Humanities & Social Sciences

Ein Porträt des brillanten Wissenschaftlers Emil Artin als vielseitig interessierten und künstlerisch begabten Menschen sowie als Emigranten, der nach Deutschland zurückkehrte. Emil Artin zählt zu den maßgeblichen Mathematikern des 20. Jahrhunderts. Geboren 1898 in Wien, kam er 1922 nach Hamburg, wo er in seiner wissenschaftlichen Karriere mit bahnbrechenden Arbeiten wesentlich dazu beitrug, dass die Mathematik an der noch jungen Hamburgischen Universität Weltgeltung erlangte. Im Herbst 1937 verließ Artin wegen der NS-Diktatur und der jüdischen Herkunft seiner Ehefrau Natascha Deutschland. Zwei Jahrzehnte lang lebten sie mit den drei gemeinsamen Kindern in den USA. Artin wirkte als Professor an den Universitäten von Notre Dame, Bloomington und Princeton. Im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen Emigranten kehrte er nach Deutschland zurück und hatte von 1958 bis zu seinem frühen Tod im Dezember 1962 einen Lehrstuhl an seiner »alten« Universität Hamburg inne. Das Porträt zeigt Emil Artin nicht nur als brillanten Forscher, Lehrer und Vortragenden, sondern als vielseitig interessierten Menschen. Artin hatte eine ausgeprägte Neigung zur Musik, spielte mehrere Instrumente und bewegte sich in einem kreativen Freundeskreis aus bedeutenden Wissenschaftlern und Künstlern. Eine zweimonatige Reise nach Island im Jahr 1925 hielt er in einem Reisetagebuch sowie in Fotografien fest. Emil Artin (1898-1962) kam nach seinem Studium in Wien und Leipzig 1922 als Assistent an das Mathematische Seminar der Hamburgischen Universität, wo er innerhalb weniger Jahre zum Ordinarius aufstieg. Von der NS-Diktatur 1937 ins Exil vertrieben, war er zwei Jahrzehnte lang an amerikanischen Universitäten tätig, bevor er 1958 nach Hamburg zurückkehrte.

Many of the most fundamental laws of nature can be formulated as partial differential equations (PDEs). However, since the general solution of many PDEs is unknown, the efficient approximate solution of these equations is one of humanity's greatest challenges. While multigrid represents one of the most effective methods for solving PDEs numerically, in many cases, the design of an efficient or at least working multigrid solver is an open problem. This thesis demonstrates that grammar-guided genetic programming, an evolutionary program synthesis technique, can discover multigrid methods of unprecedented structure that achieve a high degree of efficiency and generalization. For this purpose, we develop a novel context-free grammar that enables the automated generation of multigrid methods in a symbolically-manipulable formal language, based on which we can apply the same multigrid-based solver to problems of different sizes without having to adapt its internal structure. Treating the automated design of an efficient multigrid method as a program synthesis task allows us to find novel sequences of multigrid operations, including the combination of different smoothing and coarse-grid correction steps on each level of the discretization hierarchy.

The development of new technologies has represented an undeniable advance for lexicographical work. The field has moved from making superficial use of information technology to integrating it at the very heart of its day-to-day activities, giving rise to a multi-sequential dictionary structure, as well as the incorporation of hypertext navigation, multimedia content and advanced search systems. This monograph analyses the evolution of lexicographical works in the light of these technological changes, which have transformed not only their traditional conception but also the processes of compilation and organisation. To this end, a comparison has been made between the structure of printed dictionaries and that of digital repositories, with particular attention paid to online digital dictionaries. It examines aspects such as their layout, the sections they comprise, the data they present and their forms of graphical representation. Based on this analysis, a series of reflections are presented that go beyond merely formal changes, pointing towards a more profound reconfiguration of lexicographical works. In this new paradigm, not only are fundamental concepts redefined, but new notions are also introduced, with the aim of accounting for the profound changes involved in the transition from print to the digital environment.

Issues that touch on the separation of powers, that is, on the relationship between parliament, government and the judiciary, and on the relationship between the Public Prosecution Service, the legal profession and the judge, have been rife in the news of the past twenty years ( for example IRT affair, acquittal of terror suspects, trial Wilders). The separation of powers is part of most Dutch definitions of the rule of law. The research resulting from this WODC publication is aimed at identifying trends and patterns in messages (from newspapers, television news bulletins, news websites, Twitter) over the past twenty years that could affect confidence in the rule of law. It was examined whether text mining, that is, automated text analysis or "content analysis", is an appropriate research tool.

This book presents an emotion centered research framework titled "emoha" for design innovation. It defines emoha and underlines the importance of the developed framework in culturalization of technology and thereby design innovation. The book explains the detailed research on product styling which leads to the creation of "Emoha" and how to use it in product design.

This study examines the role played by regional cultures in modern art and visual culture in Central Europe between 1918 and 1938. Analysing paintings, photographs, prints, and illustrated magazines in relation to topics such as tourism, social activism, rural exoticism, gender, and ethnic diversity, the book offers a fresh perspective on Central European art and visual culture. It pays particular attention to Austria, a country often ignored in histories of modernism in Central Europe, yet one where the countryside gained high visibility as a part of modern culture between the wars. Examples from Czechoslovakia and Hungary also play an important role in comparison and challenge the nationally fragmented histories of modernism in the region. The book’s approach overall is also relevant beyond Central Europe: it corrects assumptions that modern art and visual culture were at home in the urban space and emphasises the role of the countryside as an agent of renewal and emancipation in order to construct a more nuanced history of modernism. The book will be of interest to scholars studying art history, Central European studies, European Studies, modernism, and cultural history. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

What are the factors which have made South Africa so appealing to terrorist and radical Islamic organisations? What role has South Africa played within global Jihad? This book examines how South Africa has come to play a major role in global terror networks stemming from growing criminality and corruption within state structures. It also examines the interaction between local and foreign extremist elements which undermine South Africa’s security. The author brings the discussion beyond the usual mundane academic treatise to the sharp reality of the global dangers of politicised Islam – a Muslim talking candidly about Islam.

Building on the concept of depoliticization, this book provides a first systematic analysis of International Organizations (IO) apolitical claims. It shows that depoliticization sustains IO everyday activities while allowing them to remain engaged in politics, even when they pretend not to. Delving into the inner dynamics of global governance, this book develops an analytical framework on why IOs "hate" politics by bringing together practices and logics of depoliticization in a wide variety of historical, geographic and organizational contexts. With multiple case studies in the fields of labor rights and economic regulation, environmental protection, development and humanitarian aid, peacekeeping, among others this book shows that depoliticization is enacted in a series of overlapping, sometimes mundane, practices resulting from the complex interaction between professional habits, organizational cultures and individual tactics. By approaching the consequences of these practices in terms of logics, the book addresses the instrumental dimension of depoliticization without assuming that IO actors necessarily intend to depoliticize their action or global problems. For IO scholars and students, this book sheds new light on IO politics by clarifying one often taken-for-granted dimension of their everyday activities, precisely that of depoliticization. It will also be of interest to other researchers working in the fields of political science, international relations, international political sociology, international political economy, international public administration, history, law, sociology, anthropology and geography as well as IO practitioners.

This open access book describes and explains a fifty-year-old woman’s process of developing trade competences. Drawing from daily journal entries, photographs, interviews from 10 fabrication shops, and online forums about trades, this autoethnography details the author's learning process at Howe’s Welding and Metal Fabrication, where she has worked for over three years. This book uses accessible, everyday language and draws heavily from personal experience in trades, taking the value of trades as a given and explaining the process of developing the depth and breadth of conceptual and procedural knowledges—the competences—required to work in repair and fabrication shops like Howe’s. This book combines a research-derived framework for analyzing scaffolded learning and expertise development with stories of learning how and learning what. Readers will gain a better understanding of knowledge development in trades workplaces, including how one-to-one interactions scaffold knowledge, how workers gradually enter a community of practice, and how workplaces can constrain learning. This book also gives readers a view of workplace learning over time and helps readers—researchers and practitioners—recognize opportunities for development toward expertise. The book is useful for tradespeople, especially newcomers to trades and, in particular, women.

This publication includes 82 technical papers presented at Rocscience International Conference (RIC) 2021, held online on April 20 and 21, 2021. Rocscience created this event to bring geotechnical academics, researchers and practitioners together to exchange ideas as part of celebrating 25 years of the company’s existence. The papers in these proceedings were from keynotes, panel discussions and papers, selected after careful review of over 100 technical submissions delivered at RIC 2021. The technical papers were grouped into sessions based on their subject areas. The conference aimed to stimulate discussions that could help the industry work towards overcoming geotechnical engineering limitations today. It also sought to foster creative thinking that will advance the current states of the art and practice. The keynote addresses, panel discussions and technical presentations tried to examine geotechnical problems and situations from fresh perspectives. RIC 2021 hopes that the proceedings will continue to enrich our thinking and contribute to achieving a critical mass of change in our practices and approaches. We look forward to significant improvements in our industry.

This volume covers current issues, cutting-edge debates and new knowledge on women and sport. The range of topics extends from female coaches and women in sport to sexual harassment, from snowboarders to schoolgirls, and from physical education to football. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of the current debates on gender and sport from a women’s perspective, to share new knowledge about important issues, in particular about gender (in)equalities, and to present insights into the causes and effects of the debates and developments in the arena of women’s sport. A special focus in all chapters will be on the perspective of change, and backgrounds, reasons and effects of gender arrangements will be analyzed by scholars who made major contributions to the development of a new gender order in sport and society. Other authors are younger scholars with new perspectives and approaches – who represent the new generation of gender researchers.

Dieses Open Access-Buch bietet fundierte Einsichten und Analysen zur Anwendung agiler Methoden und Organisationsformen im öffentlichen Sektor. Die Beiträge in diesem Sammelband dokumentieren und analysieren systematisch den aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft sowie bisherige Erfahrungen anhand von zahlreichen Fallbeispielen. Das Werk leistet damit einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung der Forschungsagenda und fördert zugleich den Austausch von Wissen und Good Practices. Der Sammelband richtet sich an Forschende, die Innovationen im öffentlichen Sektor untersuchen, an Fach- und Führungskräfte, die ihre öffentlichen Organisationen agiler gestalten möchten, und an die breite Öffentlichkeit, die sich für einen modernen öffentlichen Sektor interessiert.

What was "information" in the early eighteenth century, and what influence did the emergence of information, as potential physical and psychological threat, have on readers of the period? Recent scholarship in eighteenth-century print culture and in twenty-first-century media studies and theory offers a unique opportunity to reconsider how and why information is figuratively imagined during the eighteenth century as an abstract yet bodily entity that can flood, suffocate, and incapacitate readers. Focusing on 1678 to 1722 -- a period that experienced impressive innovations in communication -- this study reveals that the term "information" undergoes a significant transformation with social, cultural, and literary consequences. By investigating discussions of information and media that are evident in works by literary authors, the author finds that writers like John Bunyan, Aphra Behn, Jonathan Swift, and Daniel Defoe confront the idea of information overload and provide case studies in literacy reform that operate on institutional, generic, and consumer levels. For example, while in Defoe's Journal of the Plague Year information is infectious and citizens depend upon comets and phantoms to construct reader-controlled, decentralized media, in Swift's Tale of a Tub commonplace books and collections demonstrate a new type of organizational, or secretarial, impulse in society.

This book is a new history of an ancient geography. It reassesses the evidence for why Europeans believed a massive southern continent existed, and why they advocated for its discovery. When ships were equal to ambitions, explorers set out to find and claim Terra Australis. Antipodes charts these voyages—voyages both through the imagination and across the High Seas—in pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis. In doing so, the question is asked: how could so many fail to see the realities they encountered? And how is it a mythical land held the gaze of an era famed for breaking free the shackles of superstition? That Terra Australis did not exist didn’t stop explorers pursuing the continent, unwilling to abandon the promise of such a rich and magnificent land till it was stripped of every ounce of value it had ever promised. In the process, the southern continent—an imaginary land—became one of the shaping forces of early modern history. Includes 48 pages of b&w and colour images.

This textbook serves as an introductory quantitative course on the fundamental elements of the hydraulic cycle. It enhances students' understanding by discussing the latest advancements in hydrological science, covering both experimental and computational techniques. This textbook is self-contained, requiring no prior knowledge, and includes numerous illustrations to clarify scientific concepts. Complex mathematical treatments are minimized, focusing on clear, step-by-step examples and guides that utilize scientific calculators and spreadsheets. Where appropriate, chapters include assignments that reinforce the textbook’s role in academic settings. A virtual laboratory section is also provided, featuring experiments and example datasets for student analysis. Additionally, the text outlines the equipment needed to set up a physical laboratory, making it practical for educators to implement. Targeted at first-year college students, this book supports early career exploration in fields such as natural resources, earth sciences, and civil and environmental engineering. Offering this course early allows students to make informed decisions about their academic and career paths before they reach their senior year, providing them with ample time to pursue specialized interests.