Humanities & Social Sciences

This new open access handbook combines conceptual thinking with empirical illustrations to understand the trajectories of conflict and violence in our world. Peace and Conflict Studies were broadly founded in the Northern Hemisphere, which strongly influenced how scholars understand patterns of peace or violence in Africa, Latin America and South-East Asia. This has proven to provide practitioners not only with false promises about external intervention, but even strengthened asymmetric colonial power structures in the way knowledge was and is produced. There is a need to make the discipline more plural by initiating and shaping a new research agenda that is more strongly rooted in the ground realities, contexts, imaginations – political, economic, and social – of the Global South(s). This handbook is the first of its kind with a comprehensive and inclusive agenda for the field of peace and conflict studies: It engages in a thorough academic discussion not only about the Global South(s) but includes perspectives from the Global South(s). It reflects productive discussions with scholars from the Global South(s) that constitute the majority of authors in this handbook. In addition, while the handbook is a scholarly knowledge product, it is also an ongoing process for scholars, students and practitioners from both South(s) and North(s) with diverse backgrounds and positionalities. This handbook is essential reference for students and researchers working on global peace and conflict studies, postcolonial studies, and international relations. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by Leipzig University & Postcolonial Hierarchies in Peace and Conflict Studies Network.

In Modes of Philology in Medieval South India, Whitney Cox rethinks the textual practices of a diverse collection of scholars and poets writing in Sanskrit, Tamil, and Prakrit in far southern India between the 11th and the 14th centuries CE. Readership: Scholars and post-graduate students in any of the following fields: medieval Indian history; Sanskrit and Tamil studies; the history Indian religions, especially the Tantric traditions; historians of philology.

A partnership between the Iberostar Foundation and the University of the Balearic Islands through the Chair of the Sea, Coastal Health Monitoring Scheme has a dual purpose: training students in marine biodiversity monitoring and collecting critical coastal ecosystem data. Launched in 2021 on Ibiza with 12 stations, it now boasts 50 stations: 20 in Mallorca, 15 in Menorca, 10 in Ibiza, and 5 in Formentera. Undergraduate Biology students from the University of the Balearic Islands conduct this project. Each station undergoes comprehensive surveys in spring and summer, including three 60 m2 transects to quantify species density, focusing on sea urchins, sponges, sea cucumbers, and anemones. Population structure analysis is performed by measuring diameters of sea urchins and anemones. Variable-length transects assess benthic species like sea snails and limpets, while others study crab species diversity and Blennoidea fish abundance. Data collected forms a comprehensive biodiversity inventory, enhanced by submerged sand samples to measure organic content and granulometric composition. The CHMS's success is supported by the Iberostar Fdn., Baleària Fdn., local councils, and Island Councils, aiding in transportation, accommodation, and mobility. This collaborative approach enriches marine biology education and contributes valuable insights into coastal ecosystems.

If Hardin’s (1968) widely cited case of a pasture accessible to everyone were the standard for public natural resources, those resources would have the tendency to be depleted, degraded, destroyed or overexploited. Hardin explains that each herdsman found it more profitable to graze more animals than the pasture could support, since each took all the profit from an extra animal but bore only a fraction of the cost of overgrazing. Yet, what Hardin calls a “Tragedy of the Commons” is rather a “Tragedy of Open Access” (Feeny et al., 1990), since Hardin confuses the characteristics of a resource, such as low excludability and high rivalry in consumption, with its property rights regime which can take diverse forms. Hardin describes an open access system, meaning no rules and no property rights regime in place, that leads to overuse and degradation, instead of a resource that is held in common. Later, Hardin (1994) refers to the same case as an “unmanaged commons”. With his pasture example, he aimed to contradict the laissez-faire attitude shared by economists in the late 1800s, which was that if each man pursued his own interest then the interests of all would be best served in the long run. To motivate this chapter, I will recall four possible methods of natural resource management that can resolve this tragedy. I will also highlight the fourth, often overlooked approach, i.e. the public manager option. In fact, there is a continuum between the two polar ends of the spectrum, from governance enacted by a single central authority to a fully decentralized system of individual decision making. Between these two extremes lies a range of governance regimes that might involve higher levels of government along with local systems (Theesfeld, 2008a; Frey et al., 2016).

Based on the field of experience of ideality and reality, Karin Schulz develops a history of behavior diagnostics concerning French parlor conversation.

This open access book provides state-of-the-art theory and application in geostatistics. Geostatistics Toronto 2021 includes 28 short abstracts, 18 extended abstracts, and 7 full articles in the fields of geostatistical theory, multi-point statistics, earth sciences, mining, optimal drilling, domains, seismic, classification uncertainty risk, and artificial intelligence and machine learning. All contributions were presented at the 11th International Geostatistics Congress held in virtually at Toronto, Canada, from July 12-16, 2021. This book is valuable to researchers, scientists, and practitioners in geology, mining, petroleum, geometallurgy, mathematics, and statistics.

What is the role of the environment, and of the information it provides, in cognition? More specifically, may there be a role for certain artefacts to play in this context? These are questions that motivate "4E" theories of cognition (as being embodied, embedded, extended, enactive). In his take on that family of views, Hajo Greif first defends and refines a concept of information as primarily natural, environmentally embedded in character, which had been eclipsed by information-processing views of cognition. He continues with an inquiry into the cognitive bearing of some artefacts that are sometimes referred to as 'intelligent environments'. Without necessarily having much to do with Artificial Intelligence, such artefacts may ultimately modify our informational environments. With respect to human cognition, the most notable effect of digital computers is not that they might be able, or become able, to think but that they alter the way we perceive, think and act. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.tandfebooks.com/doi/view/10.4324/9781315401867, has been made available under a Creative Commons CC-BY licence

EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC- ND It has been claimed that we are ‘all in it together’ and that the COVID-19 virus ‘does not discriminate’. This accessible, yet authoritative book dispels this myth of COVID-19 as an ‘equal opportunity’ disease, by showing how the pandemic is a syndemic of disease and inequality. Drawing on international data and accounts, it argues that the pandemic is unequal in three ways: it has killed unequally, been experienced unequally and will impoverish unequally. These inequalities are a political choice: with governments effectively choosing who lives and who dies, we need to learn from COVID-19 quickly to prevent growing inequality and to reduce health inequalities in the future. COVID-19 is an unequal pandemic.

This open access book provides an overview of the progress in landslide research and technology and is part of a book series of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL). It gives an overview of recent progress in landslide research and technology for practical applications and the benefit for the society contributing to understanding and reducing landslide disaster risk.

The study of early modern cancer is significant for our understanding of the period’s medical theory and practice. In many respects, cancer exemplifies the flexibility of early modern medical thought, which managed to accommodate, seemingly without friction, the notion that cancer was a disease with humoral origins alongside the conviction that the malady was in some sense ontologically independent. Discussions of why cancer spread rapidly through the body, and was difficult, if not impossible, to cure, prompted various medical explanations at the same time that physicians and surgeons joined with non-medical authors in describing the disease as acting in a way that was ‘malignant’ in the fullest sense, purposely ‘fierce’, ‘rebellious’ and intractable.3 Theories seeking to explain why cancer appeared most often in the female breast similarly joined culturally mediated anatomical and humoral theory with recognition of the peculiarities of women’s social, domestic and emotional life-cycles. Moreover, as a morbid disease, cancer generated eclectic and sometimes extreme medical responses, the mixed results of which would prompt many questions over the proper extent of pharmaceutical or surgical intervention.

Copies of plays that have come down to us often refer to performances in different cities and at different times, staged by partly or totally different casts, with inevitable adaptations of the text to the new situation. The article suggests that these kinds of variants should be treated differently from the normal variants of tradition, with undoubted advantages for text critics as well.

In this book Silicon Valley expert Peter Ester describes how these 'schools of startup entrepreneurship' operate and how they empower startups. He interviewed over twenty Silicon Valley accelerators. They are analyzed in terms of mission, selection policy, technology focus, target groups, program features, funding, mentoring and training, and startup showcases. What can Europe and other regions and countries learn from how Silicon Valley accelerators help startups to become successful companies? This book gives the answer. Accelerators in Silicon Valley is a book for entrepreneurs, startup founders, policymakers, practitioners, scholars, and students who share a fascination for building the new startup economy.

This book explores the interrelation of contemporary French theatre and poetry. Using the pictorial turn in the various branches of art and science, its observable features, and the theoretical framework of the conceptual metaphor, this study seeks to gather together the divergent manners in which French poetry and theatre address this turn. Poetry in space and theatricality of poetry are studied alongside theatre, especially to the performative aspect of the originally theological concept of ""kenosis"". In doing so the author attempts to make use of the theological concept of kenosis, of central importance in Novarina’s oeuvre, for theatrical and dramatological purposes. Within poetic rituals, kenotic rituals are also examined in the book in a few theatrical practices – János Pilinszky and Robert Wilson, Jerzy Grotowski and Eugenio Barba – facilitating a better understanding of Novarina’s works. Accompanied by new English translations in the appendices, this is the first English language monograph related to the French essayist, dramaturg and director Valère Novarina’s theatre, and will be of great interest to students and scholars in theatre and literature studies.

Der Einstieg von Lehrpersonen in die eigenverantwortliche Berufstätigkeit stellt nicht nur die Lehrpersonen selbst vor Herausforderungen, sondern auch die lokalen Schulen und die Lehrer:innenbildung. Im Zentrum des Bandes stehen individuelle, organisationale und institutionelle Ressourcen und deren Beitrag zur Bewältigung dieses Einstiegs. In achtzehn Beiträgen werden vielfältige Facetten dieser Thematik beleuchtet. Die Beiträge sind vier Schwerpunkten zugeordnet: (1) Individuelle Voraussetzungen und Ressourcen von Lehrpersonen im Berufseinstieg, (2) Berufseinsteigende als Mitglieder der Organisation Schule, (3) Institutionelle Angebote der Berufseinführung und (4) Der Einstieg von nicht oder noch nicht qualifizierten Lehrpersonen in dieBerufstätigkeit.

A thorough and exhaustive presentation of theoretical analysis and practical techniques for the small-signal analysis and control of large modern electric power systems as well as an assessment of their stability and damping performance. Such systems may contain many hundreds of synchronous generators and high voltage power electronics equipment known as FACTS Devices. The book describes new techniques not only for the tuning and analysis of stabilizers for systems with many generators and FACTS Devices but also for their coordination. Of practical interest, these techniques are illustrated with relevant examples based on a multi-machine power system containing FACTS Devices for operating conditions ranging from light to peak load. By introducing new analytical concepts, using examples, and by employing production-grade software, practical insights are provided into the significance and application of various analytical techniques.