Humanities & Social Sciences

The current industrial production of the biodiesel relies mainly on vegetable oils that could result in the shortage of edible oils in food markets and increase in their prices. Microbial lipids produced by oleaginous microorganism have attracted a lot of attention in the recent years as a source of high-value polyunsaturated acids as well as alternative feedstock for the production of biodiesel. However, the production of microbial oils faces a number of problems concerning the costs of lipid extraction, carbon source and operational cost for microbial cultivation in conventional stirred tank bioreactor which makes production economically unfeasible. Non-food feedstocks, lignocellulose biomass and different waste streams containing lignocellulose, are low-cost sources of renewable carbon that could significantly reduce the production cost of microbial lipids. This review analyses the current production of microbial lipids from lignocellulose feedstocks and gives an overview of the main stages in the process of lipid production, pretreatment and hydrolysis of the feedstock and microbial cultivation. Cultivation of oleaginous microorganisms has been conducted by submerged cultivation and solid state fermentation. Three process configurations have been used in the lipid production including, separate hydrolysis and lipid production (SHLP), simultaneous saccharification and lipid production (SSLP) and consolidate bioprocessing (CBP). Implementing the biorefinery concept that includes co-production of different value-added products (polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, lignin and pigments) could improve the feasibility of lipid production bioprocess.

„If you don‘t like my arguments, I‘ve got some more.“ (Marshall McLuhan) Wie aber steht es um den Klassiker der Medienwissenschaften im 21. Jahrhundert? Diese Frage diskutieren 37 zeitgenössische Medienwissenschaftler_innen. Ihre Antworten stehen in einem reizvollen Kontrast zu Interviews, die 2007 entstanden und jetzt online zugänglich gemacht worden sind. Viele der ursprünglich Befragten sind erneut beteiligt, neue Stimmen kamen hinzu. Dabei zeigt sich im Vergleich: Die Medienwissenschaften sind diverser geworden, und manche Zukunftserwartung wurde drastisch revidiert.

This book brings together researchers from the fields of international human rights law, EU law and constitutional law to reflect on the tug-of-war over the positioning of the centre of gravity of human rights protection in Europe. It addresses both the position of the Convention system vis-à-vis the Contracting States, and its positioning with respect to fundamental rights protection in the European Union. The first part of the book focuses on interactions in this triangle from an institutional and constitutional point of view and reflects on how the key actors are trying to define their relationship with one another in a never-ending process. Having thus set the scene, the second part takes a critical look at the tools that have been developed at European level for navigating these complex relationships, in order to identify whether they are capable of responding effectively to the complexities of emerging realities in the triangular relationship between the EHCR, EU law and national law. Chapter 10 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license. https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/tandfbis/rt-files/docs/Open+Access+Chapters/9781138121249_oachapter10.pdf

This open access book sheds light on collective practices of remembering, imagining and anticipating in relation to recent acts of urban terrorism in Europe. Analysing a range of personal and collective responses to urban terrorism in contemporary Europe, this book shows that current debates on this issue are shaped by multiple co-existing and intersecting memories of political violence in the past. Moreover, despite public declarations of unity and solidarity, collective memories of urban terror in contemporary Europe are far from consensual - memory can be both a catalyst for and an impediment to social and political change. Drawing on case studies from a range of European countries and creative responses by survivors, artists, and poets, this interdisciplinary volume introduces readers to key methods (e.g. discourse analysis and (auto-)ethnography) and concepts (e.g. Lieux de Mémoire and ‘grassroots memorials’) for the study of the memoralization of terror attacks.

Eine der größten wirtschaftlichen wie auch gesellschaftlichen Innovationen im Bereich der Digitalisierung der vergangenen Jahre ist die Verwendung der Blockchain-Technologie im Zusammenhang mit der Verwaltung und dem Transfer von Vermögenswerten in Form von Token. Aurelia Philine Birne beschäftigt sich mit privatrechtlichen Grundlagenfragen in Bezug auf einen möglichen Regelungsrahmen dieses neuen technologischen Phänomens. Der Token als potentieller Rechtsgegenstand wird im Zuge dessen unter bestehende Rechtsinstitute des Zivilrechts subsumiert. Darüber hinaus enthält die Arbeit konkrete Regulierungsvorschläge, die als Vorlage für eine entsprechende Gesetzgebung herangezogen werden können. Einen jurisdiktionsübergreifenden Fokus bietet die Auseinandersetzung mit der möglichen Einführung von digitalem Zentralbankgeld für die breite Bevölkerung und den damit einhergehenden Vergleich mit anderen Rechtsordnungen.

Increasingly social activists, journalists and policy makers have expressed concern over the proliferation of conspiracy theories in the public space. There is a growing fear of their impact on social cohesion and democracy, their power to erode trust in state institutions and science. These concerns often come with an expectation that it is the responsibility of academics to engage with conspiracy beliefs by countering them. But should they? In this book, contributors show that like everything that relates to conspiracy theories, even the answer to this question is not straightforward and can vary across disciplines and schools, can be influenced by disciplinary ethical codes of conduct, research methodologies, and specific approaches to conspiracy theories. Foregrounding a variety of approaches, from across disciplines (psychology, anthropology, sociology and media studies), academic seniority (from young scholars to full professors), and countries (USA, Ireland, UK, The Netherlands, Sweden, and Greece), the chapters in this book are in deep conversation with each other, offering multiple alternative takes on the issue of what should academics do with conspiracy theories. Together, the book embodies several bold and compelling provocations to dealing differently with conspiracy theories. This timely volume introduces perspectives of scholars representing media studies, anthropology, psychology and sociology and discusses case studies concerning politics, health, environment and security. It will be a key resource for researchers, scholars and practitioners engaged in these fields and will also appeal to anyone interested in conspiracy theories and other related phenomena such as disinformation or fake news. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal for Cultural Research.

Seit 2007 wird im Projekt QuBe über die zukünftige Entwicklung des Arbeitsmarkts und deren Folgen geforscht. Die QuBe-Projektionen werden in einem regelmäßigen zweijährigen Rhythmus erneuert. Der Reader stellt die Annahmen, Daten und die Basis der Projektionen vor, die im Projekt QuBe genutzt werden. Projektionen über die Entwicklung des Arbeitsmarkts ergeben sich aus der Beobachtung von Vergangenen und dem, was gegenwärtig als richtungsweisend gilt. Die theoretischen und empirischen Grundlagen sind wichtig, um Projektionen als reine Rechenmodelle richtig zu verstehen und angemessen zu interpretieren. Die IAB-Bibliothek 375 ist die Fortschreibung der IAB-Bibliothek 374 ergänzt um die achte Basisprojektion "2024: Weniger Arbeitskraft, weniger Wachstum, bis 2024". Zudem wird die Weiterentwicklung des eingesetzten Modellinstrumentariums dargelegt. Die Entwicklung ist notwendig, um die Reaktionsfähigkeit auf aktuelle Krisenlagen zu erhöhen und dem Informationsbedarf politisch Handelnder gerecht zu werden. Zu den Neuerungen zählen auch die Erweiterung auf 72 Branchen sowie die Neumodellierung der Arbeitsnachfrage und der Erwerbsquoten. Federführend beteiligt sind das Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (BIBB) und das Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB) unter Mitwirkung der Gesellschaft für Wirtschaftliche Strukturforschung mbH (GWS).

The world of work is undergoing profound change. Technological development, demographic shifts, global mobility, and the growing demand for social justice are transforming the way careers are built and maintained. In this changing context, career development must go beyond traditional models and consider intersectionality, equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI). This book brings together interdisciplinary and international contributions that examine career development in different life stages and societal contexts. It explores both evolving trends and the influence of inclusive policies, organisational diversity and well-being. The volume presents career development as a dynamic, interdisciplinary field, offering insights into how structural conditions, individual aspirations, and EDI principles interact to shape meaningful and sustainable career paths in a rapidly changing world.

Die Datensammlung zur Situation der Volkshochschulen spiegelt den Status Quo im Corona-Jahr 2021. An der repräsentativen Langzeiterhebung zu Programmen, Organisation, Ressourcen und Leistungen haben über 98 Prozent der VHSen in Deutschland teilgenommen.Die Statistik informiert über aktuelle Zahlen zu Finanzierung, Personal und Programmbereichen sowie zu Teilnehmenden und institutioneller Entwicklung. Das Veranstaltungsangebot wird nach sieben Programmbereichen thematisch differenziert, die Kurse werden nach 85 Fachgebieten geordnet und anhand von Kursmerkmalen beschrieben. Damit werden Änderungen in der Programmgestaltung ebenso sichtbar wie Buchungspräferenzen der Teilnehmenden.Seit 1962 wertet das Deutsche Institut für Erwachsenenbildung in Kooperation mit dem Deutschen Volkshochschulverband (DVV) jährlich die Daten für diese hoch informative Statistik aus.

The Patriarch of Jerusalem, Dositheos II (1669-1707), had no classical education and was largely self-taught. Yet, he is known for his important work as an author and editor and for his many exchanges with people of different backgrounds. In his various activities, his “own language”, namely Greek, was certainly the one he used most often, but it was not the only one. Arabic, Ottoman Turkish, Romanian and Georgian were also part of his linguistic landscape. On the other hand, he possessed no knowledge of Latin or other Western languages. Based on Dositheos’ own account, taken from his History of the Patriarchs of Jerusalem (Bucharest 1715 [1722]), this study seeks not only to examine Dositheos’ multilingualism, but also to understand the authority he granted to the various languages, both learned and vernacular, with which he was confronted. More generally, the aim is to ask what paths a man like Dositheos might have taken to gain a place in the Republic of Letters.

The Khōjā of Tanzania: Discontinuities of a Postcolonial Religious Identity attempts to reconstruct the development of Khōjā religious identity from their arrival to the Swahili coast in the late 18th century until the turn of the 21st century. This multidisciplinary study incorporates Gujarati, Kacchī, Swahili, and Arabic sources to examine the formation of an Afro-Asian Islamic identity (jamatī) from their initial Indic caste identity (jñāti) towards an emergent Near Eastern imaged Islamic nation (ummatī) through four disciplinary approaches: historiography, politics, linguistics, and ethnology. Over the past two centuries, rapid transitions and discontinuities have produced the profound tensions which have resulted from the willful amnesia of their pre-Islamic Indic civilizational past for an ideological and politicized ‘Islamic’ present. This study aims to document, theorize, and engage this theological transformation of modern Khōjā religious identities as expressed through dimensions of power, language, space, and the body.

Design for the New World aims to introduce a new paradigm in design and design thinking, by shifting our approach from a human perspective that is primarily focused on human scales, needs, and desires, to a planet perspective, in which design is guided by the ambition to create a balanced coexistence between humans and the other species that make up the global ecosystem. The book intervenes in current discussions within design research about what role design can play in the sustainable transition, by offering new methods and mindset to handle the giant-scale complexity of the climate and environmental crisis, as well as specific tools to turn these theoretical reflections into a transformative practice. Essential reading for researchers, students, and practitioners in the fields of design, innovation, development, entrepreneurship, leadership, art, and creativity. The book is structured so that it can be easily used in an educational context, both at under- and postgraduate level and in courses of business, innovation, or management training. The practical suggestions and process-management tools can be used to facilitate sustainable transformations in in commercial businesses, organizations, and political networks. Written in an accessible and clear style, where all technical terms are fully introduced and unpacked. The chapters can be read in order or independently, and the practical tools for facilitating processes of change are supplemented with additional questions for reflection and further development.

Schulische Inklusion kann nur gelingen, wenn tragfähige Kooperationsstrukturen aufgebaut werden. Das Bielefelder Fortbildungskonzept zur Kooperation in inklusiven Schulen (BiFoKi) zeigt, wie die Bereiche teaminterne und multiprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit sowie Kooperation von Schule und Familie optimiert und miteinander in Verbindung gebracht werden können. Das Praxishandbuch bietet die Grundlagen für die eigenständige Durchführung von umfassenden Fortbildungen, die mit Hilfe umfangreicher Online-Materialien auch in einzelne Module geteilt werden können.

In Austria, as in many other countries, 2024 was a ‘super election year’. Across the globe, numerous elections demonstrated the profound influence of the media and communication technologies on our societies. Digital platforms have radically transformed the dissemination of information and socio-political discourse. Disinformation, as well as manipulated images, audio and videos, can be spread more easily and quickly than ever before. This gives rise to new forms of voter manipulation and jeopardises free and fair elections. The use of so-called ‘artificial intelligence’ (AI) in this area also remains unclear. The contributions in this volume examine technological developments and their impact on citizens’ voting decisions, and provide insights into the interplay between the media, power and opinion-making.

This book vividly describes day-to-day barrio life in Dallas. Achor’s portrayal of the residents challenges stereotypes of traditional Mexican American culture and southwestern barrio life.