Open Access Books

Argentine Cinema and National Identity covers the development of Argentine cinema since the late 1950s to the mid-1970s, a period that has been understudied. This essential cultural history delves on the dialect tradition versus modernity that was in place during those years and also comprises an examination of the political economy of film production as well as the different laws, including that implementing censorship that regulated this cultural industry. It also pays particular attention to two historical film genres: the historical film genre per se and the gauchesque, a genre based on outlaw gauchos that was crucial for nation-building in the nineteenth century. This volume investigates the way Argentine cinema positioned itself when facing the competition of glossy American films and resorted to the historical and gauchesque to bridge the stark divisions between the Argentine left and right in the late 1960s.

In the 5th millennium BCE, the first farming societies in the Western Alps developed unique burial practices characterized by Chamblandes-type graves. These box-shaped graves, constructed from stone slabs or wooden planks, have intrigued archaeologists since the 19th century, particularly around Lake Geneva and the Upper Rhône Valley. This study delves into the origins, spread, and distinctive characteristics of these graves, especially their transalpine significance with an extensive focus on previously under-researched areas like the Italian Aosta Valley or the German-speaking part of Switzerland. By significantly increasing the number of available radiocarbon dates, as well as comprehensively analyzing the grave goods and the treatment of human remains in the context of funerary practices, the study provides new insights into the chronology and regional variations of Chamblandes-type graves. This research reveals the contemporaneous emergence of the use of these graves in several Alpine valleys and the southern shore of Lake Geneva around 4800 BCE, as well as providing evidence for the process of their subsequent spread and sharp decline in use after 4000 BCE. The findings reveal shared practices among these early farming communities, yet also indicate distinct funerary customs between inner Alpine valleys and the Swiss Plateau. Highlighting that local prehistoric societies in the Western Alpine region reacted similarly to the death of an individual within the community, as expressed by grave architecture and the treatment of human remains. Demonstrating additionally, that the Alps should not be understood as barriers, but as a conduit for social exchange and interaction across valleys and mountain passes more than 6000 years ago. This nuanced understanding is essential for future research, setting the stage for studies on the social structure, mobility, and diet of these Neolithic populations through paleogenetic and isotopic analyses.

With its wide spectrum of data, case studies, monitoring, and experimental and numerical simulation techniques, the multidisciplinary approach of material, environmental, and computer science applied to the conservation of cultural heritage offers several opportunities for the heritage science and conservation community to map and monitor state-of-the-art knowledge on natural and human-induced climate change impacts on cultural heritage—mainly constituted by the built environment—in Europe and Latin America. Geosciences’ Special Issue titled “Preservation of Cultural Heritage and Resources Threatened by Climate Change” was launched to take stock of the existing but still fragmentary knowledge on this challenge, and to enable the community to respond to the implementation of the Paris agreement. These 10 papers exploit a broad range of data derived from preventive conservation monitoring conducted indoors in museums, churches, historical buildings, or outdoors in archeological sites and city centers. Case studies presented in the papers focus on a well-assorted sample of decay phenomena occurring on heritage materials (e.g., surface recession and biomass accumulation on limestone, depositions of pollutant on marble, salt weathering on inorganic building materials, and weathering processes on mortars in many local- to regional-scale study areas in the Scandinavian Peninsula, the United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Italy, Greece, and Panama). Besides monitoring, the methodological approaches showcased include, but are not limited to, original material characterization, decay product characterization, and climate and numerical modelling on material components for assessing environmental impact and climate change effects.

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Similar to common words, the spatial division of proper names is a natural by-product of linguistic change. During the process of language change, the influence held by territoriality can be demonstrated (to differing degrees) within the total linguistic system; the existent dialects that emerge as a result of this influence thereby justify the separate examination of linguistic levels. The international study of geonomastics emphasizes the connections and correlations between dialects and proper names. A question still remaining for researchers to answer is whether the territoriality of proper names is merely the result of dialectological properties, or if a deeper process is at work: do names indicate a different level of name dialects? In opposition to its earlier definition, in this case “onomastic dialect” does not refer to one particular name’s isogloss, but rather to regional onomastic units. This investigation concluded that territoriality exerts a fundamental influence on the name types found in a given language’s surname system. The paper introduces some name typological, regional differences found in the Hungarian name system as analyzed by the Atlas of Historical Surnames in Hungary (AHSH) Project. Analytical measurement methods (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, clustering) was applied in this investigation. I found that in the Hungarian surname system, regional groups of surname types can be distinguished, which can actually be considered as “surname dialects”.

Published

The recent development of communication and sensor technology results in the growth of a new attractive and challenging area - wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A wireless sensor network which consists of a large number of sensor nodes is deployed in environmental fields to serve various applications. Facilitated with the ability of wireless communication and intelligent computation, these nodes become smart sensors which do not only perceive ambient physical parameters but also be able to process information, cooperate with each other and self-organize into the network. These new features assist the sensor nodes as well as the network to operate more efficiently in terms of both data acquisition and energy consumption. Special purposes of the applications require design and operation of WSNs different from conventional networks such as the internet. The network design must take into account of the objectives of specific applications. The nature of deployed environment must be considered. The limited of sensor nodes� resources such as memory, computational ability, communication bandwidth and energy source are the challenges in network design. A smart wireless sensor network must be able to deal with these constraints as well as to guarantee the connectivity, coverage, reliability and security of network's operation for a maximized lifetime. This book discusses various aspects of designing such smart wireless sensor networks. Main topics includes: design methodologies, network protocols and algorithms, quality of service management, coverage optimization, time synchronization and security techniques for sensor networks.

The book “Modern classrooms. New perspectives on the reform of secondary education at the time of the JAE” aims to provide a renewed focus on the development of secondary education in Spanish society of the first third of the 20th century, focusing attention on reforms and innovations promoted by the Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones científicas (Board for Advanced Studies and Scientific Research) to improve the quality of that education level. The nine contributions in the work offer new knowledge about two important aspects of these reforms and innovations. On the one hand, new information about the renewing work of a large group of professors who introduced innovations in teaching practice of subjects such as natural history, geography, psychology, and language and literature. On the other hand, several case studies are presented to publicize the considerable effort made by the Spanish Second Republic to improve the quality of secondary education and increase decisively schooling rates by opening their classrooms to the women. In this multifaceted work have come together historians of science and education with the aim of helping better understand the Spanish public educational system and the history of their secondary education, which for too long has been the "poor cousin" of the historical-educational research. = El libro Aulas modernas. Nuevas perspectivas sobre las reformas de la enseñanza secundaria en la época de la JAE pretende ofrecer un renovado enfoque sobre el desarrollo de la enseñanza secundaria en la sociedad española del primer tercio del siglo XX, concentrando su atención en las reformas e innovaciones promovidas por la Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas para mejorar la calidad de ese nivel educativo. Las nueve contribuciones de la obra aportan nuevos conocimientos sobre dos aspectos significativos de esas reformas e innovaciones. Por una parte se ofrece relevante información sobre la labor de un amplio grupo de profesores que introdujeron innovaciones en la práctica docente de asignaturas como las ciencias naturales, la geografía, la psicología, y la lengua y literatura. Por otro lado se presentan diversos análisis de casos para dar a conocer el considerable esfuerzo efectuado por la Segunda República para elevar la calidad de la enseñanza secundaria e incrementar las tasas de escolarización abriendo sus aulas a las mujeres de manera decidida. Esta obra poliédrica, donde han confluido historiadores de la ciencia y de la educación, pretende por tanto ayudar a conocer mejor el sistema educativo público español y la historia de su educación secundaria que durante largo tiempo ha sido el “pariente pobre” de la investigación histórico-educativa.

This analysis uses data from Selected Acquisition Reports to determine the causes of cost growth in 35 mature major defense acquisition programs. Four major sources of growth are identified: (1) errors in estimation and scheduling, (2) decisions by the government, (3) financial matters, and (4) miscellaneous. The analysis shows that more than two-thirds of cost growth (measured as simple averages) is caused by decisions, most of which involve quantity changes, requirements growth, and schedule changes.

Die Kernkompetenzen von Auszubildenden objektiv und zuverlässig zu erfassen - unter Einsatz modernster Technologien -, das war das Ziel des Forschungsprogramms ASCOT. Dieser Band stellt Ergebnisse aus der vom BMBF geförderten Forschungsinitiative vor. Im Mittelpunkt stehen Messmodelle, Teststrategien und validierte Instrumente zur Ermittlung von Kompetenzen der Auszubildenden in ausgewählten Berufsfeldern (kaufmännisch-verwaltend, gewerblich-technisch, gesundheitlich-pflegerisch). Dazu wurden computergestützte Mess- und Prüfungssituationen erarbeitet, die dank standardisierter Abläufe überregional vergleichbare Ergebnisse liefern. Erste Anwendungsdaten zeigen Befunde über die Leistungsverteilung bei Auszubildenden und vermitteln Einblicke in die Bedingungskonstellationen des beruflichen Kompetenzerwerbs. Mit diesen Arbeiten legt das ASCOT-Programm zugleich die Grundlagen für eine künftige internationale Vergleichsstudie im Bereich der Berufsbildung.

L’Ajitāgama et le Rauravāgama publiés dans cette même collection (ci-dessus n° 24 et 18) par le Pandit N.R. Bhatt sont deux traités śivaïtes sanskrits relevant de l’École Śaivasiddhānta. Comme de nombreux autres āgama de la même école, ils contiennent des exposés importants et détaillés sur l’architecture des temples de Śiva et de leurs annexes. Cet ouvrage analyse ces exposés et en étudie systématiquement la terminologie. Il fournit ainsi une première présentation de la théorie architecturale indienne élaborée en Inde du Sud à partir des viie-viiie siècle sur la base des temples pallava et développée ensuite à l’époque Cola. Un index-glossaire et différents tableaux concernant des ensembles moulurés complètent l’ouvrage.

Qualquer análise que procura privilegiar a diversidade de atuação de uma sociedade se constitui sempre num trabalho fragmentário e inacabado. Não é outra a sina deste ora apresentado. Pesquisa e reflexão quando redundaram em avanços muitas vezes abriram caminhos que apre­sentavam pontos de grande complexidade e de difícil solução. Algumas dessas questões foram em parte resolvidas, mas sabemos que em caráter provisó­rio, pois o passado é sempre uma questão em aberto.

This book offers fresh perspectives on the encounters between foreign relations law and public international law. These can occur in a hybrid zone of interaction which requires both bridges and boundaries. A timely book with crucial relevance for scholars, students and practitioners in both foreign relations law and international law.

The contribution analyses the relationship between the Università degli Studi di Firenze and the city's literary and linguistic institutions in the hundred years of the University’existence. Three frameworks are dedicated to the link with the Gabinetto Scientifico Letterario G.P. Vieusseux, the Società Dantesca Italiana and the Accademia Toscana di Scienze e Lettere 'La Colombaria' for literary side, and one to that between the University and the Accademia della Crusca for linguistic one.