Open Access Books

Given their unchecked neoliberal restructuring, Berlin and Istanbul have been exposed to various forms of political polarisation and social injustice over the last decade. As a result, the struggle for affordable housing, access to public space, fair working conditions, ecological justice and the right to different ways of life has intensified. Various forms of resistance "from below" have challenged the relationship between local governments and social movements, questioning where and how the city's political problems arise. In a mixture of dialogues, essays and critical reflections, this book explores the ways in which residents of Berlin and Istanbul experience, express and resist the physical, political and normative reorganisation of their cities. It poses the question: Who is the We in We, the City?

Le centenaire du début de l'affaire Dreyfus invite à revenir sur l'alchimie complexe qui conduisit d'une confidentielle affaire d'espionnage à un grand débat public, crise emblématique et paradigme du passage à l'État de droit, mais aussi de la lutte constante contre préjugés et pulsions irrationnelles qu'implique la démocratie. À ce titre, l'affaire Dreyfus reste une leçon permanente. Compte tenu de la position particulière de la France dans le monde de l'époque, point de référence pour tous...

Aboutissement d’une exploration systématique de toutes les sources disponibles, tant latines qu’orientales, ce gros ouvrage constitue une somme encore inégalée sur l’histoire des croisades et du royaume latin de Jérusalem. L’édifice repose sur une étude attentive de la situation de l’Orient musulman et de l’Occident chrétien, à la fin du XIe siècle. Dans ce tableau viennent naturellement s’insérer la prédication et l’organisation de la Première Croisade. Pauvres et riches, piétons et chevaliers prennent la route de Jérusalem, conquièrent la Ville sainte, après "mainte souffrance, et y établissent le coeur d’un nouvel État progressivement conquis. Le réveil du djihad suscite les Deuxième et Troisième Croisades, inégalement fructueuses. À la fin du XIIe siècle, le redressement du monde latin conduit à l’avènement d’un second royaume, centré sur la ville d’Acre, mais réduit à un liseré côtier. Après les espoirs que font naître Frédéric II puis saint Louis, les Mamlûks prennent le dessus, le royaume se désagrège jusqu’à la catastrophe finale de 1291. La précision du récit événementiel laisse place à de larges échappées sur les institutions et la société des États latins, résultat de la première colonisation qu’ait établie l’Occident chrétien en terre étrangère. Tant par l’élégance de son écriture que par la richesse de l’information, l’oeuvre de Joshua Prawer reste un monument de granit dans l’historiographie de l’Orient latin.

Theodor Mommsen aveva ventisette anni nel 1844, quando giunse la prima volta in Italia, dando inizio alla straordinaria avventura epigrafica che l’avrebbe condotto a pubblicare le Inscriptiones Regni Neapolitani Latinae (1852) e quindi alla progettazione del Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. Marie-René de La Blanchère (Tours, 17 febbraio 1853 - Parigi, 30 maggio 1896) ne aveva ventisei nel ’79, al momento dell’arrivo presso la neonata École française de Rome con l’obiettivo di indagare le antichità della regione pontina: iniziava allora una contrastata (e per certi versi drammatica) vicenda di vita e di ricerca, il cui principale frutto resta il “saggio di storia locale” su Terracine (1884), preceduto e seguito da importanti contributi sul Latium adiectum e l’Africa romana; nel 1885 l’Autore si sarebbe trasferito in Tunisia, dove divenne protagonista della vasta opera di studio e salvaguardia delle antichità locali, culminata nella fondazione del Museo del Bardo. Questo libro raccoglie gli atti del convegno internazionale Dalle terre pontine all’Africa romana: Marie-René de La Blanchère, archeologo, epigrafista, orientalista (San Felice Circeo, 3-4 giugno 2016), organizzato dall’École francaise de Rome e dal Comune di San Felice Circeo (LT) in sinergia con la Soprintendenza archeologica del Lazio Meridionale, con “Sapienza” Università di Roma e l’Università della Tuscia di Viterbo. Nel ripercorrere le tappe della carriera scientifica di La Blanchère, il volume – arricchito dalla prima bibliografia sistematica degli scritti dell’Autore – affronta alcuni momenti chiave della politica culturale della Francia di fine Ottocento, sullo sfondo della virtuosa competizione tra le istituzioni archeologiche europee in Italia, soffermandosi in particolare sulle tappe della ‘scoperta’ delle antichità del Lazio meridionale, negli anni in cui si compiva la titanica impresa dei volumi IX e X del CIL (1883).

Die 17 Beiträge in diesem Band untersuchen Möglichkeiten für eine demokratische Erneuerung von Demokratien. Von der Bedeutung des (säkularen) »Glaubens« bis zur Rückgewinnung der Gemeingüter zielt jeder Essay darauf ab, einen Samen zu pflanzen, der das Versprechen demokratischer Potentiale trägt. Mit Themen wie planetarer Wandel, KI und plurale Wissenssysteme wirkt das Buch als Inspiration, die zu unorthodoxen, mitfühlenden und experimentellen Ansätzen aufruft. Es ist eine Einladung, demokratische Zukünfte zu kultivieren, die ebenso vielfältig, resilient und lebendig sind, wie die Gesellschaften, denen sie zu dienen beabsichtigen.

This open access textbook introduces and defines digital humanism from a diverse range of disciplines. Following the 2019 Vienna Manifesto, the book calls for a digital humanism that describes, analyzes, and, most importantly, influences the complex interplay of technology and humankind, for a better society and life, fully respecting universal human rights. The book is organized in three parts: Part I “Background” provides the multidisciplinary background needed to understand digital humanism in its philosophical, cultural, technological, historical, social, and economic dimensions. The goal is to present the necessary knowledge upon which an effective interdisciplinary discourse on digital humanism can be founded. Part II “Digital Humanism – a System’s View” focuses on an in-depth presentation and discussion of the main digital humanism concerns arising in current digital systems. The goal of this part is to make readers aware and sensitive to these issues, including e.g. the control and autonomy of AI systems, privacy and security, and the role of governance. Part III “Critical and Societal Issues of Digital Systems” delves into critical societal issues raised by advances of digital technologies. While the public debate in the past has often focused on them separately, especially when they became visible through sensational events the aim here is to shed light on the entire landscape and show their interconnected relationships. This includes issues such as AI and ethics, fairness and bias, privacy and surveillance, platform power and democracy. This textbook is intended for students, teachers, and policy makers interested in digital humanism. It is designed for stand-alone and for complementary courses in computer science, or curricula in science, engineering, humanities and social sciences. Each chapter includes questions for students and an annotated reading list to dive deeper into the associated chapter material. The book aims to provide readers with as wide an exposure as possible to digital advances and their consequences for humanity. It includes constructive ideas and approaches that seek to ensure that our collective digital future is determined through human agency.

This research unravels the economic collapse of the Datoga pastoralists of central and northern Tanzania from the 1830s to the beginning of the 21st century. The research builds from the broader literature on continental African pastoralism during the past two centuries. Overall, the literature suggests that African pastoralism is collapsing due to changing political and environmental factors. My dissertation aims to provide a case study adding to the general trends of African pastoralism, while emphasizing the topic of competition as not only physical, but as something that is ethnically negotiated through historical and collective memories. There are two main questions that have guided this project: 1) How is ethnic space defined by the Datoga and their neighbours across different historical times? And 2) what are the origins of the conflicts and violence and how have they been narrated by the state throughout history? Examining archival sources and oral interviews it is clear that the Datoga have struggled through a competitive history of claims on territory against other neighbouring communities. The competitive encounters began with the Maasai entering the Serengeti in the 19th century, and intensified with the introduction of colonialism in Mbulu and Singida in the late 19th and 20th centuries. The fight for control of land and resources resulted in violent clashes with other groups. Often the Datoga were painted as murderers and impediments to development. Policies like the amalgamation measures of the British colonial administration in Mbulu or Ujamaa in post-colonial Tanzania aimed at confronting the “Datoga problem,” but were inadequate in neither addressing the Datoga issues of identity, nor providing a solution to their quest for land ownership and control.

Lassa virus causes Lassa fever disease in several countries in West Africa, where it is estimated to infect up to half million people causing roughly five thousand deaths each year. This deadly virus has also been introduced in multiple occasions into the western world, including the United States, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Sweden, and Germany. Lassa virus infection, which is often misdiagnosed, can lead to a wide range of disease symptoms ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to bleeding disorders, multi-organ failure, and death. Despite some major discoveries made in recent years of research on Lassa fever, there are still many unresolved key issues that hamper the development of effective vaccines and therapies. Some of these issues include a detailed understanding of the viral and participating host factors in completing the virus life cycle, in mediating disease pathogenesis or protection, and in activating or suppressing host immune responses against virus infection. This book is devoted to understanding some of these important issues. Expert and timely contributions in the form of editorial and original research and review articles on Lassa fever viral replication, disease pathogenesis and protection, host immune modulations, and other related hot topics are presented in this publication.

The Western and Central Pacific Ocean is home to the largest tuna fishery in the world - around half of the world's tuna supply - and is a vital economic resource for Pacific island countries. The potential of the Pacific tuna fishery to contribute to economic development in the Pacific island countries is enormous, but will require a cooperative regional strategy to maximise access fees from distant water fishing nations, as well as targeted domestic policy and legislation to encourage local fishing industries. Together with the importance of acting strategically with regard to such a variable resource, the lesson of fisheries management globally is that it is most effective when it takes into consideration social, cultural and political contexts. Based on an extensive study of six Pacific island states, Capturing Wealth from Tuna maps out the aspirations and limitations of six Pacific island countries and proposes strategies for capturing more wealth from this resource in a sustainable and socially equitable manner.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the contemporary evolution of psychoanalytic thought and significant development in psychoanalytic methods, relating this information with other scientific disciplines and approaches. It also discusses the modern approach to psychoanalysis, psychoanalytic contributions to modern experience and culture, new empirical research derived from the practice of psychoanalysis, and more.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

The desired properties of surface components include the improvement of different properties, such as aesthetic appearance, oxidation resistance, wear resistance, mechanical properties, electronic or electrical properties, thermal insulation, wear, triboemission and corrosion resistance through barriers. These properties can be enhanced using different methods, such as by adding a coating. Nevertheless, the bulk of the material or substrate cannot be considered independent of the surface treatment. Metal cutting is one of the general machining methods used to achieve high accuracy and productivity for metal parts. The topics of the book “Manufacturing and Surface Engineering” include the full range of surface engineering aspects, i.e., surface integrity, contact mechanics, friction and wear, coatings and surface treatments, multiscale tribology, computational methods, and optimization techniques applied in surface engineering. Recent experimental works by Zhang, Li, Zhang, Zhang and Duan, and by other researchers outlined that coating layer surface treatments may increase the damping behavior of thin-walled mechanical components vibrating in flexural conditions. Nevertheless, it was also experimentally found by the authors that most of these coating surface treatments had a negligible or null effect with respect to the vibrational damped response in testing or operating conditions. Ciniero, Le Rouzic and Reddyhoff report the potential of measuring charged particle emissions and/or tribocharging for the study or monitoring of the failure of coatings. The spatial information of triboemission allows the identification of the exact time and location of the failure. The evolution of the failure during sliding and the change in the characteristics of the contact are also monitored. After studying the effect of the Ti content on the performance of FeCoCrNiAlTix, He, Zhang, Lin, Zhang, Dong and Li establish that the structure of FeCoCrNiAlTix coatings consists of two kinds of BCC phases. With the continuous increase in Ti content, the number of eutectic structures decreases, accompanying the increase in the proeutectic phase and the Ti-rich second phase is precipitated out. Abutaha, Abdul Razak, and Ibrahim developed an experimental investigation into the engineering properties of concrete incorporating POC as an aggregate and filler material. This approach offers an environmentally-friendly solution to the ongoing waste problems associated with palm oil waste material. Liu and Janssen studied the effects of impact on the wear of the structural steel S235 in various liquids. When the impact is small, corrosion plays a dominant role, thus the sample in seawater wears the least due to the beneficial interaction with abrasion. However, when the impact is large, the wear rates of three liquids do not show a noticeable difference, because the wear mechanism changes from material removal to mainly plastic deformation. The influence of corrosion becomes a minor influencing factor when subject to impact. Vázquez Martínez, Salguero Gómez, Batista Ponce and Botana Pedemonte analyzed the different treatments obtained through setup parameter combinations to obtain samples with widely varying features, according to the thickness of the treated layer and the incidence depth of the laser beam. This diversity of samples shows a range of color tonalities from soft gold to medium gray and blue. Microstructural changes and oxidation layer generation provide a significant increase in the material hardness, reaching Vickers hardness values close to 1000 HV for high intensity treatments. Takada and Sasahara studied the FSB process using four levels of tip radius burnishing tools and investigated their effect on surface roughness, hardness and residual stress for a 0.45% C steel shaft. The thickness of the hardened layer increased as the tool tip radius decreased. The hardness value of the processed layer reached 600 HV. The residual stress on the processed surface was compressive when a radius tool with a smaller tip was used, and the residual stress turned tensile when a radius tool with a larger tip was used. Vereschaka, Kataeva, Sitnikov, Aksenenko, Oganyan and Sotova searched for patterns that allow a reliable justification for the choice of the composition of coatings and their micro- and nanostructures depending on the material being machined and the cutting regimes (in particular, the cutting speed). Amadori, Catania and Casagrande investigated experimentally eight different innovative composite solutions. A significant increase in the damping behavior was observed for all of these solutions with respect to the uncoated components, and with respect to the already known solutions that have previously been investigated by these authors and other researchers. The coating solution employing an Al2O3 powder + matrix, made using a screen-printing and curing technology on an Al alloy substrate, proved to be the most effective technology with respect to the aim of this work. Catania and Strozzi investigated the performance of different solutions in a free and forced flexural vibration response; they propose a simple model based on the assumption of a multi-layer, zig-zag beam, which also locally models the dissipative actions at the interface between the layers. Some virtual prototyping application examples are also reported.

Will historians become programmers? How do historians collaborate with experts from computational domains? At the centre of the book is the question how historians are affected by such ongoing interactions. By following historians and studying digital history collaborations, Kemman critically discusses how digital history will impact historical scholarship.

The study examines the conception of space in the literary works of Richard Weiner (1884- 1937), Věra Linhartová (*1938), and Daniela Hodrová (*1946). What unites them is the departure from concrete topographical, experiential space towards an abstract, topologically structured, and poetically transformed space. The work perceives topological space transformation as the exploration of new spatial qualities or as a possibility for a new spatial perception. The first analysis situates Richard Weiner‘s poetics of space within the modernist tradition and initially discusses self-techniques of spatial transformation. It then examines the transformation of nature description in Weiner‘s work, which arises from transformative experiences such as war and revolution. The second investigation focuses on Věra Linhartová, whose poetics of space was heavily influenced by Weiner. Her neo-avant-garde and simultaneously archaic poetics of space revolve around the possibility of adopting a new positionality, through which transcendent spatial qualities can be made visible. The third analysis examines Daniela Hodrová‘s trilogy as an example of her poetics of superimposition, manifested in the three novels through a complex topographical, organic, and geological motif of transformation. The starting point for the transformation and unfolding of historically superimposed layers of space are magical practices and physical actions. Finally, the study identifies developmental dynamic relationships of this constellation and proposes, based on the topological poetics of Weiner, Linhartová, and Hodrová, an interpretive framework with which topological poetics can be examined in further works, taking into account the categories of subjectivity, language, time, narrative form, and materiality.

Analyse du processus d'urbanisation massive des territoires ruraux chinois et de ses dérives Ce livre apporte des informations inédites et précieuses sur le processus actuel d'urbanisation massive des territoires ruraux chinois, 10 ans après le lancement du programme national d'Edification des campagnes socialistes. En Chine, un modèle urbain expansif réussit en effet sa généralisation dans l'ensemble du pays, appliquant brutalement et quasi systématiquement, malgré de grands écarts climatiques et culturels, les mêmes préceptes urbains jusqu'au coeur des campagnes. Plus généralement, l'ouvrage traite de l'urbanisation des campagnes comme enjeu territorial, environnemental et culturel majeur. Il place le monde rural comme objet d'études à part entière, plutôt que de le considérer comme simple contrepartie de la ville. Afin de mener une réflexion en profondeur, l'ouvrage aborde l'histoire du monde rural chinois qui oscille entre permanences et ruptures. Il se focalise également sur les modus operandi de cette invasion urbaine à travers l'établissement d'un diagnostic territorial précis. Il tend à exposer le système de chaînes d'intérêts qui implique l'ensemble des composants du territoire tout en se focalisant intentionnellement sur l'aménagement intégré des territoires ruraux. L'ouvrage est augmenté dans la version numérique d'un atlas d'échantillons multi-scalaires qui rendent compte du territoire - de l'échelle d'une région à celle d'une parcelle.