Open Access Books

This fascinating new book examines diversity in moral judgements, drawing on recent work in social, personality, and evolutionary psychology, reviewing the factors that influence the moral judgments people make. Why do reasonable people so often disagree when drawing distinctions between what is morally right and wrong? Even when individuals agree in their moral pronouncements, they may employ different standards, different comparative processes, or entirely disparate criteria in their judgments. Examining the sources of this variety, the author expertly explores morality using ethics position theory, alongside other theoretical perspectives in moral psychology, and shows how it can relate to contemporary social issues from abortion to premarital sex to human rights. Also featuring a chapter on applied contexts, using the theory of ethics positions to gain insights into the moral choices and actions of individuals, groups, and organizations in educational, research, political, medical, and business settings, the book offers answers that apply across individuals, communities, and cultures. Investigating the relationship between people’s personal moral philosophies and their ethical thoughts, emotions, and actions, this is fascinating reading for students and academics from psychology and philosophy and anyone interested in morality and ethics.

For every generic type of monster—ghost, demon, vampire, dragon—there are countless locally specific manifestations, with their own names, traits, and appearances. Such monsters populate all corners of the globe haunting their humans wherever they live. Living with Monsters is a collection of fourteen short pieces of ethnographic fiction (and a more academically inclined introduction and afterword) presenting a playful, spirited, and engaging look at how people live with their respective monsters around the world. They focus on the nitty-gritty dos and don’ts of how to placate spirits in India; how to domesticate Georgian goblins, how to live with aliens, how to avoid being taken by Anito in Taiwan, while simultaneously illuminating the politics of monster–human relations. In this collection, anthropologists working in fieldsites as diverse as the urban Ghana, the rural US, remote Aboriginal Australia, and the internet present imaginative accounts that demonstrate how thinking with monsters encourages people to contemplate difference, to understand inequality, and to see the world from new angles. Combine monsters with experimental ethnography, and the result is a volume that crackles with creative energy, flouts traditions of ethnographic writing, and pushes anthropology into new terrains.

The Open Access version of this book, available at https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351245623, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. The fact that women have achieved higher levels of political inclusion within low- and middle-income countries has generated much speculation about whether this is reaping broader benefits in tackling gender-based inequalities. This book uncovers the multiple political dynamics that influence governments to adopt and implement gender equity policies, pushing the debate beyond simply the role of women’s inclusion in influencing policy. Bringing the politics of development into discussion with feminist literature on women's empowerment, the book proposes the new concept of ‘power domains’ as a way to capture how inter-elite bargaining, coalitional politics, and social movement activism combine to shape policies that promote gender equity. In particular, the book investigates the conditions under which countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia have adopted legislation against domestic violence, which remains widespread in many developing countries. The book demonstrates that women’s presence in formal politics and policy spaces does not fully explain the pace in adopting and implementing domestic violence law. Underlying drivers of change within broader domains of power also include the role of clientelistic politics and informal processes of bargaining, coalition-building, and persuasion; the discursive framing of gender-equitable ideas; and how transnational norms influence women’s political inclusion and gender-inclusive policy outcomes. The comparative approach across Uganda, Rwanda, South Africa, Ghana, India, and Bangladesh demonstrates how advancing gender equality varies by political context and according to the interests surrounding a particular issue. Negotiating Gender Equity in the Global South will be of interest to students and scholars of gender and development, as well as to activists within governments, political parties, nongovernmental organizations, women’s movements, and donor agencies, at national and international levels, who are looking to develop effective strategies for advancing gender equality.

The subject of optimum composite structures is a rapidly evolving field and intensive research and development have taken place in the last few decades. Therefore, this book aims to provide an up-to-date comprehensive overview of the current status in this field to the research community. The contributing authors combine structural analysis, design and optimization basis of composites with a description of the implemented mathematical approaches. Within this framework, each author has dealt with the individual subject as he/she thought appropriate. Each chapter offers detailed information on the related subject of its research with the main objectives of the works carried out as well as providing a comprehensive list of references that should provide a rich platform of research to the field of optimum composite structures.

La France et les Pays-Bas du Nord, devenus, à la suite de la guerre de Quatre-Vingts Ans, les Provinces-Unies, ont entretenu des relations nombreuses mais complexes. Tout semble opposer les deux pays : sur le plan politique, un royaume de plus en plus absolu et une république ; sur le plan économique, un État longtemps protectionniste et un autre fondant sa richesse sur la liberté des échanges ; sur le plan religieux, un roi très-chrétien qui se veut le meilleur défenseur du catholicisme et une république calviniste mais tolérante à la plupart des courants religieux de l’époque. Pourtant, il arrive que les deux pays se retrouvent contre un ennemi commun, l’Espagne ; le commerce entre eux est important ; les liens religieux sont constants. C’est ce dernier aspect qu’explore ce volume, à partir d’un colloque tenu à Lyon les 27-29 septembre 2007. L’opposition entre catholicisme et protestantisme est évidemment bien présente, que ce soit dans la polémique néerlandaise contre Louis XIV, dans les terres de mission ou à Orange, mais on se rend compte la plupart du temps que les choses sont beaucoup plus complexes. En effet, au moment des guerres de religion et de la guerre de Quatre-Vingts Ans, les échanges sont constants entre protestants des deux pays, les uns aident les autres, les modèles circulent des uns aux autres. Plus tard, quand le protestantisme est persécuté en France, les Provinces-Unies permettront, par différents moyens, aux huguenots français de pratiquer clandestinement leur foi. De même, les Provinces-Unies accueillent de nombreux jansénistes français et leur permettent de diffuser leurs idées vers la France. Elles interviennent ainsi dans les affaires religieuses françaises. On se rapproche ainsi du cas des Juifs, dont Amsterdam voudrait bien contrôler les communautés françaises. Complexes, ambivalents, évolutifs, tels se révèlent être les liens religieux entre les deux pays, que ce livre cherche à éclairer et à mieux comprendre.

A kötet a képi fordulat különféle művészeti ágakban és a tudományban is megfigyelhető jelenségével, valamint a fogalmi metafora elméleti keretével kívánja bevezetni és összefogni két nagy témáját: a francia költészet és a színház reprezentációhoz fűződő, szerteágazó kérdésfeltevéseit. A könyv első fejezeteiben két olyan kortárs francia költészeti irányzatot taglalunk, melynek viszonya a képhez különböző módon, de meghatározó (Yves Bonnefoy és Lorand Gaspar, valamint Jean-Michel Maulpoix). A kötet második felében néhány olyan színházi gyakorlatot választottunk ki, amelyek az emberi képmás, az emberi "bálvány" lerombolására és újbóli összerakására tesznek kísérletet (Grotowski, Kantor, Barba, Novarina), s ebben a folyamatban a költészet eszközeit is használják. Ezeknek a színházi gyakorlatoknak, melyek közül Valére Novarina életművét emeljük ki, közös nevezője, hogy nemcsak a dramaturgiájukban ismétlik az önmegüresítés folyamatát, hanem a színészvezetésben is alapvető helyet adnak neki. A második rész tehát, nem tagadva a színházi gyakorlatok egyéb inspirációs forrásait, a Novarina életműve szempontjából központi jelentőségűnek tekinthető teológiai kenózis-fogalom színházi, színháztudományi alkalmazására tesz kísérletet, s ebben különösen támaszkodik H. U. von Balthasar teológiai esztétikájára, Xavier Tilliette munkáira, Simone Weil színház- és kenózis-koncepciójára, továbbá Kálvin, Karl Barth, Paul Tillich és Kazoh Kitamori műveire. A tárgyalt alkotók vonatkozásában elsőnek tekinthető magyar nyelvű monográfia mellékletében közölt, Túl a szakrálison című Valére Novarina-esszé magyar fordításban most jelenik meg először.

The natural active components derived from plants have attracted widespread attention due to their abundant species and source advantages. With the continuous deepening of research, studies have shown that many natural active components have broad-spectrum biological activities, such as antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, and enzyme-inhibiting activity properties, which are valuable sources of research and development in functional food factors and novel drugs. Systematical studies on the structure of components, physiological activities, the structure–activity relationship, and mechanisms of action for active components using modern scientific methods and experimental means are hot research topics. In addition, the exploration of the combined effect and mechanism of various natural bioactive substances will provide a theoretical basis for the further processing and comprehensive development of resources at multiple levels and from various points of view. This Special Issue of Foods, entitled “Structure Identification and Functional Mechanism of Natural Active Components”, provides a forum for researchers to communicate some of their latest findings in this field.

The Nasa community has suffered, like no other population in Colombia, the ravages of war. Victims of guerrillas, paramilitaries and even the State itself, they are a millenary people who refused, from the very times of the conquest, to disappear. And in that struggle for survival, while they were massacred, displaced and deprived of the most minimal rights, the Nasas have always made the best of themselves and have responded with their life plans, with their community resistance, with an enormous creativity in the face of war that has allowed them not only to survive it, but to demonstrate its meaninglessness. The Nasas, like no other people, have managed to conserve and interpret in time the millenary and spiritual legacy of their ancestors, that is why they naturally turn to that collective unity so closely linked to nature, to the mother earth to which they belong.

Impulsé par la Direction des patrimoines (Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication), le bilan scientifique régional 1994-2005 s’est traduit, pour la Préhistoire bourguignonne, par un volumineux travail de synthèse collective, associant la majorité des chercheurs concernés. Bien qu’elle ait traîné en longueur, cette rédaction a permis de nombreux échanges et la confrontation de points de vue parfois différents, mais finalement complémentaires, orientés vers des objectifs communs. L’ouvrage est découpé en deux grandes parties, Paléolithique / Mésolithique d’une part, et Néolithique d’autre part ; chacune issue d’un processus de maturation et de rédaction différent. Dans la première, l’accent est mis sur une description synthétique exhaustive des recherches menées dans la période considérée, selon un découpage à la fois thématique et chronologique. Dans la seconde, le choix s’est porté sur un état des lieux similaire, mais organisé géographiquement par grands bassins versants (Seine-Yonne, Loire et Saône). Cet état des lieux est replacé dans l’histoire régionale des recherches néolithiques et complété par des corpus synthétiques, totalement inédits à ce jour (datations radiocarbone, bibliographie exhaustive sur le Néolithique bourguignon). Loin de s’arrêter à un simple état des lieux, lui-même complètement inédit, les auteurs se sont livrés à une réflexion prospective et proposent les thèmes prioritaires ou les orientations de ce que devrait être la recherche programmée et préventive des années à venir. Par la masse considérable d’informations actualisées qu’il propose, ce volume démontre la richesse et la vitalité de la recherche archéologique bourguignonne, qu’il s’agisse des grottes d’Arcy-sur-Cure, du Paléolithique supérieur de Saône-et-Loire, des multiples occupations néolithiques, domestiques ou funéraires, des vallées de l’Yonne ou de la Saône.

Las IV Jornadas Internas del CIMeCS "Reflexiones metodológicas situadas en torno a los procesos de investigación", se realizaron el 30 de abril de 2015 en la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Pensadas con el propósito de presentar los avances de las líneas de investigación de los proyectos radicados en el Centro de Interdisciplinario de Metodología de las Ciencias Sociales y con la intención de continuar con las experiencias de intercambio y discusión desarrolladas en ediciones anteriores. En esta oportunidad se propone orientar la reflexión y el debate en torno a las decisiones metodológicas tomadas durante el proceso de investigación en el marco de los respectivos proyectos y tesis, poniendo el énfasis en la problematización de las estrategias elegidas, los aportes, las dificultades, etc. Los trabajos presentados se ordenarán en torno a dos ejes, los que han sido sugeridos de manera orientativa: I. Reflexiones sobre la estrategia metodológica: justificación de la selección de la estrategia metodológica en relación al objeto de investigación, pertinencia y aportes de la misma, límites y potencialidades. II. La estrategia metodológica en relación con el campo: momentos, tensiones, reformulaciones vinculadas al trabajo de campo.

This reprint, entitled "Thermodynamic Optimization of Industrial Energy Systems", explores the application of thermodynamic principles and process integration methods to enhance energy efficiency and minimize environmental impact in industrial processes. It bridges thermodynamics and engineering design, offering practical examples of energy system optimization approaches. By focusing on sustainability and innovation, this equips professionals and researchers with the knowledge needed to meet energy transition challenges in a rapidly evolving industrial landscape.

Public stock markets are too small. This book is an effort to rescue public stock markets in the EU and the US. There should be more companies with publicly-traded shares and more direct share ownership. Anchored in a broad historical study of the regulation of stock markets and companies in Europe and the US, the book proposes ways to create a new regulatory regime designed to help firms and facilitate people’s capitalism.

This book contains a series of up-to-date chapters that review our current knowledge of type 1 diabetes as an autoimmune disease, the problems that still remain with existing treatments, and possible solutions for the near future.

Electrical machines and drives are among the most important components used in a wide range of applications, such as industry, transportation, power systems, etc. In addition, at present, their development is a pressing challenge, as people concentrate on efficiency improvements together with material and manufacturing cost reductions. The literature of such devices is huge, covering an enormous number of working principles and topologies. Worldwide, a great number of specialists are involved in these fields, seeking both the latest technical advancements and publishing possibilities that can reach a wide audience. This Topic has collected papers in the fields of electrical machines and drives which focus on design, optimization, modelling, experimental testing, and fabrication, as well as their application fields.

In these conference proceedings particular attention is paid to the performance of burials and burial rites between 1300 and 750 BC. A change in burial customs took place in large parts of central Europe during the 13th century BC. The dead were no longer buried in inhumation graves – as was customary until then – but were burned and laid to rest in urns. This transformation of burial customs is probably connected to far reaching changes in society and religious beliefs.