Open Access Books

Cet ouvrage s'adresse à tous ceux qui doivent faire des recherches qui portent sur un territoire. Les géographes, bien sûr, mais aussi les urbanistes et tous ceux concernés par le développement régional y trouveront une véritable boîte à outils, théoriques et pratiques. Cet ouvrage ambitieux et pragmatique s'adresse à tous les étudiants de deuxième et troisième cycles (Ph.D.) — géographes et autres — concernés par les champs de l'aménagement, du développement territorial et de l'environnement. Chacun y puisera, selon ses interrogations du moment, des éléments méthodologiques et théoriques, des informations factuelles concernant les sources de données, les sources bibliographiques, les règles de présentation des travaux (rapports, mémoires, thèses...), des conseils utiles et indispensables en matière d'initiation à la recherche. Véritable « boîte à outils » fort richement dotée, cet ouvrage accompagnera l'apprenti-chercheur tout au long de ses années de formation.

Classically, anti-cancer therapies have always been applied with the primary aim of tumor debulking achieved through widespread induction of cancer cell death. While the role of host immune system is frequently considered as host protective in various (antigen-bearing) pathologies or infections yet in case of cancer overtime it was proposed that the host immune system either plays no role in therapeutic efficacy or plays a limited role that is therapeutically unemployable. The concept that the immune system is dispensable for the efficacy of anticancer therapies lingered on for a substantial amount of time; not only because evidence supporting the claim that anti-cancer immunity played a role were mainly contradictory, but also largely because it was considered acceptable (and sometimes still is) to test anticancer therapies in immunodeficient mice (i.e. SCID/athymic mice lacking adaptive immune system). This latter practice played a detrimental role in appreciating the role of anticancer immunity in cancer therapy. This scenario is epitomized by the fact that for a long time the very existence of cancer-associated antigens or cancer-associated ‘danger signaling’ remained controversial. However, over last several years this dogmatic view has been considerably modified. The existence of cancer-associated antigens and ‘danger signaling’ has been proven to be incontrovertible. These developments have together paved way for the establishment of the attractive concept of “immunogenic cell death” (ICD). It has been established that a restricted class of chemotherapeutics/targeted therapeutics, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy and certain oncolytic viruses can induce a form of cancer cell death called ICD which is accompanied by spatiotemporally defined emission of danger signals. These danger signals along with other factors help cancer cells undergoing ICD to activate host innate immune cells, which in turn activate T cell-based immunity that helps eradicate live (or residual) surviving cancer cells. The emergence of ICD has been marred by some controversy. ICD has been criticized to be either experimental model or setting-specific or mostly a concept based on rodent studies that may have very limited implications for clinical application. However, in recent times it has emerged (through mainly retrospective or prognostic studies) that ICD can work in various human clinical settings hinting towards clinical applicability of ICD. However a widespread consensus on this issue is still transitional. In the current Research Topic we aimed to organize and intensify a discussion that strives to bring together the academic and clinical research community in order to provide a background to the current state-of-the-art in ICD associated bench-side research and to initiate fruitful discussions on present and future prospects of ICD translating towards the clinical, bedside reality.

This major new study highlights the role of population sciences in turning Japan into a modern sovereign nation. Based on a range of local and state archives in Japan and in the United States, Aya Homei unpacks assumptions about the links between population, sovereignty, and science.

During the First World War, the parliaments of the states involved in the conflict were, in most cases, forced to drastically limit their activity and were often precluded the possibility of fully exercising their prerogatives. More generally the spaces of freedom granted to the citizens, of which the parliamentary institution was the brightest symbol, shrank dramatically. At the same time, the power of military commands expanded, not only in trenches and on battlefields, but also in many areas of civilian life. However, in the final years of the war, the Parliaments succeeded not only in gradually regaining control, but also in pushing for an extension of their functions, initiating a process that in many states coincided with the transition from a liberal order to a full democratic order. The years of the "long" postwar period were however dense with contradictions. Legislative and executive law often grew together, while in some cases the imperative logic imposed for a long time in wartime re-emerged and consolidated. This volume, which examines several national cases, illustrates some of the ambivalent features of this dramatic phase of European history.

This article deals with morphological non-active verbal voice, which characterises reflexive, middle and passive structures in Standard Albanian and Arbëresh dialects. The data, compared to those of Italian, show that the three different strategies for the realisation of Standard Albanian and Arbëresh non-active morphology interact with the categories of mood, tense and aspect. In particular, these morphological strategies determine a perfective/ imperfective split as well as a series of restrictions which convey different interpretations associated with a stative or eventive interpretation. Particular attention is paid to the possible influence of Italian structures on the Italo-Albanian varieties in the domain of non-active voice.

The monograph analyzes the military, economic and political power of selected countries. It contains case studies especially on those actors of international relations who either aspire to the role of great powers or have come to terms with their rank of "middle power". The potential of the European Union or India predestines them to strive for a place among the most significant actors on the international arena. Japan, Canada and South Korea, in turn, being aware of the limits of their power, focus rather on strengthening the existing international order or balancing between great powers.

The volume was published in 1958, at a time when there was still debate about the legal significance of the Constitution and when labor was still regulated by corporatist norms. The work offers a systematic reinterpretation of labor law in light of constitutional principles. The relevance of the individual, the principle of substantive equality enshrined in Article 3(II) of the Constitution, and the right to work are at the foundation of recognizing a society divided by economic and social differences, which presupposes a rebalancing through a system of guarantees aimed at balancing entrepreneurial economic power with the social and political primacy of labor forces. It is in light of the fundamental principles of the Constitution that the rights to work, to adequate compensation, to social security, and to trade union freedom become non-negotiable rights of the individual, immediately effective even in relations between private parties. And it is always on the basis of principles of democracy and freedom that the rights of collective autonomy are defined in the essay. Despite the more than sixty years filled with history and changes that separate us from this first monograph by Carlo Smuraglia, the principles affirmed therein remain at the foundations of the current labor regulatory system and, at the same time, indicate a path towards the realization of constitutional principles that has never lost relevance.

The book "Listeria monocytogenes" describes different topics that deal with L. monocytogenes in medical research, modelling the behaviour of the organism in meat, quality assurance of raw food material and food products, the impact of environmental stresses in virulence traits of L. monocytogenes relevant to food safety, contamination, prevention and control in food processing and food service environments. The aim of this book is to introduce the reader to different approaches, methods, and tools in understanding the pathogen, Listeria monocytogens, with regard to primary and public health, food safety, pathogenicity, virulence, and its ubiquity. Topics covered in this book deal with L. monocytogenes in medical research. modelling the behaviour of the organism in meat, quality assurance of raw food material and food products, the impact of environmental stresses in virulence traits of L. monocytogenes relevant to food safety, contamination, prevention and control in food processing and food services environments.

Ce livre propose une sélection de travaux présentés lors du colloque international qui s'est tenu à l'Université de Perpignan Via Domitia en mars 2012 en présence d'Enrique Vila-Matas et de son traducteur André Gabastou. On y trouvera, outre un texte inédit de l'auteur, des contributions de spécialistes de son œuvre qui montrent combien la géographie, qu'elle soit mentale ou physique, littéraire ou virtuelle, est un motif particulièrement fécond pour cet écrivain funambule qui n'a pas d'équivalent et dont les textes, même soumis à l'étude, ne laissent pas d'être vertigineux.

Résultant d’une convergence entre la recherche de main d’œuvre de l’administration de la Guerre française, malgré des désaccords au sein du gouvernement, et la volonté des autorités chinoises de se rapprocher des Alliés afin de se préserver des visées japonaises, environ 37 000 Chinois débarquèrent à Marseille à partir du 24 août 1916. L’auteur retrace au travers d’une approche chronologique et thématique le parcours de ces travailleurs, soumis à un encadrement militaire tenu d’exercer un contrôle étroit. Il étudie leurs conditions d’existence pour le moins difficiles, confrontés aux pénuries de toutes sortes et aux mauvaises volontés d’employeurs, publics ou privés, peu soucieux de respecter les engagements pris. Il explore l’environnement dans lequel ces Chinois furent immergés, environnement fréquemment hostile, marqué par une image dépréciative dont ils étaient porteurs et par la méfiance d’un monde ouvrier qui voyait en eux une concurrence déloyale, à l’origine de nombreux actes de violence souvent subis mais aussi commis par certains d’entre eux, y compris à l’encontre de leurs compatriotes. Étant considérés inassimilables, comme les travailleurs coloniaux recrutés pour participer à l’effort de guerre, ils ne devaient pas rester en France, et l’auteur examine les diverses modalités déployées pour les rapatrier, notamment après l’expérience douloureuse des régions libérées, ainsi que les conditions très restrictives imposées à ceux qui purent se maintenir en France.

China's two decades of rapid economic growth have fueled a demand for energy that has outstripped domestic sources of supply. China became a net oil importer in 1993, and the country's dependence on energy imports is expected to continue to grow over the next 20 years, when it is likely to import some 60 percent of its oil and at least 30 percent of its natural gas. China thus is having to abandon its traditional goal of energyself-sufficiency--brought about by a fear of strategic vulnerability--and look abroad for resources. This study looks at the measures that China is taking to achieve energy security and the motivations behind those measures. It considers China's investment in overseas oil exploration and development projects, interest in transnational oil pipelines, plans for a strategic petroleum reserve, expansion of refineries to process crude supplies from the Middle East, development of the natural gas industry, and gradual opening of onshore drilling areas to foreign oil companies. The author concludes that these activities are designed, in part, to reduce the vulnerability of China's energy supply to U.S. power. China's international oil and gas investments, however, are unlikely to bring China theenergy security it desires. China is likely to remain reliant on U.S. protection of the sea-lanes that bring the country most of its energy imports.

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License. It is free to read, download and share on Elgaronline.com. This comprehensive Handbook shows how Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), an important decision support tool for strategies, policies, plans and programmes, is applied globally. It reflects on SEA practices and the advancements made over the past three decades in the development of SEA.

Passing Through Shanghai examines how children experience international mobility. Focusing on a specific yet diverse group of expatriate youths in contemporary Shanghai, the book investigates how children negotiate cultural identity when they are subject to the highly mobile and often privileged lifestyle associated with their parent’s international careers. The ethnographic fieldwork that informs the book was carried out in Shanghai from 2010 to 2012 and focused on expatriate teenagers’ everyday practices, their lives at international schools, their engagement with the city, their dreams and aspirations, as well as their questions of belonging. The book’s ethnographic approach captures the “in-between” state of moving while growing up and explores teenage practices and positionings in this transitory situation. The teenagers’ own perspectives and experiences of living in expatriate communities contribute to a larger view of the interdependence and contradictions between the aspired flexibility of twenty-first century identities and the rigidity of cultural divisions based on nationality, ethnicity, gender, and class.

This paper presents the results of a pilot study about students’ adoption and learning outcomes of 4 MOOCs proposed as a complementary resource for traditional remedial courses on calculus. While the MOOCs were not mandatory, traditional remedial courses were required for those freshmen failing a diagnostic exam. The effects on 589 freshmen students were investigated. The data analysis shows that up to 16 % of the students were active in the MOOCs under study, mostly during the days before taking the diagnostic exam that preceded the traditional face-to-face remedial courses. Trace data about learner actions within the platform were collected as well as the students’ scores. According to a statistical comparison of the students’ exam scores and their interaction behavior with the MOOCs, we observe that active students had more chances of passing the diagnostic exam and skipping the required remedial courses. However, we found no significant differences on the remedial course exam scores between the students that were active in the MOOCs and those that were not. These findings suggest that MOOCs are a good solution to strengthening skills and reviewing concepts, but that more guidance is needed when used as a complement to traditional f2f courses.

This open access book presents a qualitative longitudinal panel-study on child and adolescent socialisation in socially disadvantaged families. The study traces how children and their parents make sense of media within the context of their everyday life over twelve years (from 2005 to 2017) and provides a unique perspective on the role of different socialisation contexts, drawing on rich data from a broad range of qualitative methods. Using a theoretical framework and methodological approach that can be applied transnationally, it sheds light on the complex interplay of factors which shape children’s socialisation and media usage in multiple ways.