Open Access Books

Thierry Wanegffelen (1965-2009) était professeur à l’Université Toulouse II Le Mirail. Spécialiste des mentalités religieuses et politiques des XVIe et XVIIe siècles (Ni Rome Ni Genève. Des fidèles entre deux chaires en France au XVIe siècle et Une Difficile fidélité. Catholiques malgré le concile en France (XVIe-XVIIe siècles) ou encore L’Édit de Nantes. Une histoire européenne de la tolérance), il s’était ensuite orienté vers l’histoire des femmes et notamment l’anthropologie du pouvoir au féminin (Catherine de Médicis. Le pouvoir au féminin et Le pouvoir contesté : souveraines de l’Europe à la Renaissance). Ses travaux visent à rendre intelligibles à nouveau les voix et les luttes de celles et ceux qui contestèrent l’établissement d’orthodoxies et de normes, politiques comme religieuses, trop rigides. Vaincus, ceux-ci ont été condamnés au silence, à l’oubli ou au mépris par une histoire trop souvent écrite du point de vue des vainqueurs. Jusqu’au dernier moment, Thierry Wanegffelen a travaillé à son dernier ouvrage. Le Roseau Pensant, Ruse de la Modernité Occidentale (parus en 2011 avec la collaboration d’Isabelle Cani et de Jérôme Grondeux). Tout autant et même davantage qu’un hommage, cet ouvrage se voudrait une façon de renouer et de prolonger les fils de discussions et de débats trop brutalement interrompus mais qui peuvent continuer à travers un dialogue fécond avec l’œuvre dense et impressionnante que Thierry Wanegffelen nous a laissée.

This comprehensive history of the humanities focuses on the modern period (1850-2000). The contributors, including Floris Cohen, Lorraine Daston and Ingrid Rowland, survey the rise of the humanities in interaction with the natural and social sciences, offering new perspectives on the interaction between disciplines in Europe and Asia and new insights generated by digital humanities.

A dramatic increase in knowledge regarding the molecular biology of brain tumors has been established over the past few years. In particular recent new avenues regarding the role of stem cells and microRNAs along with further understanding of the importance of angiogenesis, immunotherapy and explanations for the resistance of the tumors to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy has been developed. It is hopeful that this new information will lead to efficacious treatment strategies for these tumors which remain a challenge. In this book a review of the latest information on these topics along with a variety of new therapeutic treatment strategies with an emphasis on molecular targeted therapies is provided.

Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts verfügte Britisch-Indien über die größten Gefängnisse der Welt. Stolz rühmten sich Kolonialbeamte damit, ein ""zivilisiertes"" System des Strafens eingeführt zu haben, das mit den Institutionen in den Metropolen vergleichbar war. Woher kam dieser Stolz und der Drang nach Vergleichbarkeit? Angesichts der großen Bedeutung, die die Konstruktion einer fundamentalen Differenz zwischen Kolonialherren und Kolonisierten für die Herrschaftslegitimation hatte, ist die Geschichte des kolonialen Strafvollzugs oft als die einer unvollständigen Modernisierung erzählt worden. Strafinstitutionen wie das Gefängnis wurden primär unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Repression gesehen. Aber warum investierte der Kolonialstaat so erhebliche Summen in den Strafvollzug, wenn es ihm nur um Repression ging? Diese Fragen sind nur vor dem Hintergrund der globalen Diskussion um den Strafvollzug im 19. Jahrhundert verständlich. Michael Kläger zeigt, wie koloniale Räume wie Britisch-Indien schon früh in geographisch weit ausgreifende Diskurse eingebunden waren, in denen Wissen über Formen und Zwecke des Strafvollzugs, über ""Besserung"" und Repression zirkulierte.

"This book provides the reader with understanding of the phenomenon of silent resistance, collecting and presenting research on it. Regulating, governing or controlling human activity often generates open resistance, which has been studied from the points of view of democracy, civil disobedience or political activism, for example. However, power relations and conflicts can also involve another kind of resistance, which may not necessarily even be recognised as resistance at first. It can be called silent, passive, invisible or everyday resistance. Silent resistance is a way of the subjugated or otherwise marginalised to challenge the dominant rules or systems. Because it does not proclaim resistance but rather tries to stay out of publicity, it is risk-free and low-profile activity that is seemingly non-political – and you can get away with it. Silent resistance can take many different forms: it may appear, for example, as silence and grumbling, isolation, avoiding and hindering issues or shifting attention to something irrelevant. The importance of everyday resistance rises from the signals of small networks in a situation where open confrontation is not possible or desired, but total inactivity is not an option either. Moreover, silent resistance remaining in the margin cannot be considered separate from open resistance, but as an important part in the process of realising more open resistance. Although power relations serve as the event framework of the phenomenon, silent resistance is a weapon not only in the hands of the subjugated. Its tactics can also be used by those who hold power. With the articles in the book, the reader can follow the most diverse situations of silent resistance through both historical and contemporary events. The cases outline different forms of silent resistance, as well as its mechanisms and motives. The articles in the collection reveal aspects of sociology, cultural anthropology, cultural research, youth research and historical research. This emphasises the wide spectrum of silent resistance, its loudness and multidisciplinary character. "

Contribuição para o campo ainda pouco definido da vigilância alimentar e nutricional e do Sistema que pretende integrá-la no País (o Sisvan). De elevado alcance pragmático, a obra questiona o papel do setor saúde - particularmente em relação ao perfil de nutrição da população brasileira - e fornece elementos de decisões para os formuladores de políticas, planejadores e executores de programas e atividades de alimentação e nutrição. Abrange os seguintes assuntos: história do Sisvan e da nutrição brasileira - aí incluída a transição epidemiológica; perfil de morbimortalidade e a situação de crianças, gestantes e adultos; vigilância epidemiológica; programas de atenção à saúde integral da criança, do adolescente e da mulher.

Nei ruggenti anni Cinquanta, in pieno miracolo economico, quando i benefici indotti dal boom liberavano risorse in grado di affacciare alla cultura un nuovo, grande pubblico, Alberto Martini, appena laureatosi a Firenze con Roberto Longhi, si avviava al mestiere di storico dell’arte. Una disciplina che di lì a pochi anni il giovane avrebbe rivoluzionato, almeno dal punto di vista della ricezione divulgativa, entrando nelle case degli italiani grazie ai mitici «Maestri del Colore» Fabbri Editori, distribuiti in edicola a 350 lire a fascicolo, sessanta milioni venduti solo in Italia. Progetto che gli aveva permesso di girare il mondo e di accumulare una serie di contatti con direttori e funzionari di musei, in un raggio d’azione internazionale: strabilianti viaggi, su e giù da un aereo all’altro, per dirigere le campagne fotografiche, finalmente a colori, delle opere da riprodurre nella fortunata collana. Al grande cantiere divulgativo aveva affiancato rilevanti studi scientifici, dalle indagini sul Trecento riminese alla chiarificazione delle tappe nella carriera giovanile di Bartolomeo della Gatta. A Milano dal 1958, al fianco di Franco Russoli aveva conosciuto in Brera un’intera generazione di pittori e scultori, amicizie che si sommavano ai rapporti intrapresi negli anni precedenti in Romagna con gli artisti bolognesi, con Giorgio Morandi, ma anche con Mattia Moreni o con Ben Shahn; mentre dal 1962 Martini avrebbe instaurato un legame profondo con Alberto Giacometti, sul quale avrebbe messo a fuoco, di lì a poco, l’analisi più acuta e lucida espressa fino a quel momento dalla critica italiana. Il volume offre una biografia intellettuale del personaggio, con documenti e carteggi inediti, ripercorrendo le tappe della sua pur breve carriera (Alberto Martini scompare infatti a soli trentaquattro anni in un incidente d’auto), scandita dalle poliedriche esperienze che un giovane storico dell’arte intraprendente poteva accumulare nell’Italia prolifica degli anni del boom economico, radio e televisione comprese

Experiencing and Envisioning Food: Designing for Change contains papers on gastronomy, food design, sustainability, and social practices research as presented at the 3rd International Food Design and Food Studies Conference (EFOOD 2022, Lisbon, Portugal, 28-30 April 2022). The contributions explore potential solutions to current problems in the food system, and outline scenarios on the future of food and nutrition. The book aims at academics and professionals that interact with the food sector.

This book on data mining explores a broad set of ideas and presents some of the state-of-the-art research in this field. The book is triggered by pervasive applications that retrieve knowledge from real-world big data. Data mining finds applications in the entire spectrum of science and technology including basic sciences to life sciences and medicine, to social, economic, and cognitive sciences, to engineering and computers. The chapters discuss various applications and research frontiers in data mining with algorithms and implementation details for use in real-world. This can be through characterization, classification, discrimination, anomaly detection, association, clustering, trend or evolution prediction, etc. The intended audience of this book will mainly consist of researchers, research students, practitioners, data analysts, and business professionals who seek information on the various data mining techniques and their applications.

Le 9 décembre 1905, la loi de séparation des Églises et de l’État est promulguée. Si les deux premiers tomes de cette fresque historique ont dévoilé les difficultés menant à cette étape cruciale, ce troisième volet montre à quel point promulgation et validation ne riment pas toujours. De nombreux prélats catholiques déclarent le 1er janvier 1906 « jour de deuil », date à partir de laquelle « Dieu n’existe plus ». Alors que les motifs d’inquiétude surgissent – la fin du « service public des cultes » et donc de leur financement par l’État, les inventaires des biens d’églises vécus comme une « spoliation » –, le pape choisit la résistance, condamnant successivement toutes les dispositions légales que l’État désire mettre en place pour l’exercice des cultes, et désavoue les évêques français. Le peuple, lui, semble avoir accepté la loi, les élections législatives de 1906 étant un nouveau succès pour la majorité sortante de gauche. Le recours à une histoire contrefactuelle (« ce qui serait arrivé si… ») montre comment des situations en apparence inextricables ont pu être dénouées par une stratégie d’esquive qui rend l’Église catholique « légale malgré elle ». Renouvelant une historiographie trop lisse, ce troisième tome donne à lire les efforts d’un trio politique éclatant – Georges Clemenceau, Jean Jaurès et Aristide Briand – pour éviter une « guerre religieuse » résultant d’une « victoire excessive », et permettre à la République d’obtenir une victoire durable car pacificatrice.

Este libro presenta una serie de artículos cuyas primeras versiones –comentadas y luego reelaboradas por sus autores– se presentaron en las “Terceras Jornadas Interdisciplinarias de Investigaciones Regionales. Enfoques para la Historia” en el el Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales (INCIHUSA-CONICET, Mendoza) durante agosto de 2013. Los trabajos seleccionados son representativos de las actuales orientaciones de las problemáticas histórico-regionales desde una pluralidad de enfoques teórico-metodológicos aplicados a variados problemas. El resultado consiste tanto en investigaciones novedosas y relevantes como en la apertura de nuevos espacios para la indagación de líneas todavía inexploradas. Geógrafos, arquitectos, economistas e historiadores presentan aquí perspectivas que ayudan a construir una historiografía argentina que no provincializa la región, sino que la enfoca problemáticamente, con la mirada puesta en totalidades cambiantes, como los espacios económicos, las cambiantes formas de la construcción política nacional o los diversos mundos que atraviesan nuestras historias particulares como historia de un país.

Land surface phenology (LSP) uses remote sensing to monitor seasonal dynamics in vegetated land surfaces and retrieve phenological metrics (transition dates, rate of change, annual integrals, etc.). LSP has developed rapidly in the last few decades. Both regional and global LSP products have been routinely generated and play prominent roles in modeling crop yield, ecological surveillance, identifying invasive species, modeling the terrestrial biosphere, and assessing impacts on urban and natural ecosystems. Recent advances in field and spaceborne sensor technologies, as well as data fusion techniques, have enabled novel LSP retrieval algorithms that refine retrievals at even higher spatiotemporal resolutions, providing new insights into ecosystem dynamics. Meanwhile, rigorous assessment of the uncertainties in LSP retrievals is ongoing, and efforts to reduce these uncertainties represent an active research area. Open source software and hardware are in development, and have greatly facilitated the use of LSP metrics by scientists outside the remote sensing community. This reprint covers the latest developments in sensor technologies, LSP retrieval algorithms and validation strategies, and the use of LSP products in a variety of fields. It aims to summarize the ongoing diverse LSP developments and boost discussions on future research prospects.

The ultimate clinical implementation of embryonic stem cells will require methods and protocols to turn these unspecialized cells into the fully functioning cell types found in a wide variety of tissues and organs. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to clearly understand the signals and cues that direct embryonic stem cell differentiation. This book provides a snapshot of current research on the differentiation of embryonic stem cells to a wide variety of cell types, including neural, cardiac, endothelial, osteogenic, and hepatic cells. In addition, induced pluripotent stem cells and other pluripotent stem cell sources are described. The book will serve as a valuable resource for engineers, scientists, and clinicians as well as students in a wide range of disciplines.

The Arc of Crisis in the MENA Region volume deals with the countries of the Middle East and North Africa that are facing a particularly troubled period in their historical development. Syria, Iraq, Libya, Egypt and to a lesser extent Jordan and Tunisia have plunged into a legitimacy crisis that in some cases has turned into civil war or violent upheaval. As traditional authorities lose their legitimacy, two alternatives are emerging. The first is a more decentralized system of government, evinced by the empowerment of subnational government bodies and the growing legitimacy of local authorities; in this trend, the local authorities are able to keep the state united and more functional. The second is a growing number of political groups that act as opposition to authoritarianism, which is experiencing a revival. The analysis herein also focuses on Islamist movements; namely, their organizational and ideological development as well as how the shrinking of the political space affects them and the entire polity. This Report explores the distinctive dynamics and characteristics of these challenges in the post-Arab Spring era.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and memory loss, inability to perform the activities of daily living and mood disorders. According to the so-called “amyloid cascade hypothesis”, amyloid-ß- peptide (Aß), produced by beta- and gamma- secretase-mediated cleavages of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD. Aß was also shown to contribute to AD pathology by stimulating the hyperphosphorylation of tau which is responsible for the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. However, the “amyloid cascade hypothesis” was challenged by other theories which lend support to the idea that Aß is not causative but can be considered as an “innocent bystander” in AD. Although preclinical research generated impressive lines of evidence about the several intracellular mechanism(s) whose impairment leads to the onset and progression of AD, clinical research aimed at the development of new drugs capable of preventing or delaying the onset of neuronal damage in AD patients has produced limited results. The drugs currently available for the treatment of AD are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) and the NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist memantine. The AChEI increase acetylcholine levels in the synaptic cleft, which are reduced because of the progressive damage of cholinergic neurons in cognitive brain areas (e.g. amygdala, hippocampus, and frontal cortex), whereas memantine is used to prevent/reduce calcium-dependent excitotoxic neuronal cell death. Both classes of drugs have been shown to improve symptoms related to cognitive decline, but their effects are confined largely to patients with mild to moderate AD, in particular during the first year or so of treatment. An alternative to this symptomatic treatments involves the use of drugs that intervene in the pathogenesis of the disease. Recently, monoclonal antibodies against Aß were proposed as novel agents capable to remove Aß from the brain thus preventing neuronal damage. The research topic focuses on the preclinical and clinical evidence about the several factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of AD as well as the potential therapeutic role of new classes of drugs still under preclinical or clinical development.