Humanities & Social Sciences

This contribution discusses the evolution of paper thickness of books produced in the Southern Netherlands in the period 1473 until the middle of the sixteenth century. Changing paper thickness is one of the key elements which in all likelihood helped coping with the problem of the rapidly increasing demand for paper by the press. After a description of relevant aspects of the production of hand laid paper and of the resulting morphology of sheets, a methodology is proposed to deal with the problem of establishing paper thickness in bound volumes and further problems dealing with the compression effect and of binding and rebinding are discussed.

Wie entstehen medienspezifische Interaktionsräume und wie wirken sie sich auf Formen sozialer Ordnung aus? Die Beiträger*innen des Bandes betrachten das Spektrum medienspezifischer Interaktion und unterstreichen dabei die Komplexität der wechselseitig verbundenen Schnittstellen zwischen Menschen und Maschinen. Ansätze aus Medienwissenschaft, -linguistik und -kunst machen sozio-kulturelle Transformationen sichtbar, die durch oder in diesen sich prozessual entfaltenden Interaktionsräumen als Un/Realitäten entstehen. Der Band eröffnet damit einen interdisziplinären Blick auf die Entstehung, Gestaltung und Bedingung von medienspezifischen Interaktionen.

This is the first book of its kind about the Turkish Muslim scholar, Fethullah Gülen, since the July 2016 events in Turkey, the trauma experienced by Gülen, and the disruption to initiatives inspired by his teaching, known as Hizmet. Drawing on primary interviews with Gülen and Hizmet participants and a literature review, this Open Access book locates the clear origins of Gülen’s teaching in the Qur’an and Sunnah in dynamic engagement with their geographical, temporal and existential reception, translation, and onward communication. It argues that as Hizmet cannot be understood apart from Gülen and his teaching, Gülen and his teaching cannot be understood apart from Hizmet, while exploring the heritage of both. A more geographically focused case study is set out in author Paul Weller’s Hizmet in Transitions: European Developments of a Turkish Muslim-Inspired Movement, also published by Palgrave Macmillan (2022).

Trotz zahlreicher Bemühungen und Erfolge in der Gleichstellungspolitik seit Ende der 1990er Jahre bestehen in der Praxis nach wie vor erhebliche geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. Frauen haben nach wie vor geringere Erfolgsaussichten beim Zugang und beim Verbleib in Beschäftigung, ihre Bezahlung und ihre Aufstiegsmöglichkeiten sind schlechter. Die Beiträge dieses Bandes bieten einen umfassenden Überblick über die aktuelle geschlechtsbezogene Arbeits(marktpolitik-)forschung. Mit einem multiperspektivischen Blick auf den vergeschlechtlichten Arbeitsmarkt gelingt es dem Band, historische Aspekte, Gegenwartsanalysen sowie gesellschaftliche Transformationsprozesse und Lösungsansätze zu verbinden. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode

The fortieth anniversary of the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre’s founding provided the opportunity to assemble many of Australia’s leading analysts and commentators to review some of the more significant issues that should define Australian defence policy. In the first 20 years after its establishment, SDSC scholars played a prominent role in shaping the ideas and aspirations that eventually found official expression in the 1987 Defence of Australia White Paper. This policy sustained a coherent balance between strategy, force structure and budgets for well over a decade. In recent years, however, the cumulative effects of the end of the Cold War and watershed events like the East Timor experience; the attacks on New York and Washington, D.C., in September 2001; the Bali bombings in October 2002; and the invasion of Iraq in March 2003 have fractured the former consensus on defence policy. These developments have eroded acceptance of the core judgements underpinning defence policy. This has led to a more tenuous connection between some recent major equipment acquisitions and declared policy. The unravelling of the consensus on the ‘defence of Australia’ policy means that we must again undertake a balanced, long-term assessment of the nature of Australia’s strategic interests. Only by doing so can we determine the kinds of armed forces that would contribute most effectively to protecting those interests. The papers collected in this volume are not informed by a common view of where Australia should focus its defence policy, but all address themes that should figure prominently in this difficult but essential task.

In conventional atomic layer deposition (ALD), precursors are exposed sequentially to a substrate through short pulses while kept physically separated by intermediate purge steps. Spatial ALD (SALD) is a variation of ALD in which precursors are continuously supplied in different locations and kept apart by an inert gas region or zone. Film growth is achieved by exposing the substrate to the locations containing the different precursors. Because the purge step is eliminated, the process becomes faster, being indeed compatible with fast-throughput techniques such as roll-to-roll (R2R), and much more versatile and easier and cheap to scale up. In addition, one of the main assets of SALD is that it can be performed at ambient pressure and even in the open air (i.e., without using any deposition chamber at all), while not compromising the deposition rate. In the present chapter, the fundamentals of SALD and its historical development are presented. Then, a succinct description of the different engineering approaches to SALD developed to date is provided. This is followed by the description of the particular fluid dynamics aspects and the engineering challenges associated with SALD. Finally, some of the applications in which the unique assets of SALD can be exploited are described.

Existing scholarly discussions of theatrical realism have been predominantly limited to 19th-century European and Russian theater, with little attention paid to wider explorations and alternative definitions of the practice. Examining theater forms and artists from China, Japan, and Korea, Realisms in East Asian Performance brings together a group of theater historians to reconsider realism through the performing arts of East Asia. The book’s contributors emphasize trans-regional conversations and activate inter-Asian dialogues on theatrical production. Tracing historical trajectories, starting from premodern periods through today, the book seeks to understand realisms’ multiple origins, forms, and cultural significances, and examines their continuities, disruptions, and divergences. In its diversity of topics, geographic locations, and time periods, Realisms in East Asian Performance aims to globalize and de-center the dominant narratives surrounding realism in theater, and revise assumptions about the spectacular and theatrical forms of Asian performance. Understanding realism as a powerful representational style, chapters collectively reevaluate acts of representation on stage not just for East Asia, but for theater and performance studies more broadly.

This volume collects the interventions of the post-doctoral fellows and PhD students of the University of Cluj Napoca, the University of Bucharest and the University of Florence (Mediterranean Cultures; Doctoral School of Comparative Languages, Literatures and Cultures, specialisation in Language, Literature, Philology: Intercultural Perspectives) presented in occasion of the seminar Storia, identità e canoni letterari (“History, identity and literary canons”, Florence, 22-23 November 2011). The contributions are centred on the idea of canon, as a cultural construct founding modern national identities. Another trace is the literary and cultural hybridisations between different geographies. For the Romanian context, the contributions pay particular attention to the movements of the avant-garde of the early 1900s. Some contributions account for the most problematic aspects of the contemporary world using interdisciplinary approaches.

The CESEE Bank Lending Survey is a unique instrument developed in the context of the Vienna Initiative to monitor cross-border banking activities and deleveraging in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. It serves to better understand the determinants/constraints influencing credit growth in the region and to gain forward-looking insights into the strategies of cross-border banks and market expectations regarding local financial conditions.This report presents the results of the EIB CESEE Bank Lending survey at the regional and single country levels.

The initiative to offer one Festschrift to Silvano M. Danieli for his seventieth birthday pays tribute to a man and a professional whose work has left a deep mark on human relations and on the world of libraries. Silvano, librarian at the Pontifical Theological Faculty "Marianum" and Prior of the Studio Marianum community in Rome since 2014, has indeed played a strategic role in the development of URBE, the association unifying the libraries of Rome’s pontifical universities in a single network of services. The qualified list of Italian and European participants to the work is proof of the breadth of appreciation he earned in his thirty years of activity as librarian and curator of the Bibliography of the Servite Order and of the Marian Bibliography. Aelredo of Rievaulx (1109-1167), one of the leading figures of the Anglo-Saxon Cistercian monasticism, expresses the meaning of this gift with the following words: «A man, by virtue of the friendship he has towards another man, becomes a friend of God, according to what the Lord says in the Gospel: I no longer call you servants, but friends»(De spirituali amicitia, II, 14).

The past two decades have seen a rapid rise in large-scale, state-led transnational investment from countries as different as China, Norway and Russia. By bundling economic resources, these countries have entered global markets through massive state-led investments. This transformation of states into global economic actors is historically unprecedented and presents a major challenge for how states relate to each other in the international system. Milan Babic examines how states have become major corporate owners in the global economy and unpacks the lasting effects of this on our understanding of the state and international politics. Drawing on research into the largest firm-level dataset on state ownership to date, in combination with in-depth historical and conceptual analysis, the book offers a comprehensive analysis of the rise of the state in the global economy and its present and future consequences for international relations.

Richly illustrated, two-volume catalogue of illuminated manuscripts and incunabula of the Austrian National Library from the collections of manuscripts and old prints as well as the music collection. lt is dedicated to the 15th century and includes a total of 164 objects from Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia and Hungary, which have been recorded and prepared for further research into book illumination from an explicitly art-historical perspective.

This open access book is a result of the Dalhousie-led research project Safe Navigation and Environment Protection, supported by a grant from the Ocean Frontier Institute’s the Canada First Research Excellent Fund (CFREF). The book focuses on Arctic shipping and investigates how ocean change and anthropogenic impacts affect our understanding of risk, policy, management and regulation for safe navigation, environment protection, conflict management between ocean uses, and protection of Indigenous peoples’ interests. A rapidly changing Arctic as a result of climate change and ice loss is rendering the North more accessible, providing new opportunities while producing impacts on the Arctic. The book explores ideas for enhanced governance of Arctic shipping through risk-based planning, marine spatial planning and scaling up shipping standards for safety, environment protection and public health.

Childhood Deployed examines the reintegration of former child soldiers in Sierra Leone. Based on eighteen months of participant-observer ethnographic fieldwork and ten years of follow-up research, the book argues that there is a fundamental disconnect between the Western idea of the child soldier and the individual lived experiences of the child soldiers of Sierra Leone. Susan Shepler contends that the reintegration of former child soldiers is a political process having to do with changing notions of childhood as one of the central structures of society. For most Westerners the tragedy of the idea of “child soldier” centers around perceptions of lost and violated innocence. In contrast, Shepler finds that for most Sierra Leoneans, the problem is not lost innocence but the horror of being separated from one’s family and the resulting generational break in youth education. Further, Shepler argues that Sierra Leonean former child soldiers find themselves forced to strategically perform (or refuse to perform) as the“child soldier” Western human rights initiatives expect in order to most effectively gain access to the resources available for their social reintegration. The strategies don’t always work—in some cases, Shepler finds, Western human rights initiatives do more harm than good. While this volume focuses on the well-known case of child soldiers in Sierra Leone, it speaks to the larger concerns of childhood studies with a detailed ethnography of people struggling over the situated meaning of the categories of childhood.It offers an example of the cultural politics of childhood in action, in which the very definition of childhood is at stake and an important site of political contestation.

Ein Gedenkband mit Kurzbiografien von 314 Opfern des Nazi-Regimes, deren Gehirne von Neuropathologen der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institute für Hirnforschung und für Psychiatrie entnommen wurden. Dieser Gedenkband ist das Pendant zur Monografie »›Countless Brains‹. The Neuropathological Specimens from Prisoners of War, Occupied Territories, and Nazi Executions«. Der Band enthält kurze Biografien von insgesamt 314 identifizierten Opfern des nationalsozialistischen Regimes, deren Gehirne von Neuropathologen des Kaiser-Wilhelm-Instituts für Hirnforschung in Berlin und des Deutschen Instituts für Psychiatrische Forschung (Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut) in München entnommen und als Objekte wissenschaftlicher Forschung genutzt wurden. Zu den Opfern zählen polnische Juden und andere Zivilisten aus Ländern unter deutscher Besatzung, alliierte Kriegsgefangene, Zwangsarbeiter, wegen Straftaten hingerichtete Personen und weitere Opfer des NS-Regimes. Obwohl einige ermordet wurden, starb die Mehrheit von ihnen an Infektionskrankheiten wie Epidemischem Typhus und Tuberkulose, die sich im Lagersystem des NS-Terrors rasch ausbreiteten. Da der Schwerpunkt auf den »Euthanasie«-Morden lag, wurden diese Opfer in der Literatur zur Neurowissenschaft im Dritten Reich bislang vernachlässigt. Die Autoren rekonstruieren die Lebensgeschichten dieser vergessenen Opfer von Krieg und wissenschaftlichem Missbrauch. Die Identifizierung der Personen hinter den Proben gibt den Opfern nach Jahrzehnten der Anonymisierung ihre Menschlichkeit zurück.