Open Access Books

This monograph is the last part of the scientific publication of the programme entitled “Spaces and Rites. The Archaeology of Worship in the Sanctuaries of the Mediterranean World”, common to the French Schools at Athens and Rome (2012–2016), and brings together ten essays. Faced with the semantic wealth of literary genres and narrative processes, archaeology provides us with a huge variety of material information that makes absolute sense and covers at least three areas, architecture and the organisation of spaces, iconographical objects and programmes, as well as the practices carried out in sacred spaces, be they ritualistic or not. The main issue here is the place of religion in the everyday life of the cities: the Gods were everywhere, “in spaces with little human presence”, inside and outside the walls, in urban spaces, in the private sphere but also, and above all in the wild. Here, researchers that specialise in ancient sanctuaries analyse the way the divine is perceived, in all of its forms.

The National Intelligence Council's 2008 report "Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World" projects what the world will look like in 2025 based on recent trends. This paper asks: How should U.S. policy adapt now to account for these trends and the future that will result from them? The author explores such issues as climate change, defense, international relations, and the structure of the federal government.

Sheds fresh light on the transformation of the ancient world, focusing on the social, cultural and religious history of late antique southern Gaul and employing the lens of popular culture.

Der Vergleich zwischen der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung im Süden der USA und der EU im regionalen Kontext wirft eine Vielzahl von spannenden Fragen auf. Wie viel Geld sollten Gemeinden und Länder in Form von Förderungen und Steuererleichterungen in die Hand nehmen, um ausländische Investoren in die USA zu ziehen? Sollen die einzelnen amerikanischen Staaten und Gemeinden überhaupt öffentliche Gelder einsetzen, um ausländische Unternehmungen an Land zu ziehen? Genügt das Argument vieler Politik...

This book offers a profound exploration of microalgae, unraveling the potential applications of these photosynthetic powerhouses. With eight chapters, this book discusses the diverse applications of microalgae and microalgae-derived compounds and addresses such topics as cutting-edge developments in biodiesel production, the synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the pivotal role of microalgae in mitigating climate change, and more. This book is essential for those intrigued by sustainable biotechnological practices and the global impact of microalgae technology.

This book is an introduction to the concepts and developments of emerging electric machines, including advances, perspectives, and selected applications. It is a helpful tool for practicing engineers concerned with emerging electric machines and their challenges and potential uses. Chapters cover such topics as electric machines with axial magnetic flux, asynchronous machines with dual power supply, new designs for electrical machines, and more.

This open access book provides recent trends of urbanization and inequality in Africa and Asia. It addresses the inequality challenges of urbanization and large-scale rural-to-urban migration. It answers questions around socio-economic and spatial inequalities and how serious those are in cities in Africa and Asia under 21st-century urbanization. Chapters demonstrate how the old neighborhood division in cities based on race, ethnicity, religion, apartheid, tribes, caste and migrant are replaced by social class through sorting in the housing market. The analyses go beyond the normal income inequality consideration and take a broader perspective on inequality by considering these issues at the neighborhood level to reveal the new spatial divisions in cities. As such, it is essential reading for academics and students in urban studies, sociology, geography, planning, and policymakers working on urban development around the world.

With a focus on Sápmi – the transcultural and transnational homeland of the Sámi people – this book presents case studies and theoretical frameworks which explore the ways in which memory institutions such as museums, archives, and festivals participate in and guide processes of appropriation, decolonization, and memory-making. The destruction and concealment of Sámi objects in both private and museum collections worldwide have impacted Sámi knowledge systems, disrupting local ways of knowing. Appreciation and reappropriation are important acts of decolonization which seek to create openings for reconnection to traditions, languages, and practices that were forcibly suppressed in the past. Western memory institutions such as museums, archives, and galleries have had a great impact on how heritage has been collected, stored, conserved, and organized within closed walls and glass cases. As the new museology movement developed in the 1990s, numerous examples revealed how difficult it became for researchers and public alike to access heritage. Considering the proliferation of cultural interventions and the growth of Sámi mobilization, which calls into question assumptions about how best to activate and experience Sámi cultural heritage and what constitutes appropriate stewardship, this book sheds light on initiatives to return artefacts to the Sámi community. With particular attention to the ways in which Sámi self-determination and the shifting boundaries between Indigenous and settler identities are articulated, challenged, and renegotiated, it draws on approaches from critical museology and Indigenous methodologies to explore the initiation, experience, and operationalizing of restitution projects. This book will therefore appeal to scholars of cultural studies, anthropology, sociology, and museum and heritage studies, as well as to those interested in questions of repatriation, restitution, and healing processes.

In the second half of the 17th century, the translators of the Russian ambassadorial office had to translate a large number of books. Among them, the equestrian books by Antoine de Pluvinel from the 1620s stand out: Maneige Royal and L'Instruction du Roy / Reitkunst. Ingrid Maier focuses on the Russian translation of L'Instruction du Roy / Reitkunst from 1677, but the history of this edition is inseparable from that of Maneige Royal. The author compares selected fragments of the translations. Even this first selective analysis leads to surprising insights into translation techniques and the translators' interventions in the texts.

This book discusses liquid metals used in various manufacturing processes in the aerospace and automobile industries. It provides important original and theoretical experimental results on the use of non-routine technologies. It also presents novel applications of more familiar experimental techniques and analyses of composites. Topics covered include the importance of liquid metals, friction stir welding to improve aluminium alloys, adhesion phenomenon of liquid metals, secondary aluminium used for producing products, and more.

While entities as different as armed groups, multinational corporations, political parties, megacities, labour unions, terrorist organisations, or indigenous peoples are mentioned as non-state actors in the relevant literature, rural communities are never referred to. This book addresses the role of rural communities as non-state actors, lifting this invisibility veil with arguments coming from three theories of/scholarly approaches to international law: positivism, sociolegal realism (the New Haven School), and constitutionalism. It argues, first, that rural communities are recognised by the community of states as derived subjects of international law since they are made bearers of rights and duties in some major multilateral treaties. Second, rural communities have the ability to affect international lawmaking as they acquire the tools to influence decision-making in international arbitration and court litigation. Finally, the book highlights the need to recognise the status of rural communities when seeking global justice, as these are the communities that benefit the least from globalisation, while paying the highest price in terms of damage to the natural and sociocultural environment. Advocating for the existence of some supreme norms above the will of the states and the recognition of rural communities as non-state actors, this book will be of interest to academics, policy-makers, and non-governmental organisations working in the field of public international law and rural social matters.

Human rights advocates have long pressed for international institutions to prosecute crimes against humanity. With its global reach and mandate to investigate and prosecute some of the world's most severe crimes (genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity) the creation of the International Criminal Court in 2002 was hailed as a landmark event in the evolution of truly global society. Supporters argue that the ICC and other transnational tribunals will deter the commission of atrocities and contribute to global peace and stability, and they laud its independence and its potential to check the arbitrary use of power against the powerless. To better understand how international criminal courts function and determine their broader implications for global society, this book examines the factors that led to the creation and evolution of international criminal courts, the nature of the support for and opposition to such institutions, and how they function.

Le nocturne au cinéma et en photographie est-il un genre artistique ou une catégorie esthétique rassemblant différentes formes artistiques ? Est-il une atmosphère (Stimmung) apte à conférer aux différentes images une tonalité émotionnelle singulière ou un dispositif destiné à favoriser son surgissement ? Si le nocturne rencontre d’impressionnants succès dans « le noir et blanc », en quoi son plein développement est-il lié à l’émergence de la couleur, non seulement au cinéma, mais avec un léger retard, en photographie ? Pour répondre à ces questions, le livre étudie au plus près les techniques et les processus de création de réalisateurs et de photographes de la fin des années 1970 et des décennies suivantes (Stanley Kubrick, David Lynch, Brian de Palma, Francis Ford Coppola, Rut Blees Luxemburg, Chrystel Lebas, Gregory Crewdson, Bill Henson et autres). Chez eux, l’emploi de la couleur s’est généralisé. Il est devenu de plus en plus intense et raffiné de telle sorte qu’il engendre un art de la métamorphose, du rayonnement de l’invisible et du passage d’un univers à un autre. Bref, un art du sublime explorant toutes les dimensions artistiques et philosophiques de la nuit.

The Wadden Sea Region is comprised of the embanked coastal marshes and islands in the Wadden Sea near Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands. This area retains an exceptional common history in all its aspects: archaeologically, economically, socially, and culturally. Its settlement history of more than two thousand years is unrivalled and still mirrored in the landscape. Even though it has never constituted a political unity, it still shares a landscape and cultural heritage. For example, the approaches to water management and associated societal organization developed in the region during the last millennium have set significant world standards. This book offers an overview of current research on history, landscape and cultural heritage of the Wadden Sea region.

In the last few decades, various composite gels have been developed. In recent years, further advances have been made in the development of novel composite gels with potential applications in various fields. This reprint offers the latest findings of composite gels by experts throughout the world.