Humanities & Social Sciences

This book comparatively analyses the role of the EU in influencing the policies of other regional organisations by assessing its role in leading the institutionalisation of ASEAN disaster management institutions.

Several different cultures — Iroquois, Coosa, Anasazi, Hohokam, San Agustín, Wankarani, Formative Gulf Coast Mexico, and Formative, Classic, Colonial, and contemporary Maya — are analyzed through the lens of household archaeology in concrete, data-driven case studies. "This excellent book should be heavily used by anyone with an interest in household archaeology." —North American Archaeologist "There are a number of excellent studies that scholars interested in household archaeology will find highly useful." —Journal of Anthropological Research "This collection underscores the importance of household archaeology to the study of social dynamics." —Choice "This volume is an impressive one. . . . In an era in which household archaeology has become essential to archaeological praxis, this volume is indeed essential reading." —Cambridge Archaeological Journal

Anhand der Beispiele historische Eugenikbewegung und moderne Humangenomik wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit aufgezeigt, dass die Entstehung sowie Aufrechterhaltung von Netzwerken ein entscheidender Faktor ist für den Erfolg wissenschaftlicher Paradigmen und gegebenenfalls damit verbundener Ideologien, dass bei der Bildung bzw. Weiterentwicklung dieser Netzwerke bestimmten Akteuren besondere Bedeutung zukommt (= Schlüsselakteure oder hubs) und dass bei Verlust bestimmter hubs ein teilweiser oder vollständiger Zusammenbruch des jeweiligen Netzwerkes erfolgen kann. Die Richtung, in die sich wissenschaftliche Paradigmen entwickeln, ist damit stark abhängig von den Kräfte- bzw. Machtverhältnissen innerhalb der sie umschliessenden Netzwerke bzw. vom Verhalten und der Kontrolle bestimmter Akteure. Im Sinne der Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie (ANT) wie sie von Bruno Latour u.a. entwickelt wurde, können Entstehung und Entwicklung dieser Netzwerke abhängig sein von menschlichen ebenso wie von nicht-menschlichen Akteuren (etwa Theorien, Methoden, Technologien etc.). Die Unterschiede sowie Gemeinsamkeiten der hier untersuchten Netzwerke und deren (potentielle) Konsequenzen für bioethische und biopolitische Fragestellungen werden in der Arbeit diskutiert.

The main reason why Latin America is a cultural diverse region is because of the indigenous peoples who inhabit it. That is why indigenous peoples' interests on their cultural property have to be taken into account when this matter is to be legally regulated in Latin American countries. In order to ascertain whether that has occurred, the book explores relevant legal instruments at the international and regional levels and compares national norms in some Latin American countries, particularly those concerning ownership. It concludes that recognition of indigenous interests in Latin American law on cultural property is still a pending task.

"Purpose – This master thesis examines the influence of political framing by the German party ‘Alternative für Deutschland’ (AfD) on the medial debate as a contemporary issue. Approach – Based on the concept of framing, public broadcast talk shows about the German regional elections in autumn 2019 were analysed regarding their handling of strategic political frames. By comparing the results of this content analysis with a subsequent examination of follow-up communication among selected key online-media, conclusions about the influence of political framing on the medial debate were drawn. Findings – In accordance with the findings, a distinctive transfer of strategic framing is delivered throughout the analysed media coverage, focussing on the polarising issue of how to politically classify the AfD. Practical Implications – The ascertained orientation in journalistic framing was criticised and recommendations towards a recollection of journalistic standards were given."

The responsibility of science is the starting point for intensive discussions. But who is responsible ty for what? This work is based on many years of research into the developments in modern biotechnology. The thorough analysis shows that responsibility is usually borne by the others. Political, legal, administrative and intra-scientific communication and action structures prevent or dilute responsibility to the point of inaccessibility. Stephan Albrecht uses numerous examples from the fields of medicine, agriculture, pharmacy and environmental technology to demonstrate that biotechnological progress is not evolutionary but political, man-made. However, a fundamental error in this progress is that it is not properly understood and negotiated in public, as a res publica. From a democratic point of view, the author proposes an institutional approach to the perception of responsibility in and for the sciences, which is oriented towards the specific challenges of technological innovation and at the same time builds on the best practices of political and civic decision-making.

In recent decades, the focus of Folklore Studies has shifted from analysing the products of oral traditions as texts to examining the ways in which people use and produce these items, and the areas of study have broadened to include vernacular cultures and genres in diverse verbal and material forms. As evident from the introduction and twelve chapters of this collection, these interests are today shared by several disciplines that cooperate in the area of cultural studies. This book provides insights into current questions about the “nature” of words: it discusses both the inherent essence of vernacular expression and how that essence is tied to various genre-ecological, performative, and material environments. The chapters include studies on the poetics, form, function, performance, and composition of traditional and new vernacular forms, including explorations of hybridity, materiality, and change, as well as critical examinations of archival practices and publication processes.

Borders in Red shows how Lenin and his Bolshevik leadership embraced the nationality question as a way of managing diversity and institutionalized it as a means of governance. Stephan Rindlisbacher uses the making of national borders as a lens through which to examine the Bolsheviks' fundamental shift from proletarian internationalism to ethnonational federalism sui generis. Comparing how party and state managed issues of national diversity in the core regions of Soviet federalism—Ukraine, the South Caucasus, and Central Asia—Rindlisbacher provides insights into their policymaking and into the roots of current territorial conflicts. President Putin has condemned Lenin's nationality policy to be a historical mistake, and with its war against Ukraine, Russia has tried to revise borders that date back to the early days of the Soviet state. However, Borders in Red shows that the Soviet Republics were not arbitrarily divided by leaders like Stalin or Khrushchev. They were the result of long-lasting debates involving politicians, experts, and people from the border regions. The developing Soviet order was a product of trial and error. Thanks to generous funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation, the ebook editions of this book are available as open access volumes through the Cornell Open initiative.

Ob auf der Theaterbühne oder der Kinoleinwand: Ursina Lardi vermag mit radikaler künstlerischer Aneignung das Wesen ihrer Figuren zu enthüllen. Mit Texten von namhaften Wegbegleitern und Einzelanalysen würdigt dieser Band eine eindrucksvolle Schauspielerinnenkarriere. Sur la scène comme sur l’écran, Ursina Lardi parvient, grâce à une approche artistique exigeante, à s’approprier l’essence des personnages qu’elle habite. Cet ouvrage réunit des interventions d’artistes exceptionnels, compagnons de route, et des analyses spécialisées pour célébrer cette carrière d’actrice impressionnante. In scena come sullo schermo: grazie a un approccio radicale, Ursina Lardi riesce a cogliere l’essenza dei personaggi che interpreta. Il presente volume illustra, tramite analisi particolareggiate e i contributi di compagni di viaggio d’eccezione, lo straordinario percorso artistico di quest’attrice. Whether on stage or on screen, Ursina Lardi manages to reveal the essence of her characters by means of a radical artistic approach. The present volume, with contributions from well-known associates as well as individual analyses, pays homage to the impressive career of this actress.

Assuming women’s empowerment would accelerate the pace of social change in rural Nepal, the World Bank urged the Nepali government to undertake a “Gender Activities Project” within an ongoing long-term water-engineering scheme. The author, an anthropologist specializing in bureaucratic organizations and gender studies, was hired to monitor the project. Analyzing her own experience as a “development expert,” she demonstrates how the professed goal of “women’s empowerment” is a pretext for promoting the interests of local elites. She demonstrates how a project intended to benefit women fails to provide them with any of the promised resources.

In this book, feminisation – the marking of female sex on personal nouns – in Dutch and German is investigated contrastively, diachronically, and corpus-linguistically. The corpus-based approach entails a theoretical and methodological shift from a structuralist and essentialist approach to the interplay of language and sex to a poststructuralist, usage-based and holistic perspective, which has long been lacking from the scientific domain of Gender Linguistics._x000D_ Starting from the observation that feminising morphology seems less frequently used in Dutch than in German in the same contexts, the goal is to examine how intra- and extralinguistic factors influence the choice for or against the use of these morphological patterns. These (only partly consciously made) choices are called differentiation and neutralisation, respectively. On the intralinguistic level, the link between the use of feminising morphology and properties of the grammatical gender system is investigated contrastively and diachronically, as well as more generally various semantic and pragmatic factors (semantics of the personal noun, animacy, referentiality) that may contribute to a more or less stable feminisation system. On the extralinguistic level, the effect of diverging views on gender-fair language use in both language areas, and within the respective areas (North vs. South for Dutch, East vs. West for German), stands out._x000D_ Drawing on diachronic corpus data, the effects of these factors are investigated empirically in three case studies by focusing on the form (Case Study I) and function (Case Study II: feminisation in human reference and Case Study III: feminisation in nonhuman reference) of feminising morphology. Both formally and functionally, Dutch feminisation is a complex system, whereas the German one is more uniform and straightforward. The use of feminising morphology in Dutch has been restricted since at least the second half of the 20th century, but less so in Northern than in Southern (Belgian) Dutch. By contrast, the tendency in German goes toward the consolidation of the feminisation system in all semantically female contexts, with the exception of language use in former East-German newspapers. Furthermore, as opposed to the Dutch feminisation system, the German system has taken on inflectional properties known as inherent inflection, the marking of which is semantically motivated. Examples of the use of feminising morphology in nonhuman reference fit in this analysis as well (e.g., die Partei als Gewinnerin ‘the party as the winner.fem’)._x000D_ Significant impacting factors in the reduction of a feminisation system are indeed the gender system (feminisation is connected with a preserved masculine/feminine gender distinction, present in German but not in Dutch), referentiality (feminisation is an important referent-tracking instrument and therefore more likely found in referential contexts), semantics (in the case of reduction of feminisation, remnants of the system are observed in semantic contexts which foreground social gender), the newness of a personal noun in a language (neutralisation of new nouns is more common than neutralisation of long-established nouns), and the influence of language policy: the Dutch feminisation system, as well as the use of feminising morphology in the former GDR, has been subject to a significant effect of conscious neutralisation strategies as a means of gender-fair language use.

From the global geopolitical arena to the smart city, control over knowledge—particularly over data and intellectual property—has become a key battleground for the exercise of economic and political power. For companies and governments alike, control over knowledge—what scholar Susan Strange calls the knowledge structure—has become a goal unto itself. The rising dominance of the knowledge structure is leading to a massive redistribution of power, including from individuals to companies and states. Strong intellectual property rights have concentrated economic benefits in a smaller number of hands, while the “internet of things” is reshaping basic notions of property, ownership, and control. In the scramble to create and control data and intellectual property, governments and companies alike are engaging in ever-more surveillance. This open access book is a guide to and analysis of these changes, and of the emerging phenomenon of the knowledge-driven society. It highlights how the pursuit of the control over knowledge has become its own ideology, with its own set of experts drawn from those with the ability to collect and manipulate digital data. Haggart and Tusikov propose a workable path forward—knowledge decommodification—to ensure that our new knowledge is not treated simply as a commodity to be bought and sold, but as a way to meet the needs of the individuals and communities that create this knowledge in the first place. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)

The Anthem Companion to Pierre Bourdieu' provides an introduction to the French sociologist’s thought and an evaluation of the international significance of his work from a range of national perspectives. The contributions in the companion investigate the applicability of Bourdieu’s theories and concepts in diverse sociopolitical contexts and consider the ways they can be said to possess universal validity. In examining Bourdieu on his own philosophical terms, this companion contributes to the general debate about the effects of the transnational and transcultural transfer of concepts generated in the West.

Vom »Echtzeitfeuilleton« über Memes bis zur »Instapoetry«: Im Zuge der Digitalisierung haben Soziale Medien einen enormen Einfluss auf unser Schreiben, Arbeiten und Denken. Von Feeds und Beschleunigung über Buffering bis zur Archivierung fragen die Beiträger*innen insbesondere nach der zeitlichen Dimension Sozialer Medien. Sie analysieren prägende Schreibweisen der Gegenwart aus literatur- und kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Dabei kommen auch Verleger*innen und Schriftsteller*innen zu Wort.

Wenn Katastrophen zunehmen, müssen sich 'moderne', technisch-wissenschaftlich organisierte Gesellschaften grundlegenden Fragen zuwenden. Wie war es möglich, dass sich komplexere Gesellschaften ohne exakte Wissenschaften und instrumentelle Technik in einer insgesamt unbestimmten Umwelt relativ stabilisieren konnten? Was läuft falsch, wenn dies heute immer weniger zu gelingen scheint? Lassen sich grundsätzliche Muster erkennen, die Gesellschaften anfälliger machen für Katastrophen? Mit der Kategorie der symbolischen Form können diese Fragen angegangen und einige Elemente zu ihrer Beantwortung hergeleitet werden. Das Symbolische ist das Moment, mittels dessen sich der Mensch seit jeher mit seiner Umwelt abstimmt. Die Zunahme von Katastrophenphänomenen weist 'auf entsetzliche Weise' auf diese in der Moderne verdrängte Kategorie hin.