Humanities & Social Sciences

Beim Philosophieren über 'Mittel' werden diese oftmals technologisch verkürzt als bloße Instrumente der Zweckrealisierung erachtet. Dabei wird übersehen, dass 'Mittel' bzw. das 'System der Mittel' (als 'Medialität') konstitutiv für unser theoretisches und praktisches Weltverhältnis ist. Hegel hat die umfassendste Reflexion dieses Problems vorgelegt: in der Phänomenologie des Geistes mit Blick auf die Entstehung eines Selbstbewusstseins im Zuge der Arbeit des 'Knechts' als Mittel; in der Wissenschaft der Logik mit Blick auf den Doppelcharakter des Mittels, Instrument und zugleich Potenzial zu sein und somit der Vernunft die 'List' zu eröffnen, sich von der äußeren Welt zu distanzieren und sich als Macht zu erhalten; in der Rechtsphilosophie mit Blick auf die Entstehung der Sittlichkeit als Koordination der Mittel im System. Dabei wird deutlich, dass das Selbstbegreifen der Vernunft nur durch die Reflexion auf das Praktische möglich ist. Diese Fragen werden in den Argumentationslinien von Marx, Husserl und Cassirer weiter verfolgt.

"This edited volume advances our understanding of climate relocation (or planned retreat), an emerging topic in the fields of climate adaptation and hazard risk, and provides a platform for alternative voices and views on the subject. As the effects of climate change become more severe and widespread, there is a growing conversation about when, where and how people will move. Climate relocation is a controversial adaptation strategy, yet the process can also offer opportunity and hope. This collection grapples with the environmental and social justice dimensions from multiple perspectives, with cases drawn from Africa, Asia, Australia, Oceania, South America, and North America. The contributions throughout present unique perspectives, including community organizations, adaptation practitioners, geographers, lawyers, and landscape architects, reflecting on the potential harms and opportunities of climate-induced relocation. Works of art, photos, and quotes from flood survivors are also included, placed between sections to remind the reader of the human element in the adaptation debate. Blending art – photography, poetry, sculpture – with practical reflections and scholarly analyses, this volume provides new insights on a debate that touches us all: how we will live in the future and where? Challenging readers’ pre-conceptions about planned retreat by juxtaposing different disciplines, lenses and media, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars of climate change, environmental migration and displacement, and environmental justice and equity."

How should Muslim inheritance rules respond to the realities of modern life? This book explores that question through a concise examination of Islamic inheritance jurisprudence (fiqh al-maw¯ar¯ i th). While traditional inheritance rules have guided Muslim societies for centuries, today’s changing social structures and contemporary legal thought have created new challenges. Bringing together rigorous scholarship with an accessible approach, the book examines the core principles behind Sunni and Shi?i inheritance jurisprudence, highlighting both their shared foundations and important differences. It explores key issues surrounding the distribution of estates among heirs – such as women’s inheritance rights, the position of children and grandchildren, the question of gender, and differences of religion – and sets them within the context of today’s nuclear family. Drawing on evidence from the major schools of Islamic jurisprudence, as well as on current thinking, the author analyses how inheritance rules have been interpreted and applied over time. He also considers why reform may be necessary today and how thoughtful legal development could help better reflect the needs and realities of contemporary Muslim communities. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access is funded by The Institute of Ismaili Studies.

The proverbial benefits of prevention over cure are self-evident—and yet we are reluctant to invest in protecting or improving health. Resolution of this age-old dilemma begins with a timeless truth: the benefits of good health come at a cost; prevention is not better than cure at any price. Investment in health protection is more appealing when a high-risk, high-value hazard can be averted certainly, rapidly, and at a relatively low cost. Application of this idea helps to explain why prevention is neglected by health services, why the world was not ready for the COVID-19 pandemic, why the world’s most deadly infections are neglected, why cigarette smoking is still commonplace, why the idea of a ‘sin tax’ is misconceived, why billions still do not have access to safe sanitation, and why the response to climate change has been so slow. Although more money and effort are invested in health promotion and disease prevention today than is commonly thought, the enormous avoidable burden of ill-health is a reason to seek ways of investing still more. The search should begin, not with the usual expert prescriptions of how health choices ought to be made, but with investigations of how choices are made in practice. That depends on understanding, not only costs, hazards, and risks, but also the values, motives, and powers of all those who collectively make decisions about health.

First published by the author in 1895, The German Pietists of Provincial Pennsylvania narrates the history of the early Germans of various sects and congregations who settled in Pennsylvania starting at the end of the seventeenth century, with a particular focus on a group of German Pietist mystics who emigrated to America in 1694 to pursue the freedom to practice their religion. The book details Pietism’s origins in Europe, Pietists’ beliefs and practices, and the Pietists’ relationships with other religious groups, like the Quakers, Lutherans, and Jansenites. The book is a product of meticulous archival work and research, and it includes numerous references to and facsimile pages from rare source material. Sachse also provides a comprehensive look at the activities of well-known figures including Johannes Kelpius, Daniel Falkner, Johann Jacob Zimmerman, and Benjamin Furly.

Live AV in Australia by Grayson Cooke documents the diverse emerging national community of practice involved in live audiovisual performance. In a series of video interviews with practitioners around the country a picture emerges of a vibrant performance scene that draws on the aesthetic traditions of music, cinema and new media art.

Gibt es eine Macht ohne Gewalt? Sind Ideologien eine Form des Wissens? Und wie werden unterworfene Individuen zu mündigen Subjekten? Paul Erxleben sucht Antworten, indem er Theodor W. Adorno mit Michel Foucault ins Gespräch bringt. Kritische Gesellschaftstheorie, so zeigt seine Analyse, aktualisiert sich in der Reflexion auf den Zeitkern zentraler Begriffe. Durch deren Redefinition greifen beide öffentliche Intellektuelle in ihr jeweiliges Theorie-Praxis-Gefüge ein. Vor diesem Hintergrund finden Begriffe von Adorno und Foucault in drei Kraftfeldern zu einer Konstellation zusammen. Aus dem Vergleich erwachsen Thesen über Ohnmacht, positionale Ideologiekritik und mündige Subjektivierungsweisen.

Die Vorstellung vieler Schülerinnen und Schüler von elektrischen Stromkreisen ist maßgeblich vom Stromkonzept geprägt, während die Spannung oft lediglich als Eigenschaft des elektrischen Stroms wahrgenommen wird. In der Folge verfügen viele Lernende nach der Sekundarstufe I oftmals über kein angemessenes konzeptionelles Verständnis von einfachen Stromkreisen. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Design-Based-Research-Arbeit ist deshalb die theoriegeleitete Entwicklung und empirische Evaluation eines Unterrichtskonzepts zu einfachen Stromkreisen auf Grundlage eines didaktisch elementarisierten Elektronengasmodells für die Sekundarstufe I. Ein wesentliches Ziel besteht darin, den Lernenden ein qualitatives, konzeptionelles Verständnis der Grundbegriffe Spannung, Stromstärke und Widerstand sowie ihrer wechselseitigen Beziehung in einfachen Stromkreisen zu vermitteln. Hierzu wird das elektrische Potenzial mit dem Luftdruck bzw. dem sog. "elektrischen Druck" in einem Leiter verglichen und die elektrische Spannung dementsprechend als "elektrischer Druckunterschied" noch vor dem elektrischen Strom eingeführt. Im Rahmen der empirischen Evaluation mit 790 Schülerinnen und Schülern zeigte sich, dass das neue Unterrichtskonzept verglichen mit dem traditionellen Physikunterricht zu einem deutlich besseren konzeptionellen Verständnis elektrischer Stromkreise führt, was sich u.a. in einem signifikant höheren Lernzuwachs widerspiegelt. Darüber hinaus geben die unterrichtenden Lehrkräfte an, das Konzept als wesentliche Verbesserung ihres Unterrichts wahrgenommen zu haben.

The state of the art in the optical characterization of materials is advancing rapidly. New insights have been gained into the theoretical foundations of this research and exciting developments have been made in practice, driven by new applications and innovative sensor technologies that are constantly evolving.The great success of past conferences proves the necessity of a platform for presentation, discussion and evaluation of the latest research results in this interdisciplinary field.

Going beyond current books on privacy and security, Unauthorized Access: The Crisis in Online Privacy and Security proposes specific solutions to public policy issues pertaining to online privacy and security. Requiring no technical or legal expertise, the book explains complicated concepts in clear, straightforward language. The authors two renowned experts on computer security and law explore the well-established connection between social norms, privacy, security, and technological structure. This approach is the key to understanding information security and informational privacy, providing a practical framework to address ethical and legal issues. The authors also discuss how rapid technological developments have created novel situations that lack relevant norms and present ways to develop these norms for protecting informational privacy and ensuring sufficient information security. Bridging the gap among computer scientists, economists, lawyers, and public policy makers, this book provides technically and legally sound public policy guidance about online privacy and security. It emphasizes the need to make trade-offs among the complex concerns that arise in the context of online privacy and security.

"The text explores the phenomenon of violence, retracing the sociological theory from the classical paradigms to the frontier of interpretative readings outlined in the digital society age. The aim is to arrive at an interpretation on violence and the possible connections that go from traditional society, in the historiographic sense of action, to the challenges proposed by contemporary society. What is the form that violence takes today? Which are the indicators that allow you to recognize it? Following these reflections, this book raises the question about the social nature of violence in the many forms in which it manifests itself. The analysis that is proposed is therefore that of seeking the widespread dimensions within which the contemporary individual acts, as well as identifying the indicators that, through functional categories, can prevent and combat violence."

From Exception to Promotion: Re-Thinking the Relationship between International Trade and Environmental Law tells a new, unconventional story of the relationship between international trade and environmental law, where the keyword is synergy rather than conflict, and where sustainable development and environmental protection are portrayed as part of the very nature and purpose of the trade regime.; Readership: Academics and students interested in international trade and environmental law, as well as in the interface between different areas of international law.

The services for people with addiction and mental health problems and have received increasing attention, both in the public debate, among users and professionals and not least from political authorities. There is political agreement on the importance of prioritizing the field, when at the same time there is disagreement on whether the services will actually be better by present-day reforms. In National Policies and Local Challenges, the authors explore the organization of services for people with addiction and mental health illness, from initiatives to improve the services at the level of national government to implementing changes in local service provision by municipalities. We discuss one of the most challenging questions in the modern welfare state: How should services be organized so that both users and service providers experience them as coordinated and integrated? The authors address these issues by referring to key features of national policy and change processes that can be observed in a selection of municipalities. The book also refers to analyses of experiences with various measures and services related to work, housing and prison care and correctional services. The anthology is based on a research project that studies the coordination and integration of services for people with complex addiction and mental disorders. The book is based on political science and organizational theoretical perspectives, and aims to provide insight into the usefulness of such perspectives in the analysis of welfare state's challenges when complex needs are addressed. The target group for the book is researchers, students and employees in local government – as well as practitioners who work with users with complex and complex needs. The book is edited by Catharina Bjørkquist, professor at Østfold University College, and Helge Ramsdal, professor emeritus at Østfold University College.

Este volumen recoge una selección de estudios que exploran cómo la gramática emerge del uso lingüístico en la interacción comunicativa. Desde enfoques como la Gramática de Construcciones, la Gramática Cognitiva o la Gramática del Discurso, los trabajos aquí reunidos analizan elementos del catalán y del español, en diacronía y en sincronía, que tradicionalmente habían estado marginados en el estudio gramatical, como los interactivos, u ofrecen una mirada nueva a temas de estudio clásicos. Para ello, se fundamentan en el análisis de la lengua en uso mediante datos de corpus e integran la multimodalidad en el estudio. De este modo, se observa cómo la lengua se adapta al contexto y a las necesidades comunicativas de los hablantes, y cómo esta adaptación genera cambios gramaticales a lo largo del tiempo. La obra ofrece así una visión renovadora del estudio gramatical, donde el discurso y la interacción se sitúan en el centro del análisis lingüístico, tanto sincrónico como diacrónico.

Die Miniaturisierung von Produkten bei gleichzeitiger Integration mehrerer Funktionen ist ein aktueller globaler Trend, um Gewicht, Platz, Material und Kosten zu sparen. Jedes Jahr werden Milliarden metallische Mikrobauteile produziert, und die Tendenz steigt. Umformtechnische Verfahren bieten bei der Massenproduktion technologische, wirtschaftliche und ökologische Vorteile gegenüber anderen Fertigungsverfahren. Bei der Verkleinerung in den Mikrobereich treten jedoch Größeneffekte auf, welche die Formgebung, die Prozessstabilität, die Handhabung und die Werkzeugbeanspruchung negativ beeinträchtigen können. Das mehrstufige Kaltfließpressen aus der Blechebene kann die Auswirkungen der Größeneffekte mindern, aber der komplexe Materialfluss bringt auch Herausforderungen mit sich. Daher war es das Ziel dieser Arbeit, ein grundlegendes Verständnis für den Prozess zu schaffen, um Ingenieuren bei der Optimierung zu helfen und den Übergang zu industriellen Anwendungen zu unterstützen. Im Rahmen der Untersuchungen dieser Arbeit konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass durch die mehrstufige Umformung wesentlich filigranere Pin-Strukturen aus der Blechebene hergestellt werden können. Zudem wurde aufgezeigt, dass durch die Auswahl geeigneter prozess-, werkstück-, und werkzeugseitiger Einflussparameter die Materialausnutzung erheblich gesteigert werden kann. Die gemachten Handlungsempfehlungen zur Prozessoptimierung und dargelegten Anwendungsmöglichkeiten sollen dazu beitragen, das Verfahren in der industriellen Produktion effizienter und nachhaltiger zu gestalten.