Humanities & Social Sciences

This open access book about the Zadeh Project demonstrates and explores a core question in clinical ethics: how can ethics consultants be accountable in the face of a robust plurality of ethical standpoints, especially those that underwrite practices and methods for doing ethics consultation as well as those viewpoints and values encountered in daily clinical ethics practice? Underscoring this question is the recognition that the field of clinical ethics consultation has arrived at a crucial point in its maturation. Many efforts are underway to more formally “professionalize” the field, with most aimed toward stabilizing a specific set of institutional considerations. Stretched between these institutional and practical initiatives resides a crucial set of of ethical considerations, chief among them the meaning and scope of responsibility for clinical ethics consultants. Developed around a long-form case scenario, the Zadeh Project provides a multi-layered series of “peer-reviews”: critique of the actions of the case scenario’s ethics consultant; reflection on clinical ethics method; examination of the many ways that commitments to method and practice can, and do, intersect, overlap, and alter one another. The design and format of this book thus models a key element for clinical ethics practice: the need and ability to provide careful and thoughtful explanation of core moral considerations that emerge among diverse standpoints. Specifically designed for those studying to become and those who are ethics consultants, this book, with its innovative and multi-layered approach, allows readers to share a peer-review-like experience that shows accountability to be what it is, an ethical, not merely procedural or administrative, undertaking.

The here collected contributions relating to the 46th International Conference of the Representation Disciplines Teachers, organized jointly by Sapienza University of Rome, Roma Tre University, and San Raffaele Roma University, aim to offer the scientific community a reflection on the theoretical and methodological aspects related to the concept of èkphrasis, a term that, in the field of representation, concerns descriptive, analogical, and digital activities that generate new knowledge in several areas of application. The Conference aims to place at the center of the discussion an interpretation of the concept of research that, without neglecting an idea of study, protection, and enhancement of environmental and cultural heritage, focuses on the needs of contemporary society and its possible developments, making use of innovative theoretical, methodological, and operational activities, including those characterized by an interdisciplinary approach. According to this interpretation, research can also be seen as a foreshadowing of the definition and testing of experimental proposals aimed at exploring new areas of investigation: this opens up imaginative and utopian perspectives in the relationship between the sciences, the arts, and the disciplines that contribute to common goals, through the experimentation of methods, techniques, and languages for conceiving, prefiguring, designing, and representing.

Das Studienbuch „Literaturdidaktik“ entwirft eine literaturdidaktische Konzeption, die systematisch auf die Förderung des Verstehens literarischer Texte ausgerichtet ist. Zunächst wird die Zieldimension von Literaturunterricht erörtert (mit einer Orientierung an den Zielen Textverstehen, Lesemotivation und Wissen über Literatur). Ein eigenes Kapitel ist der Kompetenz des literarischen Textverstehens und dessen Teilkompetenzen gewidmet; im Mittelpunkt steht hier die Unterscheidung des Erkennens von Textelementen und der Deutung. Ergänzend wird die Frage nach der Lesesozialisation von Schülerinnen und Schülern und der Textauswahl für den Literaturunterricht behandelt. Auf dieser Grundlage werden Prinzipien für die Gestaltung von Unterricht dargestellt. Je eigene Kapitel behandeln die Phasierung des Unterrichts, zentrale Methoden für den Unterricht (Textanalyse, Unterrichtsgespräch und Handlungs- und Produktionsorientierung) sowie Fragen der Aufgabenkonstruktion (mit einem Fokus auf der Lenkung des Textverstehens). Ergänzt werden diese Kapitel durch ein Kapitel zum Schreiben im Literaturunterricht. Der dritte Schwerpunkt des Werks befasst sich mit den Gegenständen des Literaturunterrichts. Epische, lyrische und dramatische Texte sowie Medienproduktionen (mit einem Fokus auf den Spielfilm, narrative Computerspiele sowie Comics und Graphic Novels) werden in didaktischer Perspektive erörtert. Hinzu kommt ein eigenes Kapitel zur Literaturgeschichte. Abschließend werden die systematischen Überlegungen durch solche zur konkreten Planung von Unterricht ergänzt. Es werden die Stufen der Planung von Unterrichtseinheiten und Einzelstunden in übersichtlicher Weise vorgestellt; zudem veranschaulichen exemplarischen Planungen von Unterrichtseinheiten und Stunden das zuvor skizzierte Modell.

Nicht nur Verbände lobbyieren, sondern auch Regionen: Ausgehend von der Interessengruppen- und Lobbyingforschung wagt die Autorin eine Neubetrachtung des Föderalismus. Sie setzt beim föderalismustheoretisch herausragenden Mitwirkungspfeiler an („shared rule“), demzufolge sich Gliedstaaten in der Bundespolitik aktiv einbringen müssen. Gestützt auf eine neue, umfassende Datenbasis beleuchtet die Studie sodann, wie sich die 26 Schweizer Kantone gegenüber dem Bund Gehör verschaffen. Althergebrachte Föderalismusinstitutionen wie die Zweite Kammer finden ebenso Beachtung wie neu erprobte, professionalisierte Taktiken des intergouvernementalen Lobbyings. Auch konkrete Pfade zum Erfolg subnationaler Interessenvertretung werden aufgezeigt.

This volume concerns the role of the Italian schools, the associations and their actors to counteract educational dispersion and encourage the inclusion of minors with a migratory background. The work is part of a collaboration project between Inapp (National Institute for Public Policy Analysis) and Aiig (Italian Association of Geography Teachers) aimed to map the “Analysis, training and territorial activities for preventing/countering the risks of educational dispersion of young people with a migratory background” (June 2022 - March 2023). This collaboration stems from a program agreement between Inapp and Ministry of Labor and Social Policies - General Directorate of Immigration, on “Citizen Integration Policies of Third Countries”. The first part, focused on theoretical aspects, develops the idea of a school as welcoming community, in which disciplines such as geography and tools such as digital teaching can be significant resources to draw on. Related to this, a specific focus on the socio-cultural development in the border and internal areas is underlined. The second part collects the empirical evidences emerging from some territorial laboratories and training courses organized by Inapp and Aiig in various Italian regions. These evidences represent the main results of a qualitative survey on risks of educational dropout of young people with a migratory background. A wealth of proposals together with successful and critical factors is unraveled. In the last section of the volume, these various and original practices are reported by teachers, school managers, and operators, representatives of voluntary organisations, associations and third sector. The idea was to carry out the research not on the actors of inclusion, but with them, giving voice to their experiences. It was a sort of an ideal journey from the north of Italy, where the presence of students with a migratory background is higher, to the south, considered the land of their arrival and transit.

This open access book examines the lived experiences of diasporic Korean youth in light of the transnational flows of South Korean popular culture, known as the Korean Wave, or Hallyu. Drawing on an ethnographic study of Korean Canadian youth and their engagement with the Korean Wave, the book proposes a critical understanding of the interactions between diasporic youth audiences and popular culture. By examining the Korean Wave as diasporic cultural practices rather than the diffusion of national cultural products, the book reveals the diversified ways in which cultural flows are negotiated by audiences who take up relatively ambivalent reception positions between two or more national and cultural contexts. This book expands the scope of transnational audience studies and youth cultural studies by focusing attention on the diasporic media practices of young people.

In Animal Rationality: Later Medieval Theories 1250-1350, Anselm Oelze offers the first comprehensive and systematic exploration of theories of animal rationality in the later Middle Ages. Readership: Everyone interested in medieval philosophy and psychology in general, as well as the history of the concept of animal rationality and of the animal/human boundary in particular.

The Siena conference of April 19, 2024, addressed the topic of protecting rights in the digital reproduction of images of public cultural heritage. Italian regulations regarding authorization and fees for reproductions for profit intersect with European directives on copyright and open data. The article examines the practical challenges and interpretative difficulties of these regulations, suggesting the need for legislative intervention to harmonize them and promote greater accessibility to cultural heritage.

This open access book offers a timely and comprehensive review of the field of neurotronics. Gathering cutting-edge contributions from neuroscientists, biologists, psychologists, as well as physicists, microelectronics engineers and information scientists, it gives extensive information on fundamental information pathways in selected nervous systems. It also highlights their relevance as building blocks for novel computing architectures, such as bio-inspired electronic devices, neuromorphic architectures, memristive devices, adaptive sensors and emergent, pulsed-coupled oscillatory networks. All in all, this book offers a unique bridge between fundamental research in neuroscience, neural information processing, nonlinear dynamics, and self-organization, and advanced practical applications concerning the fabrication of hardware-oriented computing.

A two-stage decision support system (DSS) was developed for the selection of maintenance procedures for single-chamber locks while they are in operation. The Choosing by Advantages Decision Making System (CBA) tabular method was selected to form the basis of the DSS. A generalized decision-making process, a tool, and a seminar were developed for verification and validation.

"Stranger Citizens examines how foreign migrants who resided in the United States gave shape to citizenship in the decades after American independence in 1783. During this formative time, lawmakers attempted to shape citizenship and the place of immigrants in the new nation, while granting the national government new powers such as deportation. John McNelis O'Keefe argues that despite the challenges of public and official hostility that they faced in the late 1700s and early 1800s, migrant groups worked through lobbying, engagement with government officials, and public protest to create forms of citizenship that worked for them. This push was made not only by white men immigrating from Europe; immigrants of color were able to secure footholds of rights and citizenship, while migrant women asserted legal independence, challenging traditional notions of women's subordination. Stranger Citizens emphasizes the making of citizenship from the perspectives of migrants themselves, and demonstrates the rich varieties and understandings of citizenship and personhood exercised by foreign migrants and refugees. O'Keefe boldly reverses the top-down model wherein citizenship was constructed only by political leaders and the courts. Thanks to generous funding from the Sustainable History Monograph Pilot and the Mellon Foundation the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access (OA) volumes from Cornell Open (cornellopen.org) and other Open Access repositories."

Vulnerability, Film, Ontological, Passivity, Victimhood

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Hailed by many as a game-changer in political communication, Twitter has made its way into election campaigns all around the world. The European Parliamentary elections, taking place simultaneously in 28 countries, give us a unique comparative vision of the way the tool is used by candidates in different national contexts. This volume is the fruit of a research project bringing together scholars from 6 countries, specialised in communication science, media studies, linguistics and computer science. It seeks to characterise the way Twitter was used during the 2014 European election campaign, providing insights into communication styles and strategies observed in different languages and outlining methodological solutions for collecting and analysing political tweets in an electoral context.

The discourse of constitutionalism emerged out of the entanglement of three strands: legal theory, political philosophy, and historical narratives. Its structure revolves around the tension between the counter-concepts (Gegenbegriffe) of arbitrariness (to be denounced) and constitution (to be legitimized). This book presents a threefold genealogical analysis to access the logic of Argentine constitutionalism. First, a conceptual history (Begriffsgeschichte) exposes the distance between recent narratives of the development of Argentine constitutionalism as constructed by political historians, on the one hand, and constitutional scientists, on the other. The second genealogy explores the theoretical rupture between modern law and the traditional knowledge of ius commune in the shift from arbitrium iuris to “legicentric” logic – that is, the preeminence of written law enacted by the state. The narrowing of the concept of arbitrium to arbitrariness was central to the formation of constitutional law’s conception of the political order. Finally, this rupture went hand-in-hand with the establishment of new political imaginaries, including autocratic caudillos, suggestible masas, anarchic tendencies of a people, etc. During the 19th century, these fueled the sense among the elites that a new order was needed; but they also still remain part of current narratives. Revealing these emotional imaginaries that guided, and continue to guide, constitutional practice enables a dialogue between the history of law as written by historians and as written by constitutionalists, with the purpose of understanding the recurrent crises that still afflict Argentine constitutionalism in the 21st century.