Open Access Books

Despite the uncertainties of Brexit, London continues to be rated as a leading location in Europe and the world for business, knowledge, and talent. But 30 years ago, when London had no citywide government, a transport system in crisis, and no successful track record of continuous large-scale upgrades to the urban fabric, this scenario would have seemed highly unlikely. In this essay we examine how London's unpromising 1980s gave rise to three decades of reinvestment and we explain how the European Investment Bank played an essential catalytic role in successive cycles of London's evolution from an under-governed de-populating national capital into a diverse global centre benefiting from integrated urban systems management.

Throughout the food processing chain and after ingestion by the host, food associated bacteria have to cope with a range of stress factors such as thermal and/or non-thermal inactivation treatments, refrigeration temperatures, freeze-drying, high osmolarity, acid pH in the stomach or presence of bile salts in the intestine, that threaten bacterial survival. The accompanying plethora of microbial response and adaptation phenomena elicited by these stresses has important implications for food technology and safety. Indeed, while resistance development of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms may impose health risks for the consumer and impart great economic losses to food industries, reduced survival of probiotic bacteria may strongly compromise their claimed health benefit attributes. As a result, substantial research efforts have been devoted in the last decades to unravel the mechanisms underlying stress response and resistance development in food associated microorganisms in order to better predict and improve (i) the inactivation of foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms on the one hand and (ii) the robustness and performance of beneficial microorganisms on the other. Moreover, the recent implementation of system-wide omics and (single-)cell biology approaches is greatly boosting our insights into the modes of action underlying microbial inactivation and survival. This Research Topic aims to provide an avenue for dissemination of recent advances within the field of microbial stress response and adaptation, with a particular focus not only on food spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms but also on beneficial microbes in foods.

This volume collects Greek and Arabic testimonia of the lost On Demonstration by Galen of Pergamum (129–c. 216). The texts are accompanied by notes, English translation, and a substantive introduction. The treatise was a study of method in natural science which made a significant impact on Arabic philosophy. What remains of it is an exciting source for the history of natural science, logic, and scientific writing.

This book scrutinises religion in education in ten countries. It reveals much about the tension between religion and education in secular countries, and the blending between religion and education in religious countries, such as Iran and Malaysia, as well as secular countries such as the Netherlands. It also shows the important role the church currently plays in education in developing countries, such as Tanzania.

This substantially updated and revised edition offers a comprehensive overview of the challenges confronting the political system as well as the international politics of the European Union. It draws from a rich spectrum of regional integration theories to determine what the Union actually is and how it is developing. The book examines constitutional politics of the European Union, from the Single European Act to the Treaty of Nice and beyond. The ongoing debate on the future of Europe links together questions of democracy and legitimacy, competences and rights, and the prospects for European polity-building. The aim is to contribute to a better understanding of the emerging European polity and the questions that further treaty reform generate for the future of the regional system. The authors also assess the evolving European security architecture, the limits and possibilities of a genuine European foreign, security and defence policy, and the role of the European Union in the post-Cold War international system. Common themes involve debates about stability and instability, continuity and change, multipolarity and leadership, co-operation and discord, power capabilities and patterns of behaviour. The book traces the defining features of the 'new order' in Europe and incorporates an analysis of the post-September 11 context. This major new edition will be of particular interest to academics, policy-makers and students with an interest in the politics and governance of contemporary Europe, as well as to those pursuing a career in international affairs.

En las barriadas de Lima la vivienda se produce por medio de la autoconstrucción espontánea, sin que los pobladores cuenten con la asistencia técnica del Estado o con el apoyo de algún organismo público o privado. Cerca de 150,000 lotes en Lima ya tienen muros de ladrillo y otros 150,000 lotes van a tenerlo en los pŕoximos años. ¿Hay algo que aprender de la experiencia de las barriadas ya consolidadas? Más del 50°/o de las edificaciones en barriadas limeñas han superado la etapa de la estera...

The human eye is central to perception, independence, and quality of life. Over the past two decades, ophthalmology has evolved into a leading discipline in precision medicine, regenerative therapies, and minimally invasive technologies. Diseases of the Eye - Novel Investigations and Treatments presents a comprehensive overview of this transformation, covering major conditions such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, cataracts, and dry eye disease. Therapeutic breakthroughs, such as anti-VEGF agents for AMD and diabetic macular edema, MIGS and SLT for glaucoma, and advanced intraocular lenses for cataract surgery, have significantly improved clinical outcomes. In dry eye disease, targeted anti-inflammatory treatments and improved diagnostics have enhanced care. Emerging innovations, including gene therapy, stem cell transplants, AI-assisted screening, and wearable biosensors, are paving the way for personalized, preventive ophthalmology. This volume serves a broad audience, from students and clinicians to researchers and policymakers, highlighting scientific progress, clinical application, and ethical considerations. Each chapter reflects a commitment to preserving vision as a means of safeguarding dignity, autonomy, and human connection.

Comment, par le biais du commentaire en ligne touristique, les francophones et hispanophones évaluent-ils le musée qu’ils ont visité. Apprécient-ils de la même façon un même objet culturel en fonction de leur langue et de leur culture ? Existe-t-il un positionnement évaluateur selon l’appartenance du visiteur à une communauté linguistique donnée ? Si oui, comment s’exprime-t-il ? Pour répondre à cette série de questionnements, cette monographie mène une analyse qualitative et quantitative des commentaires en ligne que les visiteurs francophones et hispanophones du Louvre et du Prado ont laissés sur TripAdvisor entre 2009 et 2019. Ces écrits numériques, en français et en espagnol, accompagnés d’une note allant de 1 à 5, explicitement évaluatifs, possèdent une portée argumentative dans le choix des mots et des thématiques, décelée par l’analyse quantitative offerte par le logiciel textométrique TXM. L’approche statistique couplée à l’étude discursive des commentaires classés selon leur notation, le musée visité et la communauté linguistique participe alors à la caractérisation d’un e-lecte, celui du commentaire en ligne touristique dans le domaine muséal.

Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), which is ranked as the 8th most common cancers in the US, makes 4–7% of skin cancers but it causes approximately 80% of skin cancer deaths. CMM is characterized by insidious and fast progression, heterogenic evolution, and significant resistance to numerous therapeutic strategies. CMM is the result of the uncontrolled proliferation of melanocytes, the cells which reside in the basal layer of the epidermis. The most efficient therapy is the surgical removal if the lesion is in an early stage. For metastatic melanomas, there are different strategies, extremely rarely leading to total cure. Tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP2) or L-Dopachrome tautomerase (L-DCT) is a member of Tyrosinase-related protein family known for many years for its enzymatic activity in the distal steps of melanogenesis. The modern DCT image is focusing more on processes and mechanisms related to cell development and response to environmental and therapeutic stressors in normal and transformed cell phenotypes. This chapter provides an extended, updated biological status of TRP2/L-DCT encompassing the structural and functional particularities within melanoma molecularity, in the attempt to get new insights into the complex mechanisms of this neoplasm and raise the interest for DCT unexplored yet potential in melanoma diagnosis/prognosis and therapy.

The manuscript 9/1784 of the Library of the Real Academia de la Historia (Royal Academy of History), known as Registro de Cortes or Libro de Cortes (Registry of Parliament/Book of Parliament), contains a collection of simple copies made by the court scribes and lawyers of the Castilian Cortes (Parliament) at the beginning of the 16th century, in which numerous documents for internal use from the time of John II of Castile, Henry IV of Castile and the Catholic Monarchs were collected. Its time span covers the period between 1425 and 1502. The Registry’s texts allow us to understand the operation of the parliamentary institution in numerous matters that are not included in the ordenamientos (ordinances) and the cuadernos de peticiones (notebooks of petitions) published by the Academy itself in the mid-19th century. Although the scientific community was familiar with some of the parts already published, a complete edition of the manuscript was missing, along with an explanation of the meaning of its use in the courtly context, the question of authorship and the characteristics of the copied texts, not to mention the identification of the main actors who played a leading role in that representative assembly. In short, the Registry illustrates the course of the Castilian Cortes in the political framework of its time.

This book brings together works submitted to the 5th International Congress of CiiEM, which were selected for publication, in areas as diverse as Microbiology, Public Health, Forensic Sciences, Psychology, Dentistry, Sociology, Biomaterials, Biology, Nursing, Nutrition Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physiotherapy, Psychology, Social Sciences and Medicine. The congress was focused on Reducing Inequalities in Health and Society, and the works gathered here reflect the diversity and interdisciplinarity that characterized this scientific meeting.

Le renoncement est un phénomène courant que l’on peut régulièrement constater dès lors qu’une personne privée ou publique choisit de ne pas entreprendre telle ou telle démarche qui s’offre à elle, de ne pas effectuer telle ou telle action ou même tout simplement change d’avis. En tant que tel il ne s’agit pas d’une notion juridique à moins qu’il ne se matérialise sous la forme expresse d’une renonciation, largement théorisée en droit privé mais peu étudiée en droit public. Si le renoncement et la renonciation ne sont ni l’un ni l’autre très familiers du droit public, le renoncement dépasse, quant à lui, très largement la notion de renonciation tout en l’englobant et suscite, à ce titre, de nombreuses et légitimes interrogations afin de mieux cerner la place que le droit public laisse au renoncement. Ce colloque a pour ambition de déterminer quelles sont les spécificités du renoncement en droit public afin de préciser en quoi il se distingue de la renonciation telle qu’elle a pu être formalisée en droit privé. À cet égard, si le renoncement n’apparaît pas comme spécifique au droit interne, il conviendra de s’interroger sur l’existence ou non d’un encadrement du renoncement mais aussi sur les formes qu’il peut ou pourrait revêtir. Une attention particulière sera également portée aux modalités du renoncement qu’il s’agisse, d’une part, du renoncement par l’individu en se demandant ici s’il constitue toujours un acte de volonté et s’il ne peut pas le cas échéant être présumé, et, d’autre part, du renoncement des personnes publiques, qui se matérialise de maintes façons. Ces diverses modalités de renoncement et les conséquences qui peuvent s’y attacher suscitent quant à elles d’autres interrogations portant sur les limites qui peuvent peser sur le renoncement au regard du droit public.

Plant-based edible oils rank second only to carbohydrates as an important source of calories in the human diet and are primarily derived from edible oilseeds. These oilseeds are rich in essential fatty acids, high-quality protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. They also contain important phytochemicals including sterols, polyphenols, tocopherols, and carotenoids, making the oils they produce critical for metabolic functions, human health benefits, and addressing malnutrition and undernutrition. The global cultivation of edible oilseed crops has seen a significant rise. However, various biotic and abiotic stresses, poor agronomic practices, and extreme climate conditions, either in isolation or combination, negatively affect plant health, thus limiting both the quantity and quality of oilseed productivity. Edible Oilseeds Research - Updates and Prospects provides a comprehensive exploration of the origins, botanical characteristics, challenges, and recent advancements associated with major herbaceous edible oilseed-bearing plants. It offers historical insights into edible oilseeds, highlights recent advancements and future directions, and provides an overview of the important bioactive dietary compounds (including tocopherols and tocotrienols) present in common oilseeds. This volume also discusses key approaches to improving the health and productivity of oil palm and presents critical insights into the applications and achievements of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in oilseed research. This book serves as a valuable resource for plant biologists engaged in teaching and research, offering detailed knowledge on various aspects of important edible oilseeds.

The book deals with the pictorial design principles of late antique burial chambers, such as those created in the Roman catacombs between the 3rd and 4th centuries A.D. in the form of private cubicula. With the help of an approach oriented towards visual studies and reception aesthetic that focuses on the interrelationship between space, image and viewer, the study systematically analyzes for the first time regularities in the disposition and combination of Christian motifs. However, the shown design principles occurring in the Roman catacombs are not locally restricted to Rome, but rather should be understood as basic phenomena of the late antique visual culture, as the study demonstrates by a comparative perspective on the Roman provinces.

La lettre tue, soit. Mais qu’en est-il de la parole dite vive ? Nous pensons d’habitude à ses vertus communicatives, « à la chaleur que tisse la parole/ autour de son noyau le rêve qu’on appelle nous » (Tristan Tzara). Cependant, lorsque la haine, l’indignation, la colère ou la peine investissent la langue, la chaleur devient vite insoutenable. On appelle « invective » cette fulguration de la langue, ces paroles ou ces discours agressifs visant à réduire l’adversaire, quel qu’il soit, au silence et au néant. Au lieu d’essayer de conceptualiser une notion, il s’agit ici de mettre en évidence des opérations. Ainsi, la première partie (« Présentations ») s’ouvre aux foudres de l’invective (spontanée, codifiée ou littéraire) pour tenter de décrire, et d’expérimenter, deux des processus qui la constituent : un processus irruptif au fil duquel l’affect violent « s’expulse » en passant dans la voix et la langue du furieux ; et un processus ruptif quidélie, sépare et éloigne définitivement les parties en conflit. La deuxième partie (« Littérature et Représentations ») explore plus avant les rapports entre le corps et le verbe, en suivant le cours de l’histoire culturelle occidentale. Quand le corps reprend la parole, non seulement il se met à parler de nouveau, mais aussi il reprend ce qui lui revient, ce qui vient de lui. Reprendre la parole, c’est à la fois l’amender, l’améliorer (comme on reprend des bas) et la blâmer, la réprimander, la condamner. L’invective connaît ainsi une visée proprement poétique.