Open Access Books

Recently, new compounds from medicinal plants were discovered, and they were used as anti-severe diseases. Therefore, this book covers interested research topics dealing with isolation, purification, and identification of active ingredients from wild and medicinal plants. This discovery will lead to an increase in the global pharmaceutical market as well as open such new gate for medicinal plant research. This book will add significant information to medical researchers and can be used for postgraduate students.

Climate Change; Nature Conservation; Fish & Wildlife Biology & Management; Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning; Applied Ecology

This article presents the attitudes of persons who are friendly and unfriendly towards migration phenomenon. These attitudes are on two opposite poles, from extremely positive to extremely negative. Both in everyday language as well as in the media language or the language of the elite one can notice this outlined bipolarity of attitudes. The article discusses the definition of attitude as an element of intercultural communication that shapes relationships on the international stage. The pro and contra arguments present the complexity of the migration phenomenon. Contra arguments are reinforced by stereotypes about migrants, which were described using examples from the media. The evidence of a strong polarization of attitudes and above all a negative attitude towards migration is given by numerous examples of hate speech in socio-political discourse. It appears in both liberal, leftist and rightist magazines. This phenomenon seems interesting from a linguistic point of view, but one needs to know that it is associated with various social tensions which also affect language.

Die vorliegende Studie schließt eine Lücke der bisherigen 19.-Jahrhundert-Forschung. Sie erläutert, wie das poetologische Modell der Volks- und Kunstpoesie vom Sturm und Drang über die Romantik bis hin zum Realismus theoretisch gedeutet und praktisch gehandhabt wurde. Für viele Autoren und Kritiker des 19. Jahrhunderts hatte es grundlegende Bedeutung für die Vorstellungen von einer ‚guten‘ Dichtung und galt als Maßstab für die literarische Kommunikation innerhalb der modernen Gesellschaft. So wurde etwa die neue Gattung der Dorfgeschichte um die Jahrhundertmitte als moderne Natur- resp. Volkspoesie gefeiert. Scharf davon abgegrenzt wurde die negativ konnotierte Kunstpoesie, womit man verschiedene literarische Strömungen (wie z.B. Tendenzdichtungen) zu diskreditieren suchte. Auch in den Werken der großen Realisten Theodor Storm, Wilhelm Raabe und Gottfried Keller hat die Volkspoesie einen bedeutenden Stellenwert. Es wird eingehend analysiert, wie diese Autoren auf unterschiedliche Weisen auf volkspoetische Prätexte und Erzählweisen zurückgriffen.

Neurosurgery is a vast subspecialty in medical sciences. A brief textbook covering all aspects of neurosurgery is probably rare, especially for postgraduate students, undergraduate students as well as general physicians. The available neurosurgery textbooks are either very detailed or do not cover all parts of neurosurgery. This book is going to be very useful to those who will be sitting for a neurosurgery postgraduate examination/board examination or looking for concise ideas on neurosurgery. This book is based on recent and established scientific data, covering all parts of neurosurgery that can help them a lot including practicing neurosurgeons and neuroscientists as well. Here more emphasis will be given to common neurosurgical conditions without ignoring less frequent conditions.

Aluminum alloys and aluminum matrix composite materials have become the first choice to replace steel materials due to their high specific strength. The penetration rate of light alloys in new energy vehicles, the aerospace industry, and the rapid rail transit industry is increasing quickly. The reduction in energy consumption resulting from structural weight reduction is the key element for sustainable development. For example, every 100 kg reduction in car mass can save 0.6 L of fuel per 100 kilometers and reduce the emission of 800–900 g of carbon dioxide. For every 10% reduction in the weight of new energy vehicles, their range can be increased by 5.5% (for every 10 kg reduction in the weight of pure electric vehicles, their range can be increased by 2.5 km). The comprehensive proportion of aluminum alloys in automobiles will reach about 26% by 2040. The vigorous development of the automotive manufacturing industry has provided a huge application scenario for aluminum alloy profiles, aluminum alloy castings, and forgings. In addition, the use of aluminum in aerospace and high-speed rail is even more widely recognized. This Special Issue summarizes research on and the application of aluminum alloys of typical composition, including AlZnMgCu, AlCu, AlMn, and even Ti-aluminum alloys.

Published

Resistencia, poder, biopolítica, disciplina y muchas otras palabras de la compleja posición de Michel Foucault son ya de uso común. Es frecuente que esta difusión corra a parejas con un desdibujamiento de su contenido, cuando no con su aplicación errónea. Heredero de la Ilustración, Foucault trabaja de manera rigurosa, paciente, con -cierto encarnizamiento de la erudición-, pero su método de exposición es seductor, brillante, iconoclasta. Quizás por ello los planteos foucaultianos suelen usarse acríticamente, aunque aplicarlos a otros momentos históricos exige el mismo estudio y cuidado con que se produjeron. No quisieron ser, no son, modernos -abracadabras- que permiten comprender con él pronunciarlos. Al presentar, ordenados alfabéticamente, los conceptos o categorías utilizados por Foucault, se pretenden destacar los objetivos explícitos de este autor en sus obras y ofrecer, sucintamente, el entorno intelectual y político del pensamiento foucaultiano, este texto no busca sustituir el análisis directo de las obras del pensador francés sino, por el contrario, provocarlo.

Hypoxia, a partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) below physiological needs, is a limiting factor affecting the efficiency of radiotherapy. Indeed, the reaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS, produced by water radiolysis) with DNA is readily reversible unless oxygen stabilizes the DNA lesion. While normal tissue oxygenation is around 40 mm Hg, both rodent and human tumors possess regions of tissue oxygenation below 10 mm Hg, at which tumor cells become increasingly resistant to radiation damage (radiobiological hypoxia) (Gray, 1953). Because of this so-called “oxygen enhancement effect”, the radiation dose required to achieve the same biologic effect is about three times higher in the absence of oxygen than in the presence of normal levels of oxygen (Gray et al., 1953; Horsman & van der Kogel, 2009). Hypoxic tumor cells, which are therefore more resistant to radiotherapy than well oxygenated ones, remain clonogenic and contribute to the therapeutic outcome of fractionated radiotherapy (Rojas et al., 1992).

Im Rahmen des Projekts Duncker & Humblot reprints heben wir Schätze aus dem Programm der ersten rund 150 Jahre unserer Verlagsgeschichte, von der Gründung 1798 bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs 1945. Lange vergriffene Klassiker und Fundstücke aus den Bereichen Rechts- und Staatswissenschaften, Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften, Geschichte, Philosophie und Literaturwissenschaft werden nach langer Zeit wieder verfügbar gemacht – und zwar sowohl gedruckt als auch in elektronischer Form. Einige Titel sind bereits erschienen. Täglich kommen weitere hinzu. Bis Ende des Jahres wird das »Duncker & Humblot reprints«-Programm auf ca. 1.500 Bände anwachsen. Möchten Sie regelmäßig über Neuerscheinungen aus dem reprints-Programm informiert werden? Dann abonnieren Sie unseren E-Mail-Benachrichtigungsdienst.

Published

The author dedicates the text to Professor Elżbieta Umińska-Tytoń of the University of Łódź. The paper outlines poetic images concerning Mary contained in selected works of St. Ephrem the Syrian, Jacob of Sarug and in an anonymous fifth-century Hymn from the circle of Christian ancient Syriac poetry. They contain a kind of theological reflection operating with numerous comparisons, metaphors, symbols and associations, which often bring the truths of faith closer to the reader and in a more accessible way than theological treatises. The language of the works is closer to that of the liturgy. Apart from their poetic value, they bear witness to a rich Mariological tradition dating back to the first centuries. Particularly noteworthy in it are the motifs of combining the maternity and full virginity of Mary, her image as „full of grace” and mediatrix of all graces and intercessor with God.

In Spiritus Loci Bert Daelemans, who graduated as an architect and a theologian, provides an interdisciplinary method for the theological assessment of church architecture. Rather than a theory, this method is based on case studies of contemporary buildings (1995-2015), which are often criticized for lacking theological depth. In a threefold method, the author brings to light the ways in which architecture can be theology – or theotopy – by focusing on topoi (places) rather than logoi (words). Churches reveal our relationship with God by engaging our body, mind, and community. This method proves relevant not only for the way we perceive these buildings, but also for the way we use them, especially in our prophetic engagement for a better world.

Places speak. They tell us a way of life and translate a mentality. Just as when we enter someone's home, we enter their world, so when we visit a city, we become impregnated with a certain way of life and when we discover a landscape, we sense a whole culture. Each place exhales its own imagination. Always and everywhere, life marries places. Today, the places we live in say a lot about our time, about ourselves. Our landscapes bear the mark of globalization. Next to us, it is reflected in very contrasting places, bearers of very divergent states of mind. These different landscapes have the particularity of being sometimes side by side, sometimes tangled up. This essay proposes thirty-six readings of contemporary landscapes put in mirror. In counterpoint, these variations seek to reveal the imaginary of each of these places and to clarify the possibilities of the future that are outlined there. By striving to read the places that our society generates, this book questions its future, its multiple and contradictory futures. Since 1998, Vincent Furnelle has been teaching landscape philosophy at Gembloux. His thought, attentive to the multiple ethical stakes underlying the evolution of our landscapes, remains close to the sensitive experience. He aspires to clarity without renouncing complexity./Les lieux parlent. Ils disent une manière de vivre et traduisent une mentalité. Comme en entrant chez quelqu’un, nous entrons dans son monde, de même en visitant une ville, nous nous imprégnons d’un certain art de vivre et en découvrant un paysage, nous pressentons toute une culture. Chaque lieu exhale son propre imaginaire. Toujours et partout, la vie épouse les lieux. Aujourd’hui, nos lieux de vie en disent long de notre époque, de nous-mêmes. Nos paysages portent la marque de la mondialisation. À côté de chez nous, elle se traduit dans des lieux très contrastés, porteurs d’états d’esprit très divergents. Ces différents paysages ont la particularité de se retrouver parfois côte à côte, parfois aussi de s’emmêler. Cet essai propose trente-six lectures de paysages contemporains mis en miroir. En contrepoint, ces variations cherchent à dévoiler l’imaginaire de chacun de ces lieux et à éclaircir les possibilités d’avenir qui s’y esquissent. En s’efforçant de lire les lieux que notre société engendre, ce livre interroge son devenir, ses devenirs multiples et contradictoires. Depuis 1998, Vincent Furnelle enseigne la philosophie du paysage à Gembloux. Sa pensée, attentive aux multiples enjeux éthiques sous-jacents à l’évolution de nos paysages, reste proche de l’expérience sensible. Il aspire à la clarté sans renoncer à la complexité.

This Reprint, “Diagnosis, Characterization and Treatment of Emerging Pathogens, Second Edition”, continues the work of our previous edition under the same title. Emerging infectious diseases remain among the most rapidly spreading and impactful global health threats. Alongside these, a wide range of other infectious agents continue to endanger billions of people worldwide, posing urgent and evolving challenges that demand innovative approaches for their detection, characterization, and treatment. In this Reprint, we present nine high-quality articles that explore key aspects of emerging pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi. These studies provide novel insights into pathogen biology, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic strategies. This Special Issue enhanced our scientific and clinical understanding of the world’s most critical infectious threats. Collectively, these efforts aim to drive innovation in global health preparedness and strengthen our response to the ever-evolving landscape of emerging pathogens.