Humanities & Social Sciences

EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. Technology is quickly becoming an integral part of care systems across the world and is frequently cited in policy discourse as pivotal for solving the ‘crisis’ in care and delivering positive outcomes. Exploring the role of technology in Europe, Canada, Australia and Japan, this book examines how technology contributes effectively to the sustainability of these different care systems, which are facing similar emergent pressures, including increased longevity, falling fertility and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. It considers the challenges and opportunities of embedding technologies in care systems and the subsequent outcomes for older and disabled service users, carers and the care workforce.

For centuries, the remains of the great Roman-British bathing and temple complex in the center of Bath have attracted the interest and imagination of countless visitors to the city. But there is more to the archaeology of Bath than its Roman monuments. Human settlement here has spanned ten millennia, dating back to the final retreat of the ice sheets from Britain at the close of the last Ice Age. Antiquarians, archaeologists and scholars have long been drawn not only to the Roman structures, but to the worked flint scattered on the hills and in the river silts around the town, the earthworks surviving on the surrounding uplands, and the great medieval Abbey that dominated the town from the 11th century. As a result, hundreds of recorded observations have been accumulated, stretching back to the 17th century, but augmented over the last century by increasing numbers of excavations, in many cases combined with meticulous research. This volume provides a collection and rigorous assessment of this accumulated information, much of which has to date been either unpublished or available only in obscure sources, and offers a synthesis of what this information tells us of Bath’s past.Part 1 comprises an overview of the area’s natural topography, a summary of antiquarian and early archaeological investigation, and a survey of the archaeological evidence available to us today. Part 2 collates the detailed archaeological evidence, summarizing earlier work, assessing the nature of the evidence, and setting out our informed understanding of Bath’s past. Lastly, Part 3 offers an overview of the current understanding of the archaeology of Bath, an assessment of the potential of the surviving deposits for providing new data, and suggestions for future research directions.

This is a business history of soy that reveals how Japanese imperial and military institutions and financial-mercantile-industrial interests created a role for soy as a versatile raw material and global commodity beginning in the 19th century, even before the Western world recognized this “oilseed.” Originating in the rich food cultures of Asia, soy is praised as the “magic bean.” About 360 million tons are produced in the world today, and it is traded globally to become food, feed, and fuel. It is the second largest source of vegetable oil in the world, and soy meal is an essential feed without which the modern livestock industries could not exist. Its dominance today is often accounted for in terms of its versatile nature. This book, however, argues that soy was transformed into a versatile industrial raw material and global commodity through the political-economic strategies of state and business actors engaged in the development of the capitalist world-economy. By studying little-known Japanese historical documents and corporate records, and focusing on the less-researched vegetable oil and industrial uses of soy, this book provides a better understanding of how this traditional Asian food was transformed into a global commodity embedded in contradictions. Promoted as a healthy and sustainable food source, soy is also a destructive cash crop whose cultivation and use have played a significant role in the current climate crisis. Based on this case of soy, the book provides a structural understanding of broader food and agriculture systems in the history of capitalism, making it of interest to students at an advanced level, academics, and researchers in the fields of business history, corporate governance, Japanese business, as well as the political economy of food and agriculture.

The EIB Climate Change Risk Country Scoring Model provides a way to comprehensively assess the climate change risks faced by more than 180 countries. The two sets of scores for physical and transition risks aggregate exposures to various risk factors, taking into account the adaptation and mitigation capacity of each country. The scores confirm that climate risk is a relevant challenge for all countries. However, low-income economies are more vulnerable to physical risk — in particular to acute events, rising sea levels and excessive heat — and in parallel have lower ability to mitigate the challenges posed by the energy transition. High-income economies generally face higher risks from the transition to a low-carbon future. Countries more dependent on fossil fuel revenues are also among the most exposed to transition risk. This paper provides insights into the model as it is currently being developed. Understanding the relative climate risks faced by countries support the management of climate risks at the country level, as well as helping to understand the environmental and policy conditions faced by firms in each country. It can also help to identify mitigation and adaptation priorities and related financing needs. Taken together, a better understanding of the risks and the consequent adaptation and mitigation needs will help to ensure that opportunities to enhance climate resilience are not missed.

Research on the evolution of the surface roughness of coarse sand particles that were dumped in January 2020 at Los Locos beach in Torrevieja (Alicante, Spain) is conducted. This sample came from a quarry and presented a high angularity and roughness on the surface of its particles. After a year and a half of dumping the quarry material on the beach, a high degree of decrease in the roughness of the particles is observed; however, to reach the degree of polishing that the particles of a natural beach have, a longer period is necessary.

Transitions from socialism to capitalism are complex, both in theory and practice. Russian Economic Reform enables the reader to come to a much better understanding of these momentous changes, by providing a clear and accessible account of the major features of transition. It argues that attempts to portray the reform process is a disaster are misconceived, because they fail to take account of just how badly the pre-reform economy was doing. Many of the problems that are emerging now have their antecedents in the earlier economic system.

Wie sollen pädagogische Fachkräfte in Kitas mitdem Thema Geschlecht umgehen? Vor der Folie von frühpädagogischen Geschlechterdebatten bietet diese Studie einen empirischen Einblick in Geschlechterkonstruktionen von Kindern, Fachkräften und Eltern im Alltag einer Kindertageseinrichtung. Des Weiteren werden theoretische und empirische Leerstellen einer frühpädagogischen Debatte um Geschlecht aufgezeigt, die entstehen, wenn diese lediglich vor der Folie von Geschlechtergerechtigkeit mit dem Ziel der Verbesserung von Chancengleichheit geführt wird.

The 1832 Reform Act was a landmark moment in the development of modern British politics. By overhauling the country’s ancient representative system, the legislation reshaped constitutional arrangements at Westminster, reinvigorated political relationships between the centre and the provinces, and established the political structures and precedents that both shaped and hindered electoral reform over the following century. Mapping the State leads to a fundamental rethinking of the 1832 Reform Act by demonstrating how boundary reform, and the reconstruction of England’s electoral map by the little-known 1831–2 boundary commission, underpinned this turning point in the development of the British political nation. Eschewing traditional approaches to the 1832 Reform Act, it draws from a significant new archival discovery – the working papers of the boundary commission – and a range of innovative quantitative techniques to provide a major reassessment of why and how the 1832 Reform Act passed, its impact on reformed politics both at Westminster and in the constituencies, and its significance to the expansion of the modern British state.

Die vorliegende Untersuchung befaßt sich mit dem Phänomen der phonischen, interlingualen Interferenz im Bereich der kompositen Zweisprachigkeit. Im Gegensatz zur koordinierten Zweisprachigkeit wird hier eine zweite, fremde Sprache auf der Basis einer ersten gelernt, die man Mutter- , Erst- oder Ausgangssprache nennt. Nicht zuletzt aufgrund struktureller Kontraste zwischen Erst- und Zweitsprache kommt es zu bestimmten Fehlleistungen bei Sprechern einer gegebenen Muttersprache im Erwerb bzw. in ihren Äußerungen in der zweiten Sprache. Für diese Arbeit ist das Polnische die Ausgangssprache, das Deutsch die Zweit- oder Zielsprache.

Weltliteratur ist übersetzte Literatur. Welche Rolle spielen Übersetzerinnen und Übersetzer im Wissenstransfer? Fahnenkorrekturen, Zettelkästen und Korrespondenzen von Übersetzerinnen und Übersetzern sind in einer global vernetzten Welt wichtige Quellen zur Analyse des Wissenstransfers. Umso erstaunlicher ist es, dass diese Materialien nahezu unerforscht sind oder gar verlorengehen, weil sie nur als Übergangs- oder Sekundärphänomene einer verfertigen Wissensproduktion gelten. Die Beiträgerinnen und Beiträger richten den Fokus auf diese Zeugnisse und untersuchen ihr epistemologisches Potenzial für die Geistes-, Sozial- und Literaturwissenschaft, aber auch für die Übersetzungstheorie und -praxis. Mit Blick auf die weltweite Wissenszirkulation, institutionelle Veränderungen sowie die wachsende Bedeutung der Digital Humanities werden aus interdisziplinärer Sicht die Potenziale und Perspektiven der Übersetzungen im Archiv ausgelotet.

This open access book documents the critical thinking and political actions that generated one of the world’s most progressive national constitutions, presented to the Chilean public in 2022. Although that text was ultimately rejected in a national referendum, it drew on decades of diverse environmental, political, Indigenous, and community organizing and contained concepts and goals at the forefront of global efforts to create more just and equitable political systems, healthier living environments, and more resilient ecosystems. Drawing on research by faculty and students from the USA and Chile, chapters within this book address political memory, Indigenous representation, public participation, the Rights of Nature, environmental law, mining conflicts, natural commons, knowledge systems, and rural education. This book highlights important contributions from Chile’s 2022 reform efforts for diverse global responses to the erosion of democracy, environmental degradation, and climate change.

In water polo, two teams comprised of six outfield players and a goalkeeper compete for four quarters of 8 minutes’ real play in a playing area of 30x20m. Each team has 30 seconds to complete an action. A frequent situation thought to be very significant to the final result of a match is the extra-man play action. After a major foul a player is sent out of play for 20 seconds. The attacking team, with a series of passes and player movements must quickly try to disrupt the defence and enable a shot. And defence has to work on coordination of movement between players so that the attack finds it difficult to score too easily. Coaches dedicate a lot of time to training their team to attack and defend in an extra-man situation. This paper investigates the issue of extra-man play actions in detail. A study is performed into data from the 2020 European men’s water polo championships, whose aim is to identify whether man-up play actions have any elements that lead to a good shot, meaning a ball in the goal even if it is saved. Several characteristics were recorded on each extra-man play action, but only few of them seem to influence its outcome. This may be explained by the fact that the outcome of a play action is not only linked to the execution of a strategy, but it is influenced by factors which may not all be measured.

This is the most complete handbook on the quantum theory of angular momentum. Containing basic definitions and theorems as well as relations, tables of formula and numerical tables which are essential for applications to many physical problems, the book is useful for specialists in nuclear and particle physics, atomic and molecular spectroscopy, plasma physics, collision and reaction theory, quantum chemistry, etc. The authors take pains to write many formulae in different coordinate systems thus providing users with added ease in consulting this book. Each chapter opens with a comprehensive list of its contents to ease the search for any information needed later. New results relating to different aspects of the angular momentum thoery are also included. Containing close to 500 pages this book also gathers together many useful formulae besides those related to angular momentum. The book also compares different notations used by previous authors.

In this study, Ng examines the aftermath of the massive protests in 2019 and the implementation of the National Security Law in Hong Kong. Despite 2 years of fluctuating COVID measures and social constraints, the city witnessed an unparalleled cultural resurgence after the enactment of the National Security Law in 2020. This book explores Hong Kong beyond the end of the Anti-Extradition Bill Movement in 2019, to examine what happened afterward, how society repaired itself, how the people of the city resumed their everyday life, and what this everyday life entails. Ng examines the social debates and conversations during these 2 years, analyzing a wide range of creative projects in the city, from television shows, popular music, and social media to literary writings. She describes the difficulties, emotional experiences, and also daily strategies to repair local life, recreate a self-identity, and reclaim the city’s narrative against the pressures from China. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, scholars, students, and general readers interested in popular culture and society, and the global uprisings of the first decades of the twenty-first century. The study, supported by detailed research, also makes this essential reading for those with a specialized interest in global studies, and China and Hong Kong studies.

This paper attempts to introduce the trans-Ottoman mobility dynamics by explaining entanglements between and across religions and denominations in Poland-Lithuania. It does so within a larger European setting of a Republic of Letters that reaches out to the Ottoman Empire, i.e. the Near East. Focusing on affinities between Christian, Protestant antitrinitarian texts and Muslim positions and arguments, this study deals, among other things, with primary source texts by Muslim Tatars who embraced the Protestant antitrinitarian terminology and combined it at the same time with their own Muslim faith. These and other texts serve as an example of the integration of Poland-Lithuania and of the Ottoman Empire into cross-continental contexts of inter-religious competition that enhanced knowledge flows beyond denominational boundaries.