidade das realidades vivenciadas durante a aplicação do Diretório dos Índios nos domínios portugueses na América. Os capítulos deste livro contemplam discussões que abrangem uma variedade de abordagens, algumas das quais pouco exploradas, como a política linguística indígena e a relação dos povos indígenas com o espaço e o mundo natural.

Herbs and Spices - New Processing Technologies is a collection of research and review chapters offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of herbs and spices, with a focus on plants containing bioactive components and the utilization of novel processing technologies in the development of functional products. The book consists of four sections containing fourteen chapters written by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the research of plants and bioactive compounds.

The interdisciplinary systemic model of the program allows the integration of different information systems and data capture, triangulated through methodological strategies and investigative pedagogical practices that focus on the information, skills, concepts, attitudes and qualities that students must acquire to be able to address the problems of development and rural life at different levels. It also contributes to the development of the individual's capabilities, namely, learning and development of skills, among which stand out ambivalent communication, the use of ICTs, autonomous learning and teamwork.

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Resulta de uma pesquisa sobre o sofrimento de nervos entre mulheres na comunidade do Campeche, em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Entremeando relatos das pacientes a observações pessoais e teóricas, a autora traça um retrato do atendimento médico no local, bem como das relações interpessoais, utilizando, como cenário, o problema dos nervos. Antropologia e medicina se unem, oferecendo uma visão mais completa de uma queixa cada vez mais freqüente nos consultórios em todo o mundo. Mais do que uma pesquisa, é um relato permeado de humanidade. Fica para o leitor a tarefa, sugerida pela autora, de refletir sobre a relação entre gênero, saúde, violência e nervos.

This Edited Volume “Advances and Technologies in Building Construction and Structural Analysis” is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of advances and technologies in building construction and structural analysis. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the alternative medicine research area. All chapters are complete in themselves but united under a common research study topic. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors on advances and technologies in building construction and structural analysis and opening new possible research paths for further novel developments.

A study of epilepsy from an engineering perspective, this volume begins by summarizing the physiology and the fundamental ideas behind the measurement, analysis and modeling of the epileptic brain. It introduces the EEG and provides an explanation of the type of brain activity likely to register in EEG measurements, offering an overview of how these EEG records are and have been analyzed in the past. The book focuses on the problem of seizure detection and surveys the physiologically based dynamic models of brain activity. Finally, it addresses the fundamental question: can seizures be predicted? Based on the authors' extensive research, the book concludes by exploring a range of future possibilities in seizure prediction.

Depuis plus de deux décennies, la question de l’islam occupe une place de choix dans le débat politique et médiatique français, notamment autour de la formation des cadres musulmans devenue une des préoccupations majeures des politiques publiques. Ce livre explore les dynamiques complexes de la formation privée à l’islam dans l’hexagone. À travers l’analyse pluridisciplinaire des structures de formation, des contenus pédagogiques et des trajectoires des apprenants, les auteurs dévoilent les défis et les opportunités de cette offre exposée aux tensions sociétales et aux enjeux sécuritaires. L’ouvrage s’appuie sur des enquêtes de terrain menées de Lille à Marseille, en passant par Paris, Lyon ou encore Strasbourg. Dressant un état des lieux inédit de l’offre de formation à l’islam, l’étude inclut aussi bien des instituts physiques, des programmes en ligne, que des cercles d’études. Ce livre restitue les logiques socio-historiques sous-jacentes à l’émergence de ces structures et examine les relations entre les entrepreneurs pédagogiques et les synergies en œuvre, offrant une typologie heuristique de la diversité des offres de formation en fonction de leurs objectifs, ancrages doctrinaux et formes organisationnelles. Il aborde les enjeux d’un marché de la formation islamique en France, marqué par l’action publique et les attentes sophistiquées des apprenants, ainsi que les stratégies d’implantation géographique et marketing déployées par les acteurs pour atteindre leurs publics-cibles. Il a été question d’analyser les modalités de certification, les contenus pédagogiques et les supports didactiques utilisés, tout en mettant en lumière les grandes tendances et les innovations didactiques au sein de l’offre de formation. Plus encore, le présent ouvrage questionne la possibilité de se former à l’islam, au xxie siècle, exclusivement par une offre francophone et permet de comprendre jusqu’où cette stratégie peut mener les apprenants.

Obwohl die Notwendigkeit einer Reform des Gemeindefinanzsystems weitgehend anerkannt wird, tut sich die Politik mit konkreten Reformmaßnahmen schwer. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit soll daher der Versuch unternommen werden, die Diskussion um die Gemeindefinanzen und ihre Reform einer systematischen Analyse zu unterziehen und konkreten Lösungen näher zu bringen. Dabei resultieren zwei Schwerpunkte: Der eine, kommunale Finanzautonomie, ist im wesentlichen politisch orientiert; der andere, Effizienz, ist eine im ökonomischen Sinne theoretisch ausgerichtete Sichtweise. Beide Aspekte werden miteinander verknüpft und aufeinander bezogen. Wichtig für das Gesamtverständnis ist dabei, daß kommunale Finanzautonomie Bedeutung für die Effizienz lokaler Finanzwirtschaften hat und nicht umgekehrt. Aufbauend auf der Feststellung, daß vorgefundene kommunale Finanzsysteme keine zufriedenstellende Autonomie garantieren, wird das gesamte System im Sinne einer umfassenden Erneuerung zur Diskussion gestellt. Es werden systematische Komponenten für ein äquivalenzorientiertes Gemeindesteuersystem entworfen, wobei auch die bestehenden Elemente kommunaler Finanzwirtschaften einbezogen werden.

In 1998, the Master’s programme Euroculture started with the aim to offer, amid the many existing programmes that focused on European institutional developments, a European studies curriculum that puts the interplay of culture, society and politics in Europe at the heart of the curriculum. Among other topics, the programme focused on how Europe and European integration could be contextualised and what these concepts meant to European citizens. In June 2018, Euroculture celebrated its twentieth anniversary with a conference to discuss not only the changes within the MA Euroculture itself, but also to reflect upon the changes in the field of European studies over the last two decades writ large. This volume brings together the main findings of this conference. Since its start, Euroculture has engaged with European studies by providing a space for cooperation between more mainstream-oriented research on the one hand and a variety of sociological, historiographical, post-structuralist, and post-colonial perspectives on Europe on the other. This has enabled Euroculture to contextualise the emergence and development of European institutions historically and in relation to broader socio-political and cultural processes. Its methodology, that treats theoretical and analytical work, classroom teaching and engaged practice as integral parts of critical inquiry, has significantly contributed to its ability to continuously enhance scholarly discussions. The volume is divided into two parts, which are intrinsically linked. The first part contains reflections on the field of European studies and on concepts, analytical perspectives and methodologies that have emerged through interdisciplinary dialogues in Euroculture/European studies. The second part contains contributions that reflect upon the Euroculture programme itself, discussing both changes and continuities in the curriculum and didactic methods, outlining possible venues for further developing the educational and research programme that is firmly embedded in a network of partners that have been closely cooperating over a span of no less than two decades.

Published

This is a unique and groundbreaking collection of questions and answers coming from higher education institutions on diverse fields and across a wide spectrum of countries and cultures. It creates routes for further innovation, collaboration amidst the Sciences (both Natural and Social) and the Humanities and the private and the public sectors of society. The chapters speak across socio-cultural concerns, education, welfare and artistic sectors under the common desire for direct responses in more effective ways by means of interaction across societal structures.

The research described in this report was conducted to improve the Army’s ability to use recruiting resources and enlistment eligibility policies effectively and efficiently to meet accession requirements under varying recruiting conditions. We assess the cost of meeting enlisted force accession requirements when an optimal mix of television advertising and incentives is feasible or, alternatively, when an incentive-centric strategy is required.