Humanities & Social Sciences

This open access book explains how leading business organizations attempt to achieve the responsible and ethical use of artificial intelligence (AI) and other advanced information technologies. These technologies can produce tremendous insights and benefits. But they can also invade privacy, perpetuate bias, and otherwise injure people and society. To use these technologies successfully, organizations need to implement them responsibly and ethically. The question is: how to do this? Data ethics management, and this book, provide some answers. The authors interviewed and surveyed data ethics managers at leading companies. They asked why these experts see data ethics as important and how they seek to achieve it. This book conveys the results of that research on a concise, accessible way. Much of the existing writing on data and AI ethics focuses either on macro-level ethical principles, or on micro-level product design and tooling. The interviews showed that companies need a third component: data ethics management. This third element consists of the management structures, processes, training and substantive benchmarks that companies use to operationalize their high-level ethical principles and to guide and hold accountable their developers. Data ethics management is the connective tissue makes ethical principles real. It is the focus of this book. This book should be of use to organizations that wish to improve their own data ethics management efforts, legislators and policymakers who hope to build on existing management practices, scholars who study beyond compliance business behavior, and members of the public who want to understand better the threats that AI poses and how to reduce them.

In 1884, an article entitled ‘Hospital Nurses’, describing the role and responsibilities of nursing staff in hospital wards, appeared in the Leisure Hour. The author, who signed herself simply ‘M. E. H.’, was Margaret Elise Harkness, who, a few years later, would publish a series of novels on the conditions of the urban working poor under the pseudonym ‘John Law’. Harkness had been working as a professional writer, mainly for the periodical press, since 1881; prior to this she had spent several years training and working as a nurse and dispenser in various London hospitals. ‘Hospital Nurses’ describes nursing as a profession, stating: ‘Let no one imagine that this is work which all women can do.’ Nurses, Harkness explains, are marked out by their abilities, not their social class, as the work relies on cooperation and equal interaction between nurses of different class backgrounds. Although she gave up professional nursing, the voices of nurses and other medical practitioners are heard throughout Harkness’s long writing career. Nurses appear as characters and commentators in her work; but she also continued to invoke her own medical knowledge for decades after she abandoned her training. For instance, she used periodicals as platforms to give medical advice on epidemics she witnessed in Australian mining communities around the turn of the twentieth century. This chapter traces the voices of nurses as female professionals through Harkness’s contributions to periodicals from the 1880s to the beginning of the twentieth century.

"An Archaeology of Art and Writing offers an in-depth treatment of the image as material culture. Centring on early Egyptian bone, ivory, and wooden labels—one of the earliest inscribed and decorated object groups from burials in the lower Nile Valley—the research is anchored in the image as the site of material action. A key aim of this book is to outline a contextual and reflexive approach to early art and writing as a complement to the traditional focus on iconographic and linguistic meanings. Archaeological and anthropological approaches are integrated with social theories of practice and agency to develop a more holistic perspective that situates early Egyptian imagery in relation to its manufacture, use and final deposition in the funerary context. The dialectical relationships between past embodied practitioners and materials, production techniques, and compositional principles are examined for the insight they provide into changes and continuities in early Egyptian graphical expression across time and space. The electronic version of this book is accompanied by an online database of the inscribed labels, enabling the reader to explore via hyperlinks the fascinating body of evidence that underpins this innovative study. Kathryn Piquette lectures on the archaeology of ancient Egypt and the Near East at the University of Reading. She also lectures in digital humanities at University College London, where she serves as a senior research consultant in advanced digital imaging techniques for cultural heritage. Recent publications include the co-edited Writing as Material Practice: Substance, surface and medium."

What is left of socialism ? This question, too, must be answered in a "project left." Certainly, socialism is no longer an accomplished or well-known model of society to tend tothrough daily political action. It can only be conceived as an uninterrupted search for the liberation of the person and his capacity for self-realization. It should be possible introducing elements of socialism into concrete society such as: equal opportunities, community welfare, control over the organization of work, the diffusion of knowledge as an instrument of freedom. This would overcome, from time to time, the contradictions and failures of capitalism and the market economy, making the person, and not only the classes, the keystone of civil coexistence. (From the cover of the first edition).

Analyzes the emergence of colonial biopolitical thought in a series of projects by Bartolomé de las Casas developed between 1515 and 1521 regarding the depopulation of Hispaniola and the other Greater Antilles (1503-1516), the legal attempts to moderate labor exploitation ( 1511-1514), of the Cisnerian reform of the government of the Indies, its failure and its debate (1516-1518) and the Carolinian project for the colonization of the northern coast of Tierra Firme (1518-1521). What has been traditionally seen as a utopian and humanitarian moment in Las Casas' thought, corresponds, according to the authors, to the emergence of a modern concern for the life of the population as a problem of political economy, the object of calculations and interventions. of government. The extractive model of mining and the encomienda work system during the first three decades of the colonization of the Indies produced a demographic crisis in the Greater Antilles and threatened the existence of the overseas kingdom. Las Casas proposed several reform plans consisting of alternatives to the processes of instrumentalization and exhaustion of life. The clergyman imagined that a good government would replace the misgovernment of the Indies; that the king and his colonial agents would be in charge of indigenous recovery and repopulation, and the promotion of production; and that the growth of people and fruits would result in many and "perpetual incomes." Las Casas came to propose a system of encomiendas without encomenderos directed by royal officials, Indian hospitals, refugee camps, policies for the protection of children and the promotion of miscegenation, agricultural diversification of the economy, and even a colonization plan directed by himself in which he would transplant Spanish farmers to the New World who would live in peace and trade with the Indians. Between 1515 and 1521, Las Casas imagined a biopolitical colonialism, which would “humanitarianly” exploit indigenous life, taking into account its conservation and reproduction; a colonialism that would fill the earth with people, the king's coffers with wealth and Christendom with souls. In trying to negotiate the salvation and cultivation of the life of the population with the tasks of expansion and exploitation, biopolitical thought found its own limits. This book deals with this heterogeneous biopolitical project, its deep contradictions and its resounding failure.

When Austria was annexed by Hitler Germany in March 1938, the National Library in Vienna was not only the biggest scientific library in the country, it was now the third largest in the German Reich. Its status among and influence on the scholarly libraries in the Reich was considerably enhanced by one person during the Nazi period, namely the newly-appointed director-general Dr. Paul Heigl, a fervent National socialist, Acquisitions by the Library during the years 1938 to 1945 are a key focal point of this history, and Heigl played both an active and significant role in the process of book looting in the interest of the National Library. The Library may well have regarded itself in the inter-war years as being „apolitical“ – and house historians have tended to reinforce this image – but this does not stand up to closer scrutiny even during the political period of the „Corporate State“ und Dollfuss and Schuschnigg, let alone during the time of national socialist rule in Austria. The study breaks with the previos taboos and presents the essentially political role of the Library both before and after March 1938 by investigating its involvement in the crimes of the Nazi regime. But the study does not only concentrate on acquisitions made through improper means, it also attempts to capture some of the atmosphere of a major library under the NS-regime and in war-time. The examination also sees itself as a contribution to the hitherto neglected history of libraries in Austria in the Nazi period in general and of church and official libraries in particular. It might be noted that Paul Heigl was not only in charge of scholary libraries in south-eastern Europe following the German invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, he was also a library consultant for local Nazi officials and had considerable sway in forging library policy. Our study discusses a number of chapters in the Library ´s history during the Nazi period which have so far been absent from official histories, primarily those which implicate the Library and point to the vast and varied acquisitions. The main chapter focusses on the development and acquisitions of the Library´s many collections from 1938 o 1945, chiefly on the basis of library records and files, and attempts to describe not only the looting, but also fate of stolen books, libraries and collections immediately after World War Two and on up to the present day. And, as the case may be, their subsequent restitution over the past few years as a consequence of the Art Restitution Law of 1998. Name and subject indices are intended to make the information in thistory more easily accessible.

This open access book considers the growing field of heritage tourism from community perspectives. It explores how the Cham—Vietnam’s large ethnic minority—reconcile their needs for economic development with the boundaries circumscribed by their traditional culture. It examines struggles that local minority stakeholders like the Cham face when trying to participate in areas of development that typically fall under State control. How will tourism affect the ancient sacred spaces that are the Cham’s lifeblood? In what areas is their participation permitted? From what areas are they excluded? Through a novel mix of indigenous methods, participant observation, local voices, and rich ethnographic description, this book provides a rare glimpse into the discourses that have been percolating throughout the community in recent years. The relevance of this study extends beyond the Cham community, and aims to resonate with experiences of the myriad indigenous and minority communities around the world who face similar issues with heritage conservation and tourism development. This book is of interest to students and researchers of heritage studies, tourism management, cultural studies, Asian studies, as well as policymakers, and academicians seeking current research on the connections between culture, conservation, sustainable development, and tourism. ; This open access book considers the growing field of heritage tourism from community perspectives. It explores how the Cham—Vietnam’s large ethnic minority—reconcile their needs for economic development with the boundaries circumscribed by their traditional culture. It examines struggles that local minority stakeholders like the Cham face when trying to participate in areas of development that typically fall under State control. How will tourism affect the ancient sacred spaces that are the Cham’s lifeblood? In what areas is their participation permitted? From what areas are they excluded? Through a novel mix of indigenous methods, participant observation, local voices, and rich ethnographic description, this book provides a rare glimpse into the discourses that have been percolating throughout the community in recent years. The relevance of this study extends beyond the Cham community, and aims to resonate with experiences of the myriad indigenous and minority communities around the world who face similar issues with heritage conservation and tourism development. This book is of interest to students and researchers of heritage studies, tourism management, cultural studies, Asian studies, as well as policymakers, and academicians seeking current research on the connections between culture, conservation, sustainable development, and tourism.

essays; medieval romance; Arthurian Iiterature; Elizabeth Archibald

Through the innovative methodological prism of polycentricity and plurality, this collective volume illuminates the rich religious past of Eastern-Central Europe by examining the multifaceted and dynamic relations between its Christianities, considered here as communities of interactions. Following the baptism of Rus’ at the end of the 10th century, religious life in the region tended to centre around Kyiv, while other centres with different significances and profiles developed concurrently. Polycentricity became even more pronounced with the advent of the Reformation, the Counter-Reformation, and the Enlightenment. As a part of global Christianity, the Kyivan Christianities maintained vast connections and navigated a delicate balance between major poles such as Rome and Constantinople.

By analyzing Chrétien's "Cligès", Ulrich von Zatzikhoven's "Lanzelet", Chrétien's "Chevalier de la Charette", and the Old French "Prose Lancelot", as well as Andreas Capellanus' "De Amore" and Eschenbach's "Parzival", Weigand presents a picture of the ideals of courtly love in Europe in the latter half of the twelfth and beginning of the thirteenth centuries. A long chapter on "Parzival" focuses especially on the introduction of Christian themes and changing ideas of the compatibility of love and marriage.

The literary arts represent and provoke experiences of understanding and emotion, and this open access study examines how the practical pursuit of well-being in healthcare reveals purposes at the core of our engagements with and understanding of literature itself. During the past twenty years, much admirable work in the “health humanities” has focused upon what studies of literature contribute to the understandings and the practical work—the “worldly work”—of healthcare. Such a project aims at developing healthcare practitioners who bring greater care to those who come to them ailing or in fear or faced with terrible suffering. Literary Studies and Well-Being turns this inside out by examining the intergenerational caretaking of healthcare in a manner which allows us to comprehend the nature and discipline of literary studies in new ways. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by The University of Oklahoma.

In October 2009 it was reported that 68 of 101 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in the United States, when tested, were infected with a novel gamma retrovirus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) (Lombardi et al., 2009). XMRV is a recently discovered human gammaretrovirus first described in prostate cancers that shares significant homology with murine leukemia virus (MLV) (Ursiman et al., 2006). It is known that XMRV can cause leukemias and sarcomas in several rodent, feline, and primate species but has not been shown to cause disease in humans. XMRV was detectable in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma of individuals diagnosed with CFS (Lombardi et al., 2009). After this report was published there was a great deal of uncertainty surrounding this emergent virus and its involvement in the etiology of CFS. The uncertainty was, in part, due to CFS being a complex, poorly understood multi-system disorder with different disease criteria used for its diagnosis. CFS, also known as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), is a debilitating disease of unknown origin that is estimated to affect 17 million people worldwide. The initial report connecting XMRV to prostate cancers and CFS garnered significant media and scientific interest since it provided a potential Susie ElSaadany2**, Tamer Oraby1 * Daniel Krewski1, 4 and Peter R. Ganz5 1McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 2Blood Safety Surveillance and Health Care Acquired Infections Division, Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 3Aspinall and Associates, Cleveland House, High Street, and Earth Sciences, Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom 4Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 5Health Canada, Director’s Office, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada ** Corresponding Author , Marian Laderoute2 , Jun Wu2 , Willy Aspinall3 , www.intechopen.com 32 The Continuum of Health Risk Assessments explanation for the disease but also an avenue for possible therapeutic treatments since XMRV is known to be susceptible to some anti-retroviral drugs (Cohen, 2011).

Der Band umfasst Beiträge, die im Rahmen der Jahrestagung der DGfE-Kommission „Grundschulforschung und Pädagogik der Primarstufe“ 2024 entstanden sind und führt zentrale Diskurse zur Grundschulbildung weiter. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, wie notwendige Bezüge zwischen Pädagogik und Fachdidaktiken gestaltet werden können. Die Beiträge eröffnen vertiefende Einblicke in aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten zu fachlichem und fachübergreifendem Lernen sowie Unterrichts- und Schulentwicklung und zur Professionalisierung. Sie zeigen, wie Grundschulen durch eine systematische Verschränkung pädagogischer und fachlicher Perspektiven zukunftsfähig gestaltet werden können. Zusatzband zur Reihe Jahrbuch Grundschulforschung

This book comprehensively analyses non-financial reporting, specifically sustainability reporting, in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. It identifies key trends and common practices among regional companies. The book examines the comprehensiveness and quality of sustainability reporting across fifteen countries by drawing on academic literature, regulatory reports, corporate sustainability disclosures, and scientific studies. The authors explore the benefits of sustainability reporting, including enhanced stakeholder trust, improved reputation, and stronger commitments to environmental, social, and governance practices. Additionally, the book highlights the link between sustainability reporting and improved financial performance. Practical recommendations are provided to help companies in the CEE region align their reporting practices with the latest Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) requirements. This monograph is an invaluable resource for students and scholars of sustainability reporting, corporate social responsibility, and sustainable business. It is equally essential for professionals and companies seeking to enhance their sustainability reporting and compliance in the CEE region. Chapters: Chapter 4 and 17 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.

When the rhythm of the music changes, the dance steps must change also. Step onto the cusp of a new era in teaching and learning. Informed by leading innovators in education technology, this book offers a clear, practical roadmap to turn the promises of/about AI and LLMs into campus-ready solutions. Discover how to harness intelligent tools without losing sight of the human connections that define higher education. Inside these books you will learn how to• craft personalised learning experiences that enhance student engagement and success;• safeguard academic integrity while embracing AI-driven assessments;• empower yourselves with intuitive, low-barrier AI tools for content creation and feedback;• leverage data analytics to close equity gaps and support at-risk students; and• build an ethical AI and LLM strategy that aligns with higher educational missions and values.Whether you are an educator or instructor rethinking lesson design, or a manager streamlining support services, these volumes provide insights and guidance to lead change that will transform higher education culture, elevate outcomes, and equip graduates for work in an AI-infused world.